재조일본인 2세의 식민지 경험-식민 2세 출신 작가를 중심으로The Colonial Experience of Second Generation Japanese Settlers in Colonial Korea-Focusing on Writers among Second Generation Japanese Settlers
한국민족문화
2014, vol., no.50, pp. 99-122 (24 pages)
UCI : G704-001560.2014..50.003
발행기관 : 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소
연구분야 :
인문학
이수열 /Lee, soo yeol 1
1한국해양대학교
초록 열기/닫기 버튼
근대 시기 재조일본인에 대한 연구가 새로운 국면을 맞이하고 있다. 최근의 연구는 적어도 이주일본인들을 ‘침략의 첨병’으로만 바라보는 기존의 연구와는 관점을 달리하고 있다. 한마디로 식민지 시기 연구는 ‘수탈이냐 근대화냐’하는 이분법적 틀에서 벗어나 새로운 전기를 맞이하고 있는 것이다. 본고의 목적은 재조일본인들을 세대적으로 구분하여, 그중에서도 주로 식민 2세들의 경험과 의식을 그들이 남긴 문학작품이나 체험기를 통해 살펴보는 일이다.
식민 2세란 어린 시절 식민지로 이주해왔거나 또는 식민지에서 출생한 사람을 지칭하는 말로, 그들 대부분은 패전 이후 일본으로 되돌아갔다. 역동적인 역사경험 속에서 형성된 그들의 정신구조는 복잡한 양상을 보이고 있었다. 식민 지배의 책임 분담자로서 강렬한 제국 의식과 사명감으로 무장한 식민 1세들이 확고한 국가관을 지니고 있었던 것에 비해, 식민지에서 태어나 자란 2세들에게 고국은 환상 속에서나 존재하는 의식적인 것에 지나지 않았다. 그들은 일본인이면서 일본을 몰랐다. 자신들이 타자들로 둘러싸인 식민지에서 살고 있다는 사실을 안타깝게 생각했다. 그러한 고향상실자로서의 의식과 식민지적 차별과 수탈 위에 성립하는 그들의 생활은 식민 2세들을 나약하고 무능한 세대로 만들어갔다. 패전 이후 일본에서 식민 2세들에 의한 회상기와 체험담이 출현하기 시작하는 것은 1970년대 전후부터였다. 그것들을 살펴보면 패전 직후의 기아 상태와 곧이어 시작된 고도경제성장 속에 해소된 듯 했던 전후일본사회에 대한 식민 2세들의 위화감이 여전히 존재하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 조선 출신 식민 3세 시인 무라마츠 다케시는 그러한 식민 2세들의 정체성을 ‘반일본인․반조선인’이라고 표현했다. 식민 2세는 전후일본사회가 망각해온 식민지의 기억을 되살리는, 다시 말해 제국 일본과 현대 일본을 가교하는 존재이기도 하다. 본고가 식민 2세의 역사와 의식구조에 주목하는 이유도 바로 여기에 있다.
Studies on Japanese settlers in colonial Korea are taking on a new aspect. Recent studies, at the least, are assuming a different standpoint from existing researches, which view Japanese settlers as 'spearheads of invasion.' Simply put, studies of colonial era are welcoming a turning point, breaking away from the dichotomous frame of determining 'either exploitation or modernization.'The purpose of this study is to classify Japanese settlers in colonial Korea by generation and to specifically investigate the experience and awareness of the second generation settlers through literature and stories they left behind. The second generation settlers refer to Japanese people who immigrated to the colony when they were young or were born in the colony. Most of them returned to Japan after Japan's defeat in World War II. Their mental structure formed in the midst of dynamic experiences of the time show complicated aspects. Unlike the first generation settlers who shared a firm viewpoint of state armed with intense imperial consciousness and sense of duty as people sharing the responsibility of colonization, the second generation settlers who were born and raised in the colony regarded their homeland Japan nothing more than a ritual that exists merely in their fantasies. They were Japanese people, and yet were ignorant of Japan. They felt sorry for the fact that they were living in a colony surrounded by others. The awareness as person rid of hometown and the living that came into existence upon colonial discrimination and exploitation made these second generation settlers become feeble-minded and incompetent. The second generation settlers who had returned to Japan after the 1945 defeat started to publish memoirs and stories since the 1970s. Examining these literature, it was found that the sense of incompatibility among the second generation settlers for the post-war Japanese society, which seemed to have healed over with the rapid economic growth of Japan that began right after the post-war famine, was still prevalent among these generation. Muramatsu Takeshi, a poet and a third generation of colonial Korea, described such identity of second generation settlers of colonial Korea as 'half Japanese-half Korean.' These second generation Japanese settlers of colonial Korea are people who revive the colonial memory that post-war Japan have been neglecting. In other words, they act as a bridge between the Imperial Japan and the Japan today. This is the very reason why the present study underlines the history and consciousness structure of the second generation Japanese settlers of colonial Korea.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
재조일본인 2세,
식민지 경험,
식민도시,
기억,
아이덴티티
Second Generation Japanese Settlers in Colonial Korea, Colonial Experience, Colonial City, Memory, Identity
Studies on Japanese settlers in colonial Korea are taking on a new aspect. Recent studies, at the least, are assuming a different standpoint from existing researches, which view Japanese settlers as 'spearheads of invasion.' Simply put, studies of colonial era are welcoming a turning point, breaking away from the dichotomous frame of determining 'either exploitation or modernization.'The purpose of this study is to classify Japanese settlers in colonial Korea by generation and to specifically investigate the experience and awareness of the second generation settlers through literature and stories they left behind. The second generation settlers refer to Japanese people who immigrated to the colony when they were young or were born in the colony. Most of them returned to Japan after Japan's defeat in World War II. Their mental structure formed in the midst of dynamic experiences of the time show complicated aspects. Unlike the first generation settlers who shared a firm viewpoint of state armed with intense imperial consciousness and sense of duty as people sharing the responsibility of colonization, the second generation settlers who were born and raised in the colony regarded their homeland Japan nothing more than a ritual that exists merely in their fantasies. They were Japanese people, and yet were ignorant of Japan. They felt sorry for the fact that they were living in a colony surrounded by others. The awareness as person rid of hometown and the living that came into existence upon colonial discrimination and exploitation made these second generation settlers become feeble-minded and incompetent. The second generation settlers who had returned to Japan after the 1945 defeat started to publish memoirs and stories since the 1970s. Examining these literature, it was found that the sense of incompatibility among the second generation settlers for the post-war Japanese society, which seemed to have healed over with the rapid economic growth of Japan that began right after the post-war famine, was still prevalent among these generation. Muramatsu Takeshi, a poet and a third generation of colonial Korea, described such identity of second generation settlers of colonial Korea as 'half Japanese-half Korean.' These second generation Japanese settlers of colonial Korea are people who revive the colonial memory that post-war Japan have been neglecting. In other words, they act as a bridge between the Imperial Japan and the Japan today. This is the very reason why the present study underlines the history and consciousness structure of the second generation Japanese settlers of colonial Korea.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
재조일본인 2세,
식민지 경험,
식민도시,
기억,
아이덴티티
Second Generation Japanese Settlers in Colonial Korea, Colonial Experience, Colonial City, Memory, Identity
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