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Life of Shri Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
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Shri Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was a fearless freedom fighter, social reformer, writer, dramatist, poet, historian, political leader and philosopher. Savarkar’s thoughts touch upon virtually every aspect of nation-building and are relevant even today. The film depicts various important events in his life.
Transcript
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[Music]
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the 26th of February 1966 the last rights of V damodar
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saakar a man who never sought fame or position a man to whom death had little
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meaning one who believed that the spirit of man is indomitable saaka was born at a time
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when the Echoes of 1857 were still in the air an uprising which he was to
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explicitly Define as India's first war of
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independence British imperialism had all but
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dominated the subcontinent when in the village of bhagur near nasik on the 28th
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of May 1883 it was in this house that saakar was
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born he was to embody the spiritual Revival initiated by Swami dayanand and
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the Revolutionary fervor of vasudev Balan F both of whom died is about this
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[Music]
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time [Music]
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[Music]
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[Music] namaste [Music]
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at school and at home the young vak was brought up not only on epics such as the
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Mahabharat and the ramayan but on the courage and love of freedom of men such
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as R Pratap and shivaji even as a child vak read
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newspapers ERS to know what was happening in the world around [Music]
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him in 1897 a plague epidemic struck Western
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India the plague could not have come at a worst time because famine starved the
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land while efforts were made to contain the epidemic there were many instances
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of unwarranted cruelty by the British authorities houses and belongings were
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burnt indiscriminately and people were evicted and dragged away from their homes
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without any sympathy Bal gangadhar til in the marati newspaper casery asked in bold headlines
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whether the government had lost its reason the Silence Of Terror ruled the
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cities and [Music]
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[Applause] towns
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there was a great outcry against the special plague commissioner WC Rand who
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instead of working in the plague ridden areas preferred to spend his time at government house especially while
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celebrating Queen Victoria's Diamond [Music]
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Jubilee returning from the celebrations after midnight brand and liutenant arist
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were shot dead The Killers the chaper brothers
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were caught and hanged the effect on vayak was one of
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indignation and rage the young boy took a vow I will fight unto death for the
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freedom of my
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country
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SAR wrote a stirring poem on the M which was published and widely
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read people found it hard to believe that a 15-year-old boy could write such
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a moving poem moreover they were astounded to discover that the youngster
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was also an effective [Applause] [Music] oror in nasik where as the crowds went
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to pray Savar came to pay homage to this Bell which was captured by the maratas
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from the Portuguese in a bitterly fought [Music]
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battle it was in nasik that vak began his secondary
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education with his Newfound purpose he joined his
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elder brother Babar saer to start the abinav bhat a group devoted to shaping a
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rejuvenated [Music]
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India from an original Gathering of five the movement spread rapidly to different
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parts of the country the abinav Bharat believed in total
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freedom each individual could contribute to their goal in different ways by
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writing by arousing by publication by Revolution and
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martydom after matriculating in 192 V went to the Ferguson College in
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Puna this is the room he occupied in the college hostel apart from the books prescribed
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in the curriculum and the English class six saer studied Indian culture and
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history in great depth here again saakar introduced the
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abhat
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in spite of the fact that the college authorities disapproved of political discussion saaka encouraged and indeed
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promoted
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it as a student leader Saker often called on Tik for discussion
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and guidance in
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195 every political leader was apprehensive about the impending partition of
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Bengal the people of India reacted strongly savaker and his fellow students
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organized a bonfire to burn cloth from [Music]
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Lancer this symbolic Bur of the British Raj upset the college principal who find
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Saker 10 Rupees and had him turned out of the
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[Music]
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hostel denounced the college authorities they don't deserve to be our
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teachers at about this time saakar came to know of a patriot living in England
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shamji Krishna Verma who was offering scholarships to Dedicated young people
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saakar decided to [Applause] [Music]
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apply my dear Pandit shamji according to your instructions I enclose here with
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the agreement on stamp paper signed by Mr savaker as per your draft I remain
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your sincerely Bal gangadhar tilak even as Saker sailed for England
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the special Department of the government sent a confidential warning to the India office in London to keep an eye on the
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activities of the young Firebrand saer had made it clear in his scholarship application that he would go
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to England not only to become a barister but basically to continue his fight for
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India's [Music]
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Freedom this building in Highgate in London was named bhat bav India House by
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shamji Varma saer lived here and began to read for the bar at Grey's
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Inn never one to waste time saakar promptly started to recruit people for
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the abinav bat many of whom were later to make history in
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197 while the government observed the 50th anniversary of the crushing of the
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Mutiny and the saving of the British Empire savaker celebrated the occasion
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as the Indian national rising of 1857 people whom the British thought of
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as were recognized as national heroes bahadur Shah zafur the Rani of ji n sah
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Pisha TAA Tope Raja Kumar Singh and other
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martys it was in this India House that the flag of a free India was
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designed saakar gave the flag to Madame bikaji Kama and Sardar Singh Rana to
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take to the international socialist conference at stutgart in
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197 Madame K's appeal to free 1/5th of the human race from the bondage of
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imperialism evoked a tremendous response from the Socialist leaders of the
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[Music]
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world in India fearing a wave of Revolt the British closed down presses and
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imprisoned national leaders the the repression in Punjab was particularly
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[Music]
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brutal reacting to this violence at the Imperial Institute in London a member of
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the abinav bhat madanlal dingra shot Sir Ken Wy the most powerful man in the
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India
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office dingra was imprisoned and hanged in Pentonville
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prison before he died dingra said of his country my wish is that I should be born
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again of the same mother and that I should die the same death for her
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again when Churchill said of ding's last words that they were among the finest
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ever spoken in the name of patriotism India House was closed down
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and savaker and his friends went away from London at Brighton saaka wrote a poem
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which expresses the longings of perhaps every revolutionary in
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Exile he appeals to the great ocean to carry him back to the PE of his
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[Applause] [Music]
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motherland me
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[Music]
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sh [Music]
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[Music]
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[Music] me
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[Music]
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[Music] [Applause]
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back in London saer continued his self-appointed task whenever he could get away from Grey's
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in he read all he could of colonial history Through the Ages from Roman
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times to the [Music]
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British at the India office Library he managed to get access to confidential
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correspondence and Military dispatches between India and London after exhaustive research
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spread over nearly 2 years he wrote the first historically authenticated account
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of the Indian war of independence 1857 the secret Services had kept a
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close watch on saer and his book was if not the first certainly a very rare
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example in the history of literature of a work being prescribed before its
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publication the book continued to be officially Pro subcribed until India finally became independent 38 years
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later the book was clandestinely published in Holland Bound in covers
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purporting to be the works of Charles Dickens and Walter Scott it was translated into French
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German several Indian languages and was smuggled to many countries of the
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world meanwhile in India V's brother babara saara had published a collection
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of poems ing total Revolution he was arrested in nasik and
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condemned to transportation for Life V's younger brother Narayan raal
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was also arrested and imprisoned for promoting the idea of
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freedom in retaliation against the Savage treatment Meed out to revolutionaries The Collector of nasik
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AMT Jackson was shot dead by Anand conary
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can was hanged it was established that the
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pistol was sent to India in a book by saer from London on his arrival at Victoria
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Station from Paris in March of 1910 savaker was
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arrested he was detained in Brixton
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jail it is interesting to note that whereas
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England had sheltered marsini KL Marx Gary Baldi kosut linen and other
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revolutionaries de Valera and Saker were treated differently because they were under British
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rule Saker was shipped out to be tried in India in marsill savaker eluded his
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guards and in the early hours
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[Applause]
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Grand he was arrested and taken back to the ship this led to the famous Affair
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savaker an arbitration case before the international court of justice at the Haag where France claimed that Britain
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had no right to take saakar out of French
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jurisdiction however by this time the high court of Bombay indulged in a
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remarkable travesty of the British rule of law there was no jury at the
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so-called trial of vak dad Saker and he was denied any right of
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appeal a special tribunal was hastily appointed even though France and England
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were still arguing the question of jurisdiction at the ha the charges were those of Waging War
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against the crown of abetting the murder of Jackson and of
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sedition it is noteworthy that there is no record of this mockery of a trial in
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the law reports saa's property was confiscated and he was sentenced to
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imprisonment for life not once but twice [Music]
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over the British gave Saker the honor of taking him to Port Blair in the anderman
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islands in the SS Maharaja although the conditions in which he traveled was not exactly
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[Music] Royal
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[Music]
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the andamans were the Devil's Island of the British rods to be sent here across
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the kalapani the black Waters meant never to be returned to
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[Music]
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life [Music]
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the very entrance of the cellular jail was designed to frighten the life out of a
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[Music]
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convict [Music]
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when savaker arrived not a single prisoner was allowed to see him there
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was constant fear of salaka's volcanic
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[Music] presence it is a terrible irony that vak
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did not know that his elder brother babara was also imprisoned here at the time of his
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arrival he had known that he was in prison but not where it was only 6 to 8 months later
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that he was to know of his brother's presence his younger brother Naran raal
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was also in jail on the mainland the three of them brothers in
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life Brothers in prison Brothers in the cause of
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freedom but tragedy and sorrow were never to overshadow s spirit in the extremes of solitude he
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was beginning to develop an inner strength a spiritual Defiance of all
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that the material power of an Empire could do to him the chains and confines of prison
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meant nothing his mind was free to be with his God to be with his great love his
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[Music] motherland
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[Music]
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[Music]
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an me un me
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an
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[Applause] [Music]
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for
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[Music]
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a life sentence in those days usually meant 25 years so saer had 50 years of incarceration to
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look forward to to begin with he was placed in solitary confinement for 6 months a
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measure designed to demoralize
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him to Heap indignity on Solitude he was informed that the Senate of the
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University of Bombay had with drawn his degree of Bachelor of Arts an act of
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petty viciousness which caused many britishers to hang their heads in
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shame at no time was saaka treated as a political prisoner always as a
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criminal during the Delhi Darbar in 1911 to celebrate the coronation of
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George V and Queen Mary while officers of the Raj and Indian toes paid homage to the crown Freedom
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Fighters seemed to have been forgotten but not entirely on this August occasion while
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many prisoners were released and others had their sentences remitted not so
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babara and vayak saer no doors open for
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them
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[Music]
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[Applause] [Music]
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on the contrary V was kept in a Cell from which he was compelled to suffer
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the sight of the brutality of his captor m V
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mam V
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mam [Music] M vak was kept in crossbar Fetters a
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system unknown in India a barbaric punishment for minor infractions of prison
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rules he was handcuffed and kept standing for 7 days because a note from
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another prisoner was found in his cell saer himself has described the
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solitary monotony of many years in a cell and yet while his body lay Shackled
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his mind roamed across the seas climbing Hills flitting like a bee among flowers
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searching for visions of those close to his heart marvelous at the beauty of God
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and the infinite variety and epic vastness of India's history he scratched poems on the walls
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because the walls were periodically whitewashed and the poems he wrote were obliterated he committed them to
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Memory a prodigious task for he composed more than 10,000 verses during his years
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in jail in the Andals
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[Music]
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after 8 years vayak finally met his wife yamunabai and his brother Narayan
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ra they had traveled 1500 miles to see him for 60 minutes on one day and 75
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minutes on the next he received news of the death of babar's wife yuai who was as dear as a
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sister to him she died neglected because she was the wife of a convict an unsung
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[Music]
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Mar [Music]
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one form of punishment for rudeness to a Jailer was to have to extract 30 of oil
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a day saer was only one of hundreds of revolutionaries who suffered inhuman
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treatment who can measure that their contribution to the freedom we enjoy
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today among others Maxim gorki wrote of savaker and his colleagues that they
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generated a new Spirit of Hope which was making obsolete the English regime on
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the banks of the Ganges the poor food and the harsh
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punishment inflicted upon him was too much even for some hav strength he
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[Music]
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[Music]
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collapsed [Music]
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lying in the Sick Bay when death seemed imminent he yet summoned up reserves of
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determination for he refused to give in how could he die before he saw his
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country free of August 1920 Bal gangadhar tilak died in in
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Bombay when the news reached Fort Blair savaker organized a day of fasting in
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tribute to the great [Music]
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leader not a single prisoner touched his food that
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day there was a demand throughout India and in other countries for the release of the
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[Music] s
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[Music]
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the British authorities decided to transfer babara and Bak to the
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[Music]
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mainland
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vak was brought to ratnagiri to another top security jail here he was given some
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amenities his first action was to put down on paper the thousands of verses he
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had composed and memorized in the emons
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[Applause]
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[Music] p
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in 1924 saer was released on condition that he should not leave ratnagiri district
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and that he should not indulge in any political activity a breach of these
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conditions would make him liable to imprisonment again
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[Music]
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[Music]
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m
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[Music] [Applause] [Music]
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[Music]
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for
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savaker decided to devote himself to social welfare especially to attack the
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narrow-minded practices of Orthodox Hinduism Untouchable children were kept
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out of classrooms saa's solution was typically radical integrate
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them [Applause]
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[Music] he asked his wife yamai to call the
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women of the neighborhood irrespective of cast for holding the Hali kungu
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ceremony after centuries of neglect Outcast children and women began to feel
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that someone cared for [Music]
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them
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[Music]
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[Music]
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[Music] Saar opened for haran the temples hither to closed to
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them [Music]
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[Music] contributed to the simplification and
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precision of the D script he arranged and encouraged
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intercast eating to break down cast barriers a movement which spread and
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came to be called sahab ban in 1927 Gandhi came to ratnagiri and called
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on saakar who lived opposite to the house where tilk was [Music]
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born they were meeting for the first time since saar's student days in
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[Music] London in his house in ratnagiri savaker
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devoted himself to writing he wrote his Memoirs he wrote on
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Hindu philosophy he wrote plays and many Works devoted to the restructuring of
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society and the equality among people necessary for a viable
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[Music] civilization at last in
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1937 SA was released unconditionally the day of his release
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the 10th of May was coincidentally the date on which India's first war of
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independence began on acquiring freedom of movement
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saakar undertook a long journey to every part of India he was received by huge and
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enthusiastic crowds not only as a Hindu reformer but as a foremost Patriot and
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revolution Saker had a clear idea of his view of
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the future while fighting against the British Raj he said before you destroy
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anything you must know what you are going to construct in its
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place he said India Must Be Independent India must be United India must be
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Republic India must have a Common Language and common script scpt and that language should be Hindi and that script
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should be nagari that Republic should be a national form of government in which
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Sovereign power rests ultimately and uncompromisingly in the hands of the Indian
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people when the second world war broke out Saker saw an opportunity to
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militarize the Youth of India he felt that a trained and disciplined force would be able to
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choose the direction in which to point their
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guns not the gun that fights but the hand behind it and not even the hand but
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the heart behind it in June of 1940 subash Chandra BOS conferred with
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saer in Bombay the details of that meeting are not known but it is a fact that subash
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Bose's idea of a military Insurrection became known only after that
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date the Indian national Army led by subash Chandra BOS first hoisted the
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flag of freedom on Indian soil fittingly the flag was first flown over Port Blair
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in the andon where India's revolutionaries had suffered and
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died the British left India Freedom had arrived at
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[Music]
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last D sa was for the first time in his life a profoundly happy man
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I
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