Michael Pillsbury - Wikipedia

Michael Pillsbury - Wikipedia



Michael Pillsbury
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to navigationJump to search



hideThis article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)


The lead section of this article may need to be rewritten. The reason given is: lede promotes title subject (e.g., book) rather than summarising article, presents content unsupported by sources (in main body/lede).(November 2018)


This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. The reason given is: The entire sections 'US–China military and intelligence ties', 'Role in the Stingers for Afghanistan Decision' and 'Studies of China and the Pentagon's Annual Report' are copied verbatim from Pillsbury's own website. For that reason the people cited in those sections cannot be seen as neutral commentators, in fact there is no independent viewpoint presented at all. (December 2018)


This article cites its sources but does not provide page references. (November 2018)



Michael Pillsbury

Born
Michael Paul Pillsbury
February 8, 1945 (age 74)

California, US
Education Stanford University (BA in History)
Columbia University (PhD)
Occupation Consultant at US Department of Defense (2003–present)
Political party Republican


Michael Paul Pillsbury[1] (born February 8, 1945) is the American Director of the Center on Chinese Strategy, Hudson Institute, Washington, D.C., from 2014. He is the author of three books on China. The most recent one, The Hundred-Year Marathon, is an international bestseller[citation needed] and was number one on the Washington Postlist,[2] and a selection of the Commander, U.S. Special Operations Command, Commanders Reading List, in 2017,[citation needed] with Korean, Japanese, Taiwan-Chinese, PRC-Chinese, Hindi, and Mongolian editions also published.[citation needed] On September 26, 2018 U.S. President Donald Trumpdescribed Michael Pillsbury as "the leading authority on China.”[3] On November 30, 2018 The New York Times, Politico and Bloomberg articles asserted Michael Pillsbury's importance of being one of Trump's top advisers on China.”[4],[5],[6] According to The New York Times, "Ubiquitous on Fox News in recent months, Mr. Pillsbury’s book “The Hundred-Year Marathon: China’s Secret Strategy to Replace America as the Global Superpower” has become a lodestar for those in the West Wing pushing for a more forceful response to the threat that China’s rise poses to the United States."[7]


Contents
1Career
1.1US–China military and intelligence ties
1.2Stingers for Afghanistan decision
1.3Studies of China and the Pentagon's annual report
1.4VOA commentator
2Government positions
3Affiliations
4Published works
4.1Books
4.2Reports and articles
4.2.1US China Commission Congressional Reports
4.2.2House and Senate testimonies
4.2.3Journal articles
4.2.4RAND Corporation reports
5References
6Further reading
7Video interviews
8External links
Career[edit]

During the Reagan administration, Pillsbury was the Assistant Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Planning and responsible for implementation of the program of covert aid known as the Reagan Doctrine. In 1975–76, while an analyst at the RAND Corporation, Pillsbury published articles in Foreign Policy and International Security recommending that the United States establish intelligence and military ties with China. The proposal, publicly commended by Ronald Reagan, Henry Kissinger, and James Schlesinger, later became US policy during the Carter and Reagan administrations.

Pillsbury served on the staff of four US Senate Committees from 1978–1984 and 1986–1991. As a staff member, Pillsbury drafted the Senate Labor Committee version of the legislation that enacted the US Institute of Peace in 1984.[8] He also assisted in drafting the legislation to create the National Endowment for Democracy and the annual requirement for a DOD report on Chinese military power.

In 1992, under President George H. W. Bush, Pillsbury was Special Assistant for Asian Affairs in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, reporting to Andrew W. Marshall, Director of Net Assessment. Pillsbury is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the International Institute for Strategic Studies.

In 2015, a former CIA Director revealed that a book called The Hundred-Year Marathon "is based on work Michael Pillsbury did that landed him the CIA Director's Exceptional Performance Award." The official website has declassified documents and photos that illustrate the book.

Pillsbury's scholarship has been questioned by Washington Monthly assistant editor Soyoung Ho, in his article "Panda Slugger, the dubious scholarship of Michael Pillsbury, the China hawk with Rumsfeld's ear", published in the July/August issue in 2006.[9]

Pillsbury played a role in three Presidential actions:
US–China military and intelligence ties[edit]

Pillsbury participated in President Jimmy Carter's decision in 1979–80, as modified by President Reagan in 1981, to initiate military and intelligence ties with China.[10][page needed][11][page needed]

According to Raymond L. Garthoff, "Michael Pillsbury first floated the idea of arms sales and broad range of American military security relationships with China in a much-discussed article in Foreign Policy in the fall of 1975. Not known then was that Pillsbury had been conducting secret talks with Chinese officials … his reports were circulated to a dozen or so top officials of the NSC, Department of Defense and Department of State as secret documents."[12]:696 According to the book US–China Cold War Collaboration, 1971–1989, "The man spearheading the effort was not a public official, and enjoyed deniability. Michael Pillsbury, a China analyst at the RAND Corporation… spent the summer of 1973 secretly meeting PLA officers stationed under diplomatic cover at China's UN mission… The DoD managed Pillsbury. Pillsbury filed a report, L-32, in March 1974… L-32 was a seminal paper on which subsequent US-PRC military cooperation blossomed."[13]:81 James Mann wrote, "Outward appearances indicate that Pillsbury may have been working with American intelligence agencies from the very start of his relationship with General Zhang… In the fall of 1973, Pillsbury submitted a classified memo suggesting the novel idea that the United States might establish a military relationship with China… This was the genesis of the ideas of a 'China card,' the notion that the United States might use China to gain Cold War advantage over the Soviet Union. The idea would eventually come to dominate American thinking about the new relationship with China."[10]:58–59
Stingers for Afghanistan decision[edit]

Pillsbury participated in President Reagan's decision in 1986 to order the CIA to arm the Afghan resistance with Stinger missiles. According to the UN Undersecretary General who negotiated the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, "Initially, the Stinger campaign was spearheaded by Undersecretary of Defense for Policy Fred Ikle and his aggressive Coordinator for Afghan Affairs, Michael Pillsbury… The Stinger proponents won their victory in the face of overwhelming bureaucratic resistance that persisted until the very end of the struggle."[14]:195 Mann wrote, "For Michael Pillsbury, the covert operations in Afghanistan represented the fulfillment of the decade-old dream of American military cooperation with China… To help him win the argument, Pillsbury made use of his China connections."[10]:137–139 George Crile stated in Charlie Wilson's War that, "Ironically, neither [Gust] Avrakotos nor [Charlie] Wilson was directly involved in the decision and claims any credit."[15]:419[16][page needed][17][18][page needed][19][page needed][20][page needed][21]

Harvard University's JFK School of Government published what it called the first case study of how covert action policy is made and describes the role of Michael Pillsbury.[20]:24According to Charlie Wilson's War, "The moving force in this group was an engaging, well-born conservative intellectual named Mike Pillsbury, then serving as the Pentagon's deputy undersecretary in charge of overseeing covert programs. Pillsbury, a former Senate staffer and China expert, had been an early believer in the program…"[15]:415–416According to Philip Heymann in his 2008 book Living the Policy Process, "A policy player such as Michael Pillsbury may have absorbed many of the critical rules of the game of shared policy choice without even thinking of them as rules."[16][page needed]

Heymann wrote that "providing Stinger missiles was obviously of such importance or political prominence that the President would want to decide. This decision is obviously of that character for several reasons. If approved, we may be furnishing a terrifying weapon to a present or future enemy. There is a small chance that we will encourage dangerous forms of retaliation by the Soviet Union. Even the shift from a "plausibly deniable" covert action to the open support of a guerrilla force fighting the Soviet Union would raise issues in Congress that the President would want to consider in light of his staff's advice."[16][page needed]

Pillsbury worked through the secret Planning and Coordination Group. Heymann wrote, "This committee was secret, and public details about it are sketchy… The covert action committee met every three to four weeks. Its existence was not officially acknowledged, although such a committee had operated in every administration since Eisenhower. In the Kennedy administration, for example, it was known as the Forty Committee. Any information on covert actions was protected under a compartmentalized security system given the name VEIL."[16][page needed]

According to Steve Coll, in 1985–1986 Osama Bin Laden also wanted US weapons including the Stinger missiles. Coll wrote, "Michael Pillsbury flies to the Afghan frontier to review training facilities used by two Afghan warlords, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and Abdul Rasul Sayyaf… Bin Laden family head Salem bin Laden asks the Pentagon to supply anti-aircraft missiles to Arab volunteers fighting in the Soviet-Afghan War. The request is made on behalf of Salem's brother Osama [Bin Laden], who is establishing a semi-autonomous group of Arab volunteers outside the direct control of local Afghan commanders and will set up a camp just for Arabs later this year… Later research will indicate that there is no formal decision by the Reagan administration not to supply the missiles or other equipment to the Arab volunteers. Pentagon official Michael Pillsbury will later say he was not aware of any such decision, but if such a decision had been taken, he would have been aware of it."[18]:287
Studies of China and the Pentagon's annual report[edit]

In 1997–2007, Pillsbury published research reports and two books on China's view of future warfare. According to the Wall Street Journal in 2005, Pillsbury's findings were added to the reports the Secretary of Defense sent to Congress on Chinese military power in 2002–2005.[22][23] In 2003, Pillsbury signed a nonpartisan report of the Council on Foreign Relations task force on Chinese military power. The task force found that China is pursuing a deliberate course of military modernization, but is at least two decades behind the United States in terms of military technology and capability. The task force report stated it was a "nonpartisan approach to measuring the development of Chinese military power."[24][page needed] He has discussed the threat the people's republic of China poses to the United States of America with Tucker Carlson.[25]
VOA commentator[edit]

Since May 2014, Pillsbury has been a frequent guest on Voice of America Chinese providing opinions and participating in discussion in Mandarin Chinese typically on defense-related issues.
Government positions[edit]
Consultant at US Department of Defense 2004–present
Senior Research Advisor at US-China Economic and Security Review Commission 2003–2004
Policy Advisory Group at United States Department of Defense 2001–2003
Visiting Research Fellow at National Defense University, 1997–2000
Special Government Employee at US Department of Defense (Defense Science Board) 1998–2000
Research Consultant at US Agency for International Development 1991–1995
Special Assistant to Director of Net Assessment US Department of Defense 1992–1993
Congressional Afghan Task Force Senate Staff Coordinator at US Senate 1986–1990
Assistant Under Secretary for Policy Planning at US Department of Defense 1984–1986
Professional Staff at US Senate 1978–1981
Acting Director, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency at US Department of State1981
Affiliations[edit]
Director of the Center on Chinese Strategy, Hudson Institute, 1201 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington DC, 2014–present
Member of the Board of Directors, Freedom House, Washington, DC, 2016–present
Member of the Advisory Council, Woodrow Wilson Center, Washington D.C.[26]
National Geographic Society, Member of Council of Advisors and Founding Co-chairman of the Explorers Society, 2012-2014
Eagle Donor to Republican National Committee, with reported donatation of over $100,000 since 2008[27]
Member, Republican Governors Association, Executive Roundtable, 2014–present
Member of Washington DC Republican GOP Advisory Council, 2012–present
Author of number one National Bestseller, The Hundred- year Marathon, also published in Korean, Japanese, Taiwan-Chinese and PRC-Chinese edition published by Chinese National Defense University, and published in Hindi and Mongolian; selected as "one of the 10 best books of the year" by the Christian Science Monitor;
Member of the Board of Directors French American Cultural Center, 1430 New York Ave, Washington, DC, 2015–present[28]
Published works[edit]
Books[edit]

Author of two books on China, available at National Defense University Press:
Pillsbury, Michael (2015). The Hundred-Year Marathon: China's Secret Strategy to Replace America as the Global Superpower. ISBN 978-1-6277-9010-9.
Pillsbury, Michael (2000). China Debates the Future Security Environment. ISBN 978-1-4102-1856-8. Archived from the original on 2009-06-25.
This book has been translated and published in China by the New China News Agency Press
Pillsbury, Michael (1998). Chinese Views of Future Warfare. ISBN 978-1-57906-016-9. Archived from the original on 2009-07-09. (editor)
Reports and articles[edit]
US China Commission Congressional Reports[edit]
"China's Progress in Technological Competitiveness – The Need for a New Assessment" (PDF). 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-07.
"The US Role in Taiwan's Defense Reforms". 2004. Archived from the original on 2009-06-25.
"China's Military Strategy Toward the U.S.: A View From Open Sources" (PDF). 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-11-14.
"An Assessment of China's Anti-Satellite And Space Warfare Programs, Policies And Doctrines". Defense Technical Information Center. January 19, 2007. OCLC 165065634.
China's Assessment of the Future Security Environment. Office of Net Assessment. 1998. OCLC 43387159.
Dangerous Chinese Misperceptions: The Implications for the Department of Defense. Office of Net Assessment. 1996. OCLC 53477900.
Chinese Perceptions of the Soviet-American Military Balance. Office of Net Assessment. 1980. OCLC 6368991.
House and Senate testimonies[edit]
"Testimony to House Armed Services Committee". June 21, 2000.
"Testimony Before the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence". November 1997.
Journal articles[edit]
Pillsbury, Michael (1980). "Strategic Acupuncture". Foreign Policy (Winter 1980): 44–61. doi:10.2307/1148172. JSTOR 1148172.
Pillsbury, Michael (1975). "US-China Military Ties?". Foreign Policy (Autumn 1975): 50–64. doi:10.2307/1148126. JSTOR 1148126.
Pillsbury, Michael (1978). "A Japanese Card?". Foreign Policy (Winter 1978): 3–30. doi:10.2307/1148458. JSTOR 1148458.
Pillsbury, Michael P (1977). "Future Sino American Security Ties: The View from Tokyo, Moscow, and Peking". International Security. 1 (Spring 1977): 124–142. doi:10.2307/2538627. JSTOR 2538627.
RAND Corporation reports[edit]

Some of these are available online:[29]
Personal Ties and Factionalism in Peking. RAND Corporation. 1975. OCLC 1575577.
Taiwan's fate: Two Chinas But Not Forever. RAND Corporation. 1975. OCLC 1575589.
The Political Environment on Taiwan. RAND Corporation. 1975. OCLC 1462258.
SALT on the Dragon: Chinese Views of the Soviet-American Strategic Balance. RAND Corporation. 1975. OCLC 2218652.
Soviet Apprehensions about Sino-American Relations, 1971–74. RAND Corporation. 1975. OCLC 1549446.
Statement to the Subcommittee on Future Foreign Policy Research and Development, Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives. RAND Corporation. 1976. OCLC 2731888.
Chinese Foreign Policy: Three New Studies. RAND Corporation. 1975. OCLC 2379124.
References[edit]

^ https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/25978762
^ February 15, 2015.[full citation needed]
^ Tweed, David (September 27, 2018). "This Is the Man Trump Described as 'The Leading Authority on China'". Bloomberg. p. A1. Retrieved September 27, 2018.
^ Swall, Lexey (November 30, 2018). "A China Hawk Gains Prominence as Trump Confronts Xi on Trade'". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
^ Mayeda, Andrew (November 28, 2018). "There's No Cold War With China, Says Trump's Hawkish Adviser'". Bloomberg. p. A1. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
^ SCHRECKINGER, Ben (November 30, 2018). "The China hawk who captured Trump's 'very, very large brain". POLITICO. p. A1. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
^ Swall, Lexey (November 30, 2018). "A China Hawk Gains Prominence as Trump Confronts Xi on Trade'". The New York Times. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
^ Montgomery, Mary E. (2003). "Working for Peace While Preparing for War: The Creation of the United States Institute of Peace". Journal of Peace Research. 40 (4): 479–496. doi:10.1177/00223433030404007.
^ Ho, Soyoung. "Panda Slugger, the dubious scholarship of Michael Pillsbury, the China hawk with Rumsfeld's ear". Washington Monthly. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
^ Jump up to:a b c Mann, James (1998). About Face: A History of America's Curious Relationship with China, from Nixon to Clinton. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-76861-6.
^ Garrett, Banning. The China Card and its Origins. Brandeis University doctoral dissertation.[page needed]
^ Garthoff, Raymond L. (1983). Détente and Confrontation: American-Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan. Brookings Institution. ISBN 978-0-8157-3044-6.
^ Ali, Mahmud (2005). US-China Cold War Collaboration, 1971–1989. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-35819-4.
^ Cordovez, Diego (1995). Out of Afghanistan: The Inside Story of the Soviet Withdrawal. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-506294-6.
^ Jump up to:a b Crile, George (2003). Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 978-0-87113-854-5.
^ Jump up to:a b c d Heymann, Philip (2008). Living the Policy Process. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-533539-2.
^ Bearden, Milt; Risen, James (2004). The Main Enemy: The Inside Story of the CIA's Final Showdown with the KGB. Ballantine. pp. 211–212. ISBN 978-0-345-47250-2.
^ Jump up to:a b Coll, Steve (2004). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and bin Laden. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-59420-007-6.
^ Coll, Steve (2009). The Bin Ladens: An Arabian Family in the American Century. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-59420-164-6.
^ Jump up to:a b Lundberg, Kirsten (1999). Politics of a Covert Action: The US, the Mujahideen, and the Stinger Missile (Report). Kennedy School of Government Case Program. C15-99-1546.0.
^ Sullivan, Tim; Singer, Matt; Rawson, Jessica. "What Were Policymakers' and Intelligence Services' Respective Roles in the Decision to Deploy Stinger Missiles to the Anticommunist Afghan Mujahedin During the Rebels' Struggle with the Soviet Union?". Archived from the original on 2010-12-18.
^ King, Neil (September 8, 2005). "Secret Weapon: Inside Pentagon, A Scholar Shapes Views of China" (Fee required). Wall Street Journal. p. A1. Retrieved June 23, 2009.
^ "The Pillsbury Factor". The Oriental Economist. August 2002.
^ Segal, Adam (2003). Chinese Military Power Independent Task Force Report. Council on Foreign Relations. ISBN 978-0-87609-330-6.
^ Pillsbury, Michael. "The China Threat". Hudson.org. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
^ "Wilson Center". Wilson Center. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
^ "Donor Lookup". Opensecrets.org. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
^ French American Cultural Center[full citation needed]
^ "Michael Pillsbury". Rand.org. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
Further reading[edit]
Michael Pillsbury's op-ed in The Hill: Trump wins the first round in US-China trade war, May 4, 2018
Breitbart, Michael Pillsbury: Trump Seeks to Thwart China’s Hundred-Year Plan for Economic and Military Dominance, March 23, 2018
New York Post Book Review: China's secret plan to topple the US as the world's superpower, February 8, 2015
Wall Street Journal: Opinion Journal: China's 'Peaceful Rise' Is a Mirage, February 5, 2015
Michael Pillsbury's interview on Fox News: President Xi Jinping I and the Hong Kong Crisis , October 13, 2014
Pillsbury's op-ed in the Wall Street Journal: Misunderstanding China , September 17, 2014
Taylor, Marisa. "As polygraph screening flourishes, critics say oversight abandoned". McClatchy Newspapers. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
Pillsbury discusses the Chinese economy on Fox News: Will China's economy continue to grow?
Pillsbury on PBSNewsHour: How Troubled Are U.S.-China Relations? on YouTube
IQ2 US Conference: Michael Pillsbury presents at the China Threat Debate panel on YouTube
Kuperman, Alan (Summer 1999). "The Stinger Missile and U.S. Intervention in Afghanistan" (PDF). Political Science Quarterly: 219–263. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 15, 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
A response to the above article: Navrozov, Lev (July 24, 2006). "Alleged experts, alleged hawks and the alleged China threat". Retrieved July 3, 2009.
A response to the above article: Pillsbury, Michael (October 2006). "China Hawk Talk". ASIN B000KC7WQ8.
Video interviews[edit]
Fox News: China Walks Away from Trade Talks with the U.S. , Sept 22, 2018
Fox Business: Mounting Pessimism Over Quick Resolution to U.S.-China Trade Tensions? , Sept 10, 2018
CNBC: We Need to Narrow Our List of China Trade Demands , Aug 20, 2018
U.S. House Intelligence Committee: Michael Pillsbury Testifies before U.S. House Intelligence Committee Mounting Pessimism Over Quick Resolution to U.S.-China Trade Tensions? , Jul 19, 2018
External links[edit]
Official website
Appearances on C-SPAN

Authority control

BIBSYS: 12059557
GND: 1069332496
ISNI: 0000 0000 8278 6692
LCCN: n89643503
NKC: mzk2018978443
SUDOC: 187829608
VIAF: 92382894
WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 92382894

Categories:
American sinologists
Employees of the United States Senate
American anti-communists
American political scientists
Columbia University alumni
Stanford University alumni
People of the Soviet–Afghan War
Writers about China
American foreign policy writers
American male non-fiction writers
United States Department of Defense officials
Reagan administration personnel
1945 births
Living people
Cosmos Club members
Hudson Institute