옌롄커
 阎连科 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 작가 정보 | |
| 출생 | 1958년 8월 19일(67세) 허난성 쑹현 |
| 국적 | 중화인민공화국 |
| 직업 | 소설가, 번역가 |
| 학력 | 허난 대학 정치교육과 학사(1985) 해방군예술대학 문학과 학사(1991) |
| 활동기간 | 1980년~ |
| 주요 작품 | |
| 《딩씨 마을의 꿈》 | |
옌롄커(중국어: 阎连科, 병음: Yán Liánkē, 한자음: 염련과)는 중화인민공화국의 소설가, 번역가이다. 중국 허난성의 가난한 농민 가정에서 태어났다. 1978년 인민해방군으로 입대해 28년간 직업군인으로 복무했다. 1989년 해방군 예술대학 문학과에 입학했다. 군 복무 중에 틈틈이 창작활동을 펼쳐 작가로서의 명성을 쌓기 시작했다. 중국 사회에 비판정신이 강한 작품을 많이 써왔고, 이에 중국 정부는 총 여덟 권의 책에 대하여 판매금지 처분을 내렸다. 그럼에도 불구하고 세계 20여개국에 그의 작품이 번역·출간됐다. 제1-2회 루쉰문학상을 수상했고 오랫동안 노벨문학상 후보로도 거론되었다. 대표작으로 《딩씨 마을의 꿈》(2006), 《풍아송》(2008)이 있다.[1]
저작
장편소설
| 연도 | 제목 | 원제 | 비고 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 情感獄 | ||
| 1993 | 最後一名女知青 | ||
| 1995 | 生死晶黃 | ||
| 1997 | 金蓮，你好 | ||
| 1998 | 흐르는 세월 | 日光流年 | |
| 2001 | 물처럼 단단하게 | 堅硬如水 | 자음과모음 출간(2013) |
| 2001 | 斗雞 | ||
| 2001 | 穿越 | ||
| 2010 | 여름 해가 지다 | 夏日落 | 글누림 출간 |
| 2004 | 레닌의 키스 | 受活 | |
| 2006 | 딩씨 마을의 꿈 | 丁莊夢 | 도서출판 아시아 출간(2010) |
| 2005 | 인민을 위해 복무하라 | 為人民服務 | 웅진지식하우스 출간(2008) |
| 2008 | 풍아송 | 風雅頌 | 문학동네 출간(2014) |
| 2011 | 사서 | 四書 | 자음과모음 출간(2012) |
| 2013 | 炸裂志 | ||
| 2015 | 日熄 |
에세이
- 나와 아버지(我與父輩)
같이 보기
각주
- “알라딘: 옌롄커”. 《알라딘》.
2.중국 현대문학 3대 거장: 옌롄커 이데일리. 이윤정 기자 (2019년 11월 5일)
외부 링크
위키미디어 공용에 옌롄커 관련 미디어 분류가 있습니다.
閻連科
| 閻連科 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| プロフィール | |
| 出生： | 1958年8月24日 |
| 出身地： |  中国 河南省嵩県田湖鎮 |
| 職業： | 小説家 |
| 各種表記 | |
| 繁体字： | 閻連科 |
| 簡体字： | 阎连科 |
| 拼音： | Yán Liánkē; |
| 和名表記： | えん れんか |
| 発音転記： | イェン リェンコー |
閻 連科（えん れんか、1958年8月24日- ）は中華人民共和国の小説家。中国人民大学教授。香港科技大学客員教授。
来歴
1958年、中国河南省嵩県田湖鎮に生まれる[1]。生年月日については、家が貧しく誕生日を祝う習慣もなく、また所属していた生産大隊にも記録がなく、詳細は不明。幼い頃から食べることに苦労し、麦刈りをしたり、牛を追ったり、出稼ぎに行ったり様々な農作業を手伝ったりした。
1978年10月に中国人民解放軍に入隊し、食べることには苦労しない生活が始まり、運命も変わり始めた。軍隊では班長や小隊長、指導員、幹事を歴任し、中国人民解放軍第二砲兵隊創作室の職業作家となった。2005年に『受活』（邦題：『愉楽』）を書いたことで軍隊を追い出され、北京市作家協会の職業作家に移った。
2008年に中国人民大学の教授に就任し今に至り、大学では創作について講義している。2016年には香港科学技術大学の客員教授となり、ここでも創作について講義している。2017年、香港科学技術大学から文学栄誉博士号を授与される。
作品
全般
1979年から、小説では長篇が15編、中篇が50編余り、短篇が40編余り、散文では長篇が3編、散文集が5冊あり、映画やテレビの連続ドラマの脚本が10本余りあって、字数の総計は1000万字を超える。
しかし中国では、最も論争の的になる禁書の多い作家ということが原因で、『為人民服務』（邦題『人民に奉仕する』）、『丁庄夢』（邦題『丁庄の夢』）、『四書』（邦題『四書』）、『日熄』（邦題『太陽が死んだ日』）などの小説や一部随筆や講演原稿は、いまだに大陸では出版されていない。
作品は、英語、フランス語、ドイツ語、スペイン語、イタリア語、スウェーデン語、デンマーク語、ノルウェー語、チェコ語、ギリシャ語、日本語、韓国語、ベトナム語、モンゴル語など三十種類に及ぶ言語に翻訳され、世界各地で広く読まれている。
邦訳
- 『人民に奉仕する』（原題『為人民服務』）谷川毅訳、2006年、文藝春秋
- 『丁庄の夢 中国エイズ村奇談』（原題『丁莊夢』）谷川毅訳、2007年、河出書房新社
- 『愉楽』（原題『受活』）谷川毅訳、2014年、河出書房新社
- 『炸裂志』（原題：『炸裂志』）泉京鹿訳、河出書房新社、2016年
- 『父を想う ある中国作家の自省と回想』（原題『我与父輩』）飯塚容訳、河出書房新社、2016年
- 『年月日』（原題：『年月日』）谷川毅訳、白水社、2016年
- 『硬きこと水のごとし』（原題：『堅硬如水』）谷川毅訳、河出書房新社、2017年
- 「忘れられた片腕」飯塚容訳、『三田文學』2018年春季号
- 『作家たちの愚かしくも愛すべき中国 なぜ、彼らは世界に発信するのか？ 高行健・余華・閻連科』飯塚容訳、中央公論新社、2018年
- 『黒い豚の毛、白い豚の毛 自選短篇集』谷川毅訳、河出書房新社、2019年
- 「村長が死んだ」（原題：「村長死了」）谷川毅訳、『文藝』2020年春期号、2020年
- 『丁庄の夢』新装版（原題『丁莊夢』）谷川毅訳、2020年、河出書房新社
- 『心経』（原題『心経』）飯塚容訳、河出書房新社、2021年
- 『太陽が死んだ日』（原題『日熄』）泉京鹿・谷川毅訳、2022年、河出書房新社
- 『年月日』白水Uブックス（原題：『年月日』）谷川毅訳、白水社、2022年
- 『四書』（原題『四書』）桑島道夫訳、岩波書店 2023年
- 『中国のはなし 田舎町で聞いたこと』（原題『中國故事』）飯塚容訳、河出書房新社 2023年
- 『聊斎本紀』（原題『聊齋本紀』）谷川毅訳、河出書房新社 2025年
作品リスト
(1) 長篇小說
- 『情感獄』解放軍文藝出版社 1991年
- 『最後一名女知青』百花文藝出版社 1993年
- 『生死晶黃』明天出版社 1995年
- 『金蓮，你好』中國文藝出版社 1997年
- 『日光流年』花城出版社 1998年 ／ 聯經出版事業公司（台北） 2010年
- 『堅硬如水』長江文藝出版社 2001年 ／ 麥田出版（台北） 2009年
- 『夏日落』聯經出版事業公司（台北） 2010年
- 『受活』春風文藝出版社 2004年 ／ 麥田出版（台北） 2007年
- 『丁莊夢』文化藝術出版社（香港） 2006年 ／ 麥田出版﹙台北﹚ 2006年
- 『為人民服務』麥田出版（台北） 2005年
- 『風雅頌』麥田出版（台北） 2008年 ／ 鳳凰出版集團 2008年
- 『四書』麥田出版（台北） 2011年 ／ 明報出版社（香港） 2011年
- 『炸裂志』上海文藝出版社 2013年 ／ 麥田出版（台北） 2013年
- 『日熄』麥田出版（台北） 2015年
- 『速求共眠』理想国丨百花洲文艺出版社 2019年
- 『心経』香港城市大学出版（香港） 2020年
- 『中國故事』麥田出版社（台湾） 2021年
- 『聊齋本紀』聯經出版事業股份有限公司（台湾） 2023年
(2) 作品集
- 『鄉里故事』百花文藝出版社 1992年
- 『和平寓言』長江文藝出版社 1994年
- 『朝着天堂走』中國青年出版社 1995年
- 『閻連科文集﹙5卷﹚』吉林人民出版社 1996年
- 『閻連科小說自選集』河南文藝出版社 1997年
- 『歡樂家園』北京出版社 1998年
- 『黄金洞』文學出版社 1998年
- 『陰晴圓缺：重說千古淫婦潘金蓮』中國文學出版社 1999年
- 『朝著東南走』作家出版社 2000年
- 『耙耧天歌』北岳文藝出版社 2001年
- 『三棒槌』新世界出版社 2002年
- 『鄉村歲月』新疆人民出版社 2002年
- 『年月日』新疆人民出版社 2002年 ／ 明報月刊出版社﹙香港﹚ 2009年
- 『當代作家文庫閻連科卷』人民文學出版社 2003年
- 『天宮圖』江蘇文藝出版社 2005年
- 『革命浪漫主義：閻連科短篇小說代表作』春風文藝出版公司 2006年
- 『母親是條河』大眾文藝出版社 2006年
- 『瑤溝人的夢』春風文藝出版公司 2007年
- 『閻連科文集﹙12卷﹚』人民日報出版社、云南人民出版社、天津人民出版社 2007年
- 『阎连科作品精选集（17卷）』萬卷出版公司 2009年
- 『四號禁區』萬卷出版公司 2009年
- 『天工图』萬卷出版公司 2009年
- 『朝着东南走』万卷出版公司 2009年
- 『閻連科小說精選集』新地文化﹙台北﹚ 2010年
- 『桃園春醒』黃山書社 2010年
- 『藝妓芙蓉：閻連科中篇小說編年1988-1990﹙第1輯﹚』浙江文藝出版社 2011年
- 『中士還鄉：閻連科中篇小說編年1991-1993﹙第2輯﹚』浙江文藝出版社 2011年
- 『耙耬山脉：閻連科中篇小說編年1993-1996﹙第3輯﹚』浙江文藝出版社 2011年
- 『桃園春醒：閻連科中篇小說編年1996-2009﹙第4輯﹚』浙江文藝出版社 2011年
- 『閻連科短篇小說精選』雲南人民出版社 2013年
- 『中士还乡』上海文艺出版社 2015年
- 『閻連科长篇小说典藏』河南文艺出版社 2016年
- 『閻連科自选集』天地出版社 2017年
- 『閻連科海外作品選集 四書』香港城市大學出版社 2020年
- 『閻連科海外作品選集 日熄』香港城市大學出版社 2020年
- 『閻連科海外作品選集 夏日落』香港城市大學出版社 2020年
- 『閻連科海外作品選集 為人民服務』香港城市大學出版社 2020年
- 『閻連科海外作品選集 丁莊夢』香港城市大學出版社 2020年
- 『閻連科海外作品選集 心經』香港城市大學出版社 2020年
- 『閻連科海外作品選集 沉默與喘息—我所經歷的中國與文學 』香港城市大學出版社 2020年
- 『閻連科海外作品選集 推開中國的另外一扇窗—海外隨筆集 』香港城市大學出版社 2020年
- 『閻連科海外作品選集 野嗓子—海外演講錄』香港城市大學出版社 2020年
(3)散文・随筆・文集
- 『褐色桎梏』百花文藝出版社 1999年
- 『返身回家』解放軍出版社 2002年
- 『巫婆的紅筷子：作家與文學博士對話錄』﹙與梁鴻合著﹚春風文藝出版社 2002年
- 『没有邊界的跨越：閻連科散文』長江文藝出版社 2005年
- 『土黄與草青：閻連科親情散文』花城出版社 2008年
- 『機巧與魂靈：閻連科讀書筆記』花城出版社 2008年
- 『拆解與疊拼：閻連科文學演講』花城出版社 2008年
- 『閻連科散文』浙江文藝出版社 2009年
- 『我與父輩』印刻文學（台北） 2009年 ／ 雲南人民出版 2009年
- 『我的現實，我的主義：閻連科文學對話錄﹙與張學昕合著﹚』中國人民大學出版社 2011年
- 『走着瞧』東方出版中心 2011年
- 『發現小說』南開大學出版社 2011年 ／ 印刻文學﹙台北﹚ 2011年
- 『711號園』江蘇人民出版社 2012年 ／ 聯經出版社﹙台北﹚ 2012年
- 『一派胡言：閻連科海外演講集』中信出版社 2012年
- 『閻連科散文』雲南人民出版社 2013年
- 『寫作最難是糊塗』中國人民大學出版社 2013年
- 『他的話一路散落』中國人民大學出版社 2013年
- 『一個人的三條河 感念』二魚文化﹙台北﹚／中国人民大学出版社 2012年
- 『走在別人的路上：閻連科語思錄』上海人民出版社 2014年
- 『黑白閻連科——散文四書﹙四卷﹚』人民文學出版社 2014年
- 『沉默與喘息：我所經歷的中國文學』印刻﹙台北﹚ 2014年
- 『从田湖出发去找李白』 明天出版社 2014年
- 『兩代人的十二月﹙與蔣方舟合著﹚』印刻﹙台北﹚ 2015年
- 『独自走過的日子都有余温』湖南文藝出版社 2018年
- 『田湖的孩子』上海文化出版社 2018年
- 『她們』河南文藝出版社 2020年
- 『人生不過四季』江蘇鳳凰文藝出版社 2021年
- 『生命于我，就是笑着等待』江蘇鳳凰文藝出版社 2021年
- 『作家們的作家』譯林出版社 2021年
- 『聊齋的帷幔』聯經出版事業股份有限公司（台湾） 2023年
- 『小説的信仰』聯經出版事業股份有限公司（台湾） 2024年
文学賞
海外
- 2008年 - 『年月日』がフランス国家教育センターが高校生推薦図書に指定 ／ "Brigitte Guilbaud" の翻訳で国家翻訳賞を受賞。
- 2012年 - 『丁庄夢』が2011年イギリスマン・アジア文学賞最終選考に残る ／ イギリス『インディペンデント』の“年度翻訳決戦賞”にノミネート；イギリス『フィナンシャルタイムズ』の世界文学“年度良書”と評される ／ 『四書』：香港紅楼夢賞審査員賞・フランス世界文学賞フェミナ賞最終選考に残る ／ 閻連科『受活』の英訳本《Lenin's Kisses》が2012年『ニューヨーカー』などアメリカメディアの十大良書に選ばれる。
- 2013年 - イギリスブッカー国際賞の最終選考に残る ／ マレーシア花踪世界華文文学大賞。
- 2014年 - チェコ共和国フランツ･カフカ賞 ／ 『炸裂志』：香港紅楼夢賞審査員賞
- 2015年 -『受活』が日本でTwitter文学賞で一位を獲得 ／ 『堅硬如水』：ベトナム国家翻訳賞を受賞（翻訳：阮氏明商）。
- 2016年 -『四書』：イギリスブッカー国際賞の最終選考に残る ／ 『フィナンシャルタイムズ』のThe FT/OppenheimerFunds Emerging Voices Awardsの最終選考に残る ／ 『日熄』：香港紅楼夢賞最優秀賞。
- 2017年 -『炸裂志』：イギリスブッカー国際賞のロングリストに選ばれる。
- 2020年 ｰ 『年月日』：国際反飢餓図書賞（Action contre la Faim の設立した文学賞）
- 2021年 - 第7回ニューマン華語文学賞受賞。
- 2022年 ｰ 韓国国際平和文学賞
中国・台湾・香港
- 1990年 -『瑶溝人的夢』が第四回『小説月報』全国百花中篇賞、第四回『十月』文学賞、1990-1991年度『中篇小説選刊』文学賞を受賞。
- 1992年 -『夏日落』：全国『中篇小説選刊』賞。
- 1994年 -『粑耧山脈』：上海中篇小説大賞。
- 1996年 -『黄金洞』：全国第一回中篇鲁迅文学賞。
- 1997年 -『年月日』：全国第二回中篇鲁迅文学賞。
- 1999年 -『粑耧天歌』：第五回上海中篇小説大賞 ／ 『朝着東南走』：『人民文学』優秀中篇賞。
- 2001年 -『堅硬如水』：“九頭鳥”長篇優秀小説賞。
- 2004年 -『受活』第二回“21世纪鼎鈞双年文学賞；第三回老舍文学賞。
- 2005年 -『丁庄夢』が台湾の“読書人賞”を受賞、；香港の『亜洲周刊』世界華語文学十大良書の栄誉に輝く。
- 2008年 -『風雅颂』：『南方周末』年度賞。
- 2009年 -『我与父辈』：中国の十以上のメディアからそれぞれ年度優秀作品に選ばれる。
- 2009年 -『我与父辈』（邦題『父を想う』）：香港『亜洲周刊』“世界華語文学十大優秀作品”賞。
- 2010年 -『受活』：『南方周末』“中国30年十大良書” ／ 『我与父辈』：中国第一回“施耐庵文学賞”。
- 2011年 ｰ 『我与父辈』：第1回施耐庵文学賞
- 2013年 -『炸裂志』：中国の十以上のメディアから年度良書賞に選ばれる ／ 作者が『中国新聞周刊』から“中国に影響を与える”年度文化人物に選ばれる。
- 2014年 -『炸裂志』が第5回紅楼夢文学賞で決審団奨（審査員賞）を受賞
- 2016年 -『日熄』が第6回紅楼夢文学賞で首奨（一等賞）を受賞
- 2024年 -第14回全球華文文学星雲賞・貢献賞受賞
- 2024年 -第10回紅楼夢文学賞・専家推薦賞受賞
日本における紹介記事など
エッセイなど
- 「遠藤さんごきげんようーー遠藤周作への手紙」（泉京鹿・訳）『すばる』2017年3月号
- 「この厄災の経験を「記憶する人」であれ」（泉京鹿：訳）『ニューズウィーク』2020年3月10日号・「緊急特集：新型肺炎 何を恐れるべきか」特集
- 「厄災に向き合って文学の無力、頼りなさとやるせなさ」(谷川毅：訳)『文藝』2020年夏季号・緊急特集 アジアの作家は新型コロナ禍にどう向き合うのか
紹介記事
- 「今、注目の中国人作家、閻連科」（泉京鹿）東方書店広報誌『東方』432号
- 「黒い欲望を描く現代の魯迅」（泉京鹿）『AERA』2017年2月20日号
- 「本よみうり堂 トレンド館」国・言語超える海外文学（沼野充義）『讀賣新聞』2017年11月20日夕刊
- 「現代中国文学 作家2人が来日」閻連科・余華『日本経済新聞』2017年12月19日
対談・講演記録
- 「公開対話会「作家閻連科と語る−−『愉楽』（《受活》）はどう読まれたか」報告」徳間佳信『日本中国当代文学研究会会報』第30号（2016年12月）
- 講演採録「「異中国」の卑小さと文学」（閻連科・和田知久：訳）、「閻連科とは何者か」（王堯・南真理：訳）『中国21vol.45』（2017年2月28日）
- 「時代の混沌を映す物語−−『炸裂志』刊行に寄せて」（閻連科＋中島京子：翻訳・泉京鹿／通訳・田原）『早稲田文学』2017初夏号（2017年5月8日）
外部リンク
閻連科
- 中国作家閻連科与日本読者見面（中国の作家閻連科、日本の読者と会う）（中国語簡体字）（2016/11/16 中国僑網）
- 日本のTwitter文学賞に中国の閻連科氏が選ばれる（2015/03/27 人民網日本語版）
- 「改革開放の闇」を無慈悲に露出させる『炸裂志』：中国人作家・閻連科インタビュー（野嶋剛）（2017/01/26）
- 黒い欲望を描く現代の魯迅（2017/02/19『AERA』掲載記事）
- 過酷な現実見つめ、物語紡ぐ 中国人作家2氏に聞く（2017/12/19付 日本経済新聞 夕刊）
- 次の中国人ノーベル賞作家”語る性のタブーと政治(2017/12/14 テレ朝NEWS)
- 【特別寄稿】作家・閻連科：この厄災の経験を「記憶する人」であれ（2020/4/3 ニューズウィーク日本語版）
- 厄災に向き合って――文学の無力、頼りなさとやるせなさ（2020/3/30 Web河出）
『愉楽』関連
『年月日』関連
『丁庄の夢』関連
『人民に奉仕する』関連
『炸裂志』関連
『父を想う』関連
- 読書メーター
- 「精神の石碑に農民生活の叙事詩刻む」張競 - ウェイバックマシン（2021年5月7日アーカイブ分）
『硬きこと水のごとし』関連
脚注
Yan Lianke
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|
Yan Lianke | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Yan Lianke in 2024 | |
| Born | August 24, 1958 Henan, China |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Alma mater | Henan University; People's Literature Army Arts College |
| Period | 1980–present |
| Genre | Fiction, prose, script, literacy theory |
| Notable awards | Lu Xun Literary Prize, Franz Kafka Prize |
| Spouse | Zhai Lisha |
| Children | Yan Songwei |
| Yan Lianke | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 閻連科 | ||
| Simplified Chinese | 阎连科 | ||
| |||
Yan Lianke (Chinese: 阎连科; born August 24, 1958) is a Chinese writer of novels and short stories based in Beijing. His work is highly satirical, which has resulted in some of his most renowned works being banned in China.[1] He has admitted to self-censorship while writing his stories in order to avoid censorship.[2]
His novels include Serve the People!, Lenin's Kisses, and Dream of Ding Village. He has also published more than ten volumes of short stories.
Yan won the Franz Kafka Prize in 2014 and has been shortlisted for the Man Booker International Prize twice. His style is described as experimental and surreal, employing a self-described "mythorealism".[3]
Life
Yan Lianke was born in 1958[4]: 6 into a peasant family in Henan Province.[5]: 517 Though he lives in Beijing, he has said that his heart remains in Henan, and he has based numerous works on life in Henan, including Dream of Ding Village. He entered the army in 1978. He graduated from Henan University in 1985 with a degree in politics and education. In 1991, he graduated from the People's Liberation Army Art Institute with a degree in literature.
His childhood house was demolished by a farmer who believed that Yan's offers of money were bad faith attempts to lowball the true value, and he demolished the house in hopes of raising the land value, not realizing that the value came from the structure being Yan's house.[3]
Literary career
Fiction
He published his first short story in 1979. He has published 14 novels and over 40 short stories.
His early writings are mostly Realist pieces heavily influenced by 19th century Realism. But towards the end of the 1990s his style displayed a major change. His subsequent works are more infused with wild imagination and creative allegories. His sometimes myth-like dramatic plots are often allegorical depictions of the human conditions.
Yan's writing satirizes Mao-era China and its ideological positions.[5]: 517
A number of his fictions are set in the natural environment of Balou Mountain. It has become the most important setting of Yan's literary world, and the most noted fictional landscape created in Chinese literature. This is particularly true with the publication of the "Balou Mountain Series" comprising The Passing of [Riguang liunian], Hard as Water [Jianying rushui] and Lenin's Kisses [Shouhuo] around 2000. The depictions of Chinese history and reality in these novels are characterised by a sharp edge which is simultaneously profound, absurd and carnivalesque. Yan's protagonists are strange in behavior, and psychologically twisted and complex. This represents another major change in Yan's style from his earlier works. They often provoke surprise in his readers and critics, and debates and controversies at the time of their publication.
Yan became "sensitive" in China at the time of publication of Lenin's Kisses. He openly challenged what he described as Realism of the spirit(s) [Shengshi zhuyi], and advocated for a return to "a realism that transcends reality". Indeed, this makes sense, since Yan himself has said that to live in modern China "is to inhabit a reality that makes you question the very nature of reality."[6] Yan's outward beliefs about the ineffectuality of Realism as an artistic mode have since revived the ongoing debate among Chinese literati on the nature and utility of Literary Realism.
In France, the French translation of Lenin's Kisses has also received critical acclaim. Its translations in other languages have been equally popular. A writer of Le Monde rates Yan's writings highly, and rates him one among the great writers in the world. The same writer suggests that Yan distinguishes himself with his sophisticated insights on the society expressed in his fictions, and that his writings often shows a devastating humour. The Guardian describes him as a master of satire with a rich imagination. Vanity Fair (Italy) notes Yan's mastery in writing between magic and reality..The Frankfurt Christian Science Monitor suggests that Yan possesses both the talent for writing great works and the courage to confront difficult issues. The Japanese magazine The World considers Yan and his writings important setters of standard for Chinese literature and freedom of expression.
The bans imposed on Serve the People and Dream of Ding Village garnered him notoriety.
The Four Books was published in 2011 in Taiwan. It was also around the same time when he advocated a Realism of the spirit(s) [Shengshi zhuyi], purporting that Chinese literature should represent "the invisible reality", "the reality that is covered up by reality", and "the non-existing reality". This advocacy in the construction of an "absolute reality" is put into practice in his own novels The Explosion Chronicles and The Day the Sun Died. The characters in these works are "Chinese through-and-through". Their plots are depictions of a reality that is "Chinese through-and-through", but filled with imaginative "possibilities" and "mytho-realist" "impossibilities", which express his vision of his China being a "dark", "desperate" place where the idea of "future" only brings "anxieties".
These works are his practice of his avowed aspiration in Discovering Fiction [Faxian xiaoshuo] to create a Chinese literature endowed with the modern spirit of world literature, and differentiate themselves from Western Surrealism, Absurdism and Magical Realism, and that is modern and belongs to the East. In this sense, Yan can be appreciated as a writer of world literature. His novels Serve the People, Dream of Ding Village, Lenin's Kisses, The Four Books and The Explosion Chronicles have been translated into a number of languages and distributed widely in the Americas, Europe and the Australia. Almost all these translations have attracted attention and critical acclaim for the novels in their respective literary markets. Further, The Explosion Chronicles extended its fame to Africa, being shortlisted with Carlos Rojas' English translation for the GPLA 2017.[7]
In terms of the contents, Yan's fictions have all shown tremendous anxieties in his vision of "the Chinese people", Chinese reality and history. In terms of generic treatment, every one of his novels has displayed a new structure and linguistic style. To many it is his diverse styles, his readiness to break norms, and his capacity to create new literary norms that have differentiate him from other Chinese writers. It is in this connection that he describes himself as "a traitor of literary writing". His is a pioneer of 20th Century Chinese literature, and is the only Chinese writer who has gained international acclaim without any support, either strategic or financial, of the Chinese Government.
Literary criticism
Yan is the only contemporary Chinese creative writer who has systematically published critical appreciations of 19th and 20th century literatures. These include numerous speeches and dialogues he has given and participated in around the globe, and various pieces of theoretical writings. They are collected in My Reality, My -ism [Wode xianshi, wode zhuyi], The Red Chopsticks of the Witch [Wupo de hong kuaizi], Tearing Apart and Piling Up [Chaijie yu dieping], Selected Overseas Speeches of Yan Lianke [Yan Lianke haiwai yanjiang ji], and Silence and Rest [Chenmo yu chuaixi]. In these works he expresses in detail his understanding of Chinese literature, world literature, and the changes literature has gone through in the past decades. His 2011 publication Discovering Fiction [Faxian xiaoshuo] is an exegesis of his re-discovery of 19th and 20th century Chinese literature and world literature. The book is characterised by his personal style of argument and rationality. It is also in this book that he advocates the differentiation of "full causal relations", "zero causal relations", "half causal relations" and "inner causal relations" in the plots of fiction. He considers this a "new discovery" of fiction writing, and designates it a "Mytho-realism" of Chinese literature. This is the first attempt from a Chinese writer active in the international literary circles to contribute to the theoretical discussions of Realism in the global context. This view of his has been discussed in the academe internationally.
In 2016 Yan was appointed visiting professor of Chinese Culture by the Hong Kong University of Science Technology to teach writing courses. The course material is collected in Twelve Lectures on 19th Century Writings and Twelve Lectures on 20th Century Writings. They contain his analyses of and arguments about the most influential writers of world literature in the 19th and 20th centuries. Of the two Twelve Lectures on 20th Century Writings is more influential, since it represents an attempt of a Chinese writer to review and research on in a comprehensive manner the dissemination and impacts of 20th century world literature on China. It can be used as a research reference or a writing guide.
In the area of critical and theoretical writings, Yan Lianke is the most prolific and vocal among contemporary Chinese writers. Not all writers and critics agree with his views, but he is widely recognised as being unique among contemporary Chinese writer in terms of his persistence in reflecting on methodologies of creative writing.
Essays
Yan's body of creative works include not only fiction, but also a number of lyrical essays which read in contrast to his fiction. While his fiction is characterized by an acute sense of contemporaneity, rich imagination and a compelling creative impulse, his essays are characterised by a conventional aesthetic of the Chinese essay which comes across as gentle, lyrical, and showing much finesse.
His long essay My Father's Generation and Me [Wo yu fubei], House No.711 [711 hao yuan] and his other collections of essays mostly depict the daily life of the Chinese people, and nature in the four seasons, in a lyricism that comes across familiar to Chinese readers. The styles of his fiction and that of his essays are so different that it is difficult to reconcile them as the same body of works by a single writer. His non-fiction works have created an image of the author in both positive and negative light, so that the author becomes a figure who is rich and multi-faceted in his personality.
Mythorealism
Mythorealism (shenshi zhuyi 神实主义) is a Yan coinage.[8] Although it has been characterized as a literary device by some critics,[9] it can more accurately be understood as a blending of certain stylistic, formal, and narrative (or storytelling) elements to create a singular literary reality that is divergent from traditional realist representations. Yan has described it as a "creative process" whose aim is to "surpass realism."[8] According to University of Alberta scholar, Haiyan Xie, "mythorealism incorporates both Chinese and Western literary elements while remaining primarily grounded in Chinese cultural and literary tradition."[10] Such a rendering involves rejecting traditional narrative practices, for example linearity, logical cause-and-effect relationships, and, to a certain degree, verisimilitude itself. In Yan's own words:
In his analysis of certain of Yan’s post-Maoist works, Weijie Song, Associate Professor of Chinese Literature at Rutgers – New Brunswick, writes that “…Yan’s imaginative configurations of literary settings, from the metamorphosis of his hometown in Henan Province (in particular the Balou Mountains and Northwestern villages) to the transfiguration of post-Maoist Beijing (especially the construction and destruction of his former home in that city, called ‘Garden No. 711’), illustrate his grotesque, comic, spectacular, miserable, absurd, and deformed literary world.”[12]
Thus, mythorealism is a literary alchemy of sorts—simultaneously a creative process and stylistic mode—that seeks to reshape reality and infuse it with elements of spiritual mythology and magical occurrences. It pulls from a variety of sources and traditions, both within and without the writer’s consciousness.
Novels
Serve the People!
Set during the Cultural Revolution, at the peak of the cult of personality of Chairman Mao, the novel tells the story of an affair between the Liu Lian, the wife of a powerful military commander, and a young soldier, Wu Dawang. The two lovers discover that destroying objects related to Chairman Mao, such as the little red book, is a sexual kink for them. The book is a commentary on the choices people were forced to make during the Cultural Revolution.[1]
The title is a reference to a phrase originally coined by Mao Zedong in a 1944 article of the same name that commemorated the death of the red army soldier Zhang Side. During the Cultural Revolution, this article was required reading for millions of Chinese, and the slogan was widely used. Due to the sex scenes and political content, the story attracted controversy when it was featured the magazine Huacheng in 2005. The Chinese government ordered the publisher to recall all 40,000 copies of the magazine, which in turn created huge demand for the novel.[1] The novel drew criticism from socialist realist writers in China who objected to its satire and what they deemed its scandalous depictions.[4]: 6
Dream of Ding Village
Yan's novel Dream of Ding Village (丁庄梦) is a novel about people with AIDS trying to survive with little outside help. Yan visited people with AIDS and even lived with villagers for periods of time to make sure the novel was accurate. Dream of Ding Village has been compared with Albert Camus' The Plague (1947). Dream of Ding Village was published in Hong Kong in 2006, where it was again banned by the Chinese government for its content.
Other major works
Yan started publishing in 1979. So far the body of works he has produced includes 15 novels, more than 50 novellas, more than 40 short stories, 3 extended essays, 5 collection of essays, 6 collections of literary criticisms, and about a dozen TV and film scripts, amount to over 10 million Chinese characters. However, because of both the controversial nature of and the Chinese government's ban on his works, a considerable part of this body of works has not been published in China. These include the novels Serve the People [Wei renmin fuwu], Dream of Ding Village [Dingzhuang meng], The Four Books, [Sishu], The Dimming Sun [Rixi], and a range of his essays and speeches. Many of his works have been translated and circulated in more than 30 languages including English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Czech, Hungarian, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Mongolian and Portuguese.
Works
Novels
| Year | Original title | English title |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 情感獄 | The Hell of Feelings |
| 1993 | 最後一名女知青 | The Last Female Educated Youth |
| 1995 | 生死晶黃 | Crystal Yellow in Life and Death |
| 1997 | 金蓮，你好 | How are You, Pan Jinlian |
| 1998 | 日光流年 | The Passage of Time |
| 2001 | 堅硬如水 | Hard as Water |
| 斗雞 | Cock Fight | |
| 穿越 | Transgression | |
| 2004 | 受活 | Lenin's Kisses |
| 2005 | 為人民服務 | Serve the People |
| 2006 | 丁莊夢 | Dream of Ding Village |
| 2008 | 風雅頌 | The Odes of Songs |
| 2010 | 夏日落 | Summer Sunset |
| 2011 | 四書 | The Four Books |
| 2013 | 炸裂志 | The Explosion Chronicles |
| 2015 | 日熄 | The Day the Sun Died |
| 2018 | 速求共眠 | Want to Sleep Together Quickly |
| 2020 | 心經 | Heart Sutra |
| 2022 | 她们 | Women |
Short story and novella collections
| Year | Original title | English title |
|---|---|---|
| 1992 | 鄉里故事 | Stories of the Neighbourhood |
| 1994 | 和平寓言 | Peace Allegory |
| 1995 | 朝着天堂走 | The Road to Heaven |
| 1996 | 閻連科文集﹙5卷﹚ | Collected Works of Yan Lianke (5 volumes) |
| 1997 | 閻連科小說自選集 | Collected Stories by Yan Lianke |
| 1998 | 歡樂家園 | Happy Home |
| 1998 | 黄金洞 | The Golden Cave |
| 1999 | 陰晴圓缺：重說千古淫婦潘金蓮 | Waxing and Waning: A Second Look on the Legendary Slut Pan Jinlian |
| 2000 | 朝著東南走 | To the Southeast |
| 2001 | 耙耧天歌 | Marrow |
| 2002 | 三棒槌 | The Hammer |
| 2002 | 鄉村歲月 | Days in the Village |
| 年月日 | Years, Months, Days | |
| 2003 | 當代作家文庫 閻連科卷 | Works by Contemporary Writers: Yan Lianke |
| 2005 | 天宮圖 | The Map of Heaven |
| 2006 | 革命浪漫主義：閻連科短篇小說代表作 | Revolutionary Romanticism: Representative Short Stories of Yan Lianke |
| 母親是條河 | Mother is a River | |
| 2007 | 瑤溝人的夢 | Dream of the People of Yao Valley |
| 閻連科文集﹙12卷﹚ | Works by Yan Lianke (12 volumes) | |
| 阎连科作品精选集（17卷） | Representative Works of Yan Lianke (17 Volumes) | |
| 2009 | 四號禁區 | No. Four Restricted Zone |
| 天宮圖 | The Map of Heaven | |
| 朝着東南走 | To the Southeast | |
| 2010 | 閻連科小說精選集 | Representative Works of Yan Lianke |
| 桃園春醒 | Awaking in the Cherry Garden | |
| 2011 | 藝妓芙蓉 ：閻連科中篇小說編年 1988-1990﹙第1輯﹚ | Geisha Blossoms: Novellas by Yan Lianke (Volume One) 1988-1990 |
| 中士還鄉 ：閻連科中篇小說編年 1991-1993﹙第2輯﹚ | The Scholar Returns: Novellas by Yan Lianke (Volume Two) 1991-1993 | |
| 耙耬山脉 ：閻連科中篇小說編年 1993-1996﹙第3輯﹚ | Balou Mountains: Novellas by Yan Lianke (Volume Three) 1993-1996 | |
| 桃園春醒：閻連科中篇小說編年 1996-2009﹙第4輯﹚ | Awaking in the Cherry Garden: Novellas by Yan Lianke (Volume Four) 1996-2009 | |
| 2013 | 閻連科短篇小說精選 | Representative Works of Yan Lianke |
| 2014 | 黑白閻連科——中篇四書﹙四卷﹚ | Yan Lianke in Black and White: Novella in Four Books (4 volumes) |
Essay collections
| Year | Original title | English title |
|---|---|---|
| 1999 | 褐色桎梏 | Brown Shackles |
| 2002 | 返身回家 | Homeward Bound |
| 巫婆的紅筷子：作家與文學博士對話錄﹙與梁鴻合著﹚ | The Witch's Red Chopsticks: A Dialogue between a Writer and a Literature Ph.D. (Co-authored with Liang Hong) | |
| 2005 | 没有邊界的跨越：閻連科散文 | Transgression without Borders: Essays by Yan Lianke |
| 2008 | 土黄與草青：閻連科親情散文 | Yellow Earth and Green Grass: Yan Lianke's Essays on Family and Feelings |
| 機巧與魂靈：閻連科讀書筆記 | The Wit and the Soul: Yan Lianke's Reading Notes | |
| 拆解與疊拼：閻連科文學演講 | Deconstruction and Juxtaposition: Speeches on Literature by Yan Lianke | |
| 2009 | 閻連科散文 | Essays by Yan Lianke |
| 我與父輩 | My Father's Generation and I[3] | |
| 2011 | 我的現實，我的主義：閻連科文學對話錄﹙與張學昕合著﹚ | My Reality, My -isms: A Dialogue with Yan Lianke on Literature (co-authored with Zhang Xuexin) |
| 走着瞧 | Let's Go and See | |
| 發現小說 | Discovering Fiction | |
| 2012 | 711 號園 | No. 711 |
| 一派胡言：閻連科海外演講集 | A Load of BS: Yan Lianke's Overseas Speeches | |
| 2013 | 閻連科散文 | Essays by Yan Lianke |
| 寫作最難是糊塗 | The Most Difficult Thing about Writing is to Stay Confused | |
| 他的話一路散落 | His Words Scatter on the Way | |
| 一個人的三條河 感念 | Thoughts by One Person on Three Rivers | |
| 2014 | 走在別人的路上：閻連科語思錄 | Walking on Other People's Path: Reflections of Yan Lianke |
| 黑白閻連科——散文四書﹙四卷﹚ | Yan Lianke in Black and White: Essays in Four Books (4 volumes) | |
| 沉默與喘息：我所經歷的中國文學 | Silence and Rest: Chinese Literature in My Experience | |
| 2015 | 兩代人的十二月﹙與蔣方舟合著﹚ | December of Two Generations |
Translated works
This is a partial list of Yan's novels.
| Original publication | English publication | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Title[13] | Year | Title | Translator(s) | Year |
| 日光流年 Riguang Liunian | 2004 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 受活 Shou Huo | 2004 | Lenin's Kisses | Carlos Rojas | 2012 |
| 为人民服务 Wei Renmin Fufu | 2005 | Serve the People! | Julia Lovell | 2008[14] |
| 丁庄梦 Ding Zhuang Meng | 2006 | Dream of Ding Village | Cindy Carter | 2011 |
| 坚硬如水 Jianying Ru Shui | 2009 | Hard Like Water | Carlos Rojas | 2020 |
| 四书 Si Shu | 2011 | The Four Books | Carlos Rojas | 2015 |
| 炸裂志 Zhalie Zhi | 2013 | The Explosion Chronicles | Carlos Rojas | 2016[15] |
| 日熄 Rixi | 2015 | The Day the Sun Died | Carlos Rojas | 2018 |
| 心經 Xinjing | 2020 | Heart Sutra | Carlos Rojas | 2023 |
Awards and honours
- 1997 Lu Xun Literary Prize[1] for "Huang Jin Dong" (黄金洞)
- 2001 Lu Xun Literary Prize[1] for "Years Months Days" (年月日)
- 2005 Yazhou Zhoukan, "The Best Ten Books Award" for Dream of Ding Village[16]
- 2004 Lao She Literary Award[1] for :Lenin's Kisses (《受活》)
- 2005 Asia Weekly 10 Best Novels award for Dream of Ding Village
- 2011 Man Asian Literary Prize, Dream of Ding Village, longlist
- 2014 Franz Kafka Prize, winner[17]
- 2016 Man Booker International Prize, The Four Books, shortlist
- 2016 Dream of the Red Chamber Award, The Day the Sun Died, winner
- 2017 Grand Prix of Literary Associations, The Explosion Chronicles, shortlisted in the Belles-Lettres Category[18]
- 2017 Man Booker International Prize, Long listed The Explosion Chronicles [19]
- 2021 Newman Prize for Chinese Literature [20]
- 2021 Elected a Royal Society of Literature International Writer[21]
See also
References
- Toy, Mary-Anne (2007-07-28), "A pen for the people", The Age, archived from the original on 2016-03-04, retrieved 2010-04-28
- Cody, Edward (2007-07-09), "Persistent Censorship In China Produces Art of Compromise", Washington Post, archived from the original on 2017-02-26, retrieved 2010-04-28
- Fan, Jiayang (2018-10-15). "Yan Lianke's Forbidden Satires of China". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 2018-11-01. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
- Tu, Hang (2025). Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past. Harvard University Asia Center. ISBN 9780674297579.
- Tu, Hang (2022-02-24). "Long Live Chairman Mao! Death, Resurrection, and the (Un)Making of a Revolutionary Relic". The Journal of Asian Studies. 81 (3): 507–522. doi:10.1017/s0021911821002321. ISSN 0021-9118.
- Fan, Jiayang (2018-10-08). "Yan Lianke's Forbidden Satires of China". The New Yorker. pp. 30–36. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
- GPLA 2017 Finals: Camer.be Archived 2021-04-19 at the Wayback Machine
- Lianke, Yan. Discovering Fiction. Trans. by Carlos Rojas. Duke University Press, 2022.
- Cf. Xie, Haiyan. “Interpreting Mythorealism: Disenchanted Shijing and Spiritual Crisis in Yan Lianke’s Ballad, Hymn, Ode.” Modern Chinese Literature and Culture, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2022, pp. 32-65. https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/mclc.2022.0004 Accessed 9 March 2024.
- Xie, Haiyan. "Interpreting Mythorealism: Disenchanted Shijing and Spiritual Crisis in Yan Lianke’s Ballad, Hymn, Ode." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2022, pp. 32-65.
- Song, Weijie. “Yan Lianke’s Mythorealist Representation of the Country and the City.” Modern Fiction Studies, Vol. 62, No. 4, 2016, pp. 644–58. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26421892. Accessed 9 Mar. 2024.
- Ibid.
- "Yan Lianke". Paper Republic. Archived from the original on 9 June 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
- Shaikh, Ian (May 2, 2008). "and the [censored] was Mao". international.ucla.edu. Archived from the original on 2021-12-19. Retrieved 2021-12-18.
- "The Explosion Chronicles". Grove Atlantic. Archived from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
- "2005亞洲週刊十大好書揭曉 ．章海陵". Archived from the original on 2019-06-09. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
- ČTK (2014-05-26). "Cenu Franze Kafky letos dostane čínský prozaik Jen Lien-kche". České noviny (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2014-05-27. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
- "Agravox.fr". 6 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-04-04. Retrieved 2018-04-04.
- "The Man Booker International Prize 2017 Longlist Announced | The Booker Prizes". thebookerprizes.com. Archived from the original on 2019-10-29.
- "Yan Lianke wins Newman Prize 2021". 31 October 2020. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- "Inaugural RSL International Writers Announced". Royal Society of Literature. November 30, 2021. Archived from the original on December 25, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
External links
- Yan Lianke at The Susijn Agency
- Yan Lianke at Paper Republic
- Discussion of Two Novels about Blood Selling
- Being Alive is Not Just an Instinct. An interview with Yan Lianke about "Dream of Ding Village"
- The Four Books by Yan Lianke cover art and synopsis at Upcoming4.me
- Chinese novelist Yan Lianke describes quarantine in Beijing written by Riccardo Moratto
- An Interview with Yan Lianke by Riccardo Moratto
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