The Rebirth of Korea
The Reawakening of the People
Its Causes, and the Outlook
BY HUGH HEUNG-WO CYNN
Copyright, 1920, by
HUGH HEUNG-WO CYNN
First Edition Printed April, 1920
Reprinted July. 1921
CONTENTS
Introduction 9
Foreword 11
PART I
CHAPTEE THE REBIRTH
I. The Historic March First 15
II. Agitation and Repression 33
III. Christian Missions Face to Face with Militarism 61
PART II
CAUSES
IV. Japanese Administration 83
V. Japanese Administration (Continued) . 99
VI, The Rise of Democratic Spirit 126
PART III
CONCLUSION
VII. Japan's Policy and Korea 151
VIII. Democracy and the Future of Korea 171
APPENDICES
A. — ^An Opinion of Missionaries 191
B. — A Statement of Missionary Position
on Korean Agitation 215
C. — The Korean Situation 220
D. — Treaty of Amity and Commerce. . . 223
E. — The Japanese-Korean Treaty 237
F. — Supplementary Treaty between
Japan and Korea 244
G. — Protocol Concluded between Japan
AND Korea 251
H. — Agreement between Japan and
Korea, Signed August 22, 1904.. . 254
I. — Agreement between Japan and
Korea, Signed April 1, 1905 256
J. — Agreement Respecting the Coast
Trade of Korea 261
K. — Agreement between Japan and
Korea, Signed November 17, 1905 265
L. — ^Agreement between Japan and
Korea, Signed July 24, 1907 268
M. — ^The Treaty of Annexation, Signed
August 29, 1910 271
ILLUSTRATIONS
Viscount Kim, one of the two who have
petitioned and are prosecuted.
— Frontispiece
FilCINO FAQB
Crowd shouting "Mansei!" in front of
TuKSOO Palace, Seoul, March 1,
1919 16
The Independence Gate, outside of West
Gate, Seoul 48
Map of Korea, showing principal areas
where the demonstrations took
place 62
INTRODUCTION
Any contribution of fact or interpretation
touching the Korean situation will be wel-
come at this time to all true friends of Korea.
There is a special value in the statement and
conclusions of one who has had the training
of Mr. Hugh H. Cynn and the opportunities
which have been his for obtaining information
at first hand. Educated in the University of
Southern California, Mr. Cynn has been for
several years the principal of the Pai Chai
School in Seoul. His duties have, on the one
hand, kept him in close contact with the
Japanese educational authorities, while on the
other he has been in sympathetic relations with
his own people for whom he is a loyal cham-
pion. He has been modest, temperate, and
firm in securing and protecting the rights of
the important school which has grown steadily
under his leadership, and has devoted himself
to its interests. One who reads, however,
what is herein recorded will find a spirit which
is concerned with issues outside of the academic
realm. The author is a Christian and a patriot,
eager for the best that Korea can achieve,
convinced of the justice of his country's appeal
10 INTRODUCTION
for freedom and self-government, satisfied, if
once the main contention is accepted, to make
progress by delay if the time for full autonomy
shall seem not yet to have come. Mr. Cynn
has a wide circle of acquaintances and friends,
Koreans, Japanese, American. To them there
will be a peculiar interest in these candid
chapters in which, with clearness and courage,
he makes record of his impressions and his
convictions.
Frank Mason North.
FOREWORD
To be an "author" in a tongue that is not
his native has never been the ambition of the
writer. When he left Seoul, his home city,
in the latter part of last April, to come to
America for a short visit, it was his intention
merely to return as soon as the business for
which he was coming was finished. When the
time for the intended return came, however,
several friends suggested to him to give a
series of lectures in some of the Eastern institu-
tions of learning before leaving, and wisdom
counseled the acceptance.
While preparing for the lectures the thought
of putting them in some permanent form and
presenting before the public as an interpreta-
tion of one of the phases of Korean life grad-
ually developed, and with encouragements re-
ceived from his American friends he has ven-
tured into a field entirely new to him.
Chapters IV and V are taken from a report
made before the executive members of the
Commission on Relation with the Orient of the
Federal Council of the Churches of Christ
in America in the early part of last June. The
other chapters were given in substance in the
11
12 FOREWORD
Drew Theological Seminary and the Boston
University, in three lectures at each place.
The writer has no apology to make on the
subject-matter; he only feels a keen regret
at the inadequacy in the presentation. For
obvious reasons he has depended almost en-
tirely upon the government reports for statis-
tics and official statements and upon such
other documents and testimonies that are
quite well authenticated and known by this
time.
As he now turns his face again toward the
Far East, he wishes to avail himself of this
opportunity to express his very deep appre-
ciation of the courtesies and kindnesses shown
him by Dr. Frank Mason North, of New York,
Dr. John Franklin Goucher, of Baltimore, and
the Rev. Bishop Herbert Welch, of Seoul,
Korea. While these gentlemen have no respon-
sibility for any part of the contents, their per-
sonal sympathy and helpful encouragement,
during some of the blackest moments, have
enabled the writer to make an attempt and
complete the task.
Hugh Heung-wo Cynn.
New York City,
October 24, 1919.
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