톰 랜토스 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전

톰 랜토스 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전

톰 랜토스

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위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.

토머스 피터 랜토스 Thomas Peter Lantos
출생	1928년 2월 1일 헝가리 부다페스트
사망	2008년 2월 11일(80세) 미국 베데스다
성별	남성
학력	워싱턴 대학교 캘리포니아 대학교 버클리
직업	대학 교수, 국제 문제 분석가, 경영 컨설턴트
정당	민주당
종교	유대교
배우자	아넷 랜토스

토머스 피터 랜토스(영어: Thomas Peter Lantos, 1928년 2월 1일 ~ 2008년 2월 11일)는 미국의 정치인이다.

헝가리 부다페스트에서 태어났으며, 본명은 런토시 터마시 페테르(헝가리어: Lantos Tamás Péter)이다. 그는 유대인이었으므로, 제2차 세계대전 기간 중 독일의 침공을 받았을 때 나치의 수용소에 끌려갔다가 탈출하였다. 1947년 미국으로 이주한 후 시애틀의 워싱턴 대학교와 버클리의 캘리포니아 대학교에서 석박사학위를 취득하였다. 그 후 대학교수, 국제정치 고문 등으로 활동하다 1980년 민주당 소속으로 연방 하원의원 캘리포니아주의 샌프란시스코 남부 교외의 선거구에 출마, 당선되었다. 1981년부터 2008년 사망할 때까지 하원의원으로 재직하며, 외교 분야에서 활발한 활동을 하였다. 미국 의회에서 유일한 홀로코스트 체험자였던 그는, 인권 상황에 특히 관심이 많았으며, 북한 인권과 일본군 위안부 문제 해결에도 업적을 남겼다. 북한을 두 차례 방문하여 핵문제 해결을 위해 노력했고, 북한 인권법을 발의하였다. 2007년 하원 외교위원장 자리에 올랐고, 이 곳에서 일본군 위안부 결의안 채택되는데 크게 기여하였고^[1], 결국 하원 본회의에서 위안부 결의안은 만장일치로 통과되었다. 그 외에도 이라크 전쟁, 다르푸르 분쟁 등의 외교적 해결을 위해 노력하던 중 식도암 진단을 받아 2008년 초, 2008년 11월 치러지는 선거에 출마하지 않겠다고 밝혔으나, 건강이 급속히 악화되어 2008년 2월 11일 80세로 사망하였다^[2]. 대한민국 정부는 미국 의회의 위안부 결의안 통과와 북한 인권문제 해결을 위해 헌신적인 노력을 보여준 그에게 수교훈장 광화장을 추서하였다^[3].

역대 선거 결과[편집]

선거명	직책명	대수	정당	득표율	득표수	결과	당락
1980년 선거	하원의원 (캘리포니아 제11선거구)	97대	민주당	46.39%	85,823표	1위
1982년 선거	하원의원 (캘리포니아 제11선거구)	98대	민주당	57.08%	109,812표	1위
1984년 선거	하원의원 (캘리포니아 제11선거구)	99대	민주당	69.92%	147,607표	1위
1986년 선거	하원의원 (캘리포니아 제11선거구)	100대	민주당	74.08%	112,380표	1위
1988년 선거	하원의원 (캘리포니아 제11선거구)	101대	민주당	70.96%	145,484표	1위
1990년 선거	하원의원 (캘리포니아 제11선거구)	102대	민주당	65.91%	105,029표	1위
1992년 선거	하원의원 (캘리포니아 제12선거구)	103대	민주당	68.83%	157,205표	1위
1994년 선거	하원의원 (캘리포니아 제12선거구)	104대	민주당	67.42%	118,408표	1위
1996년 선거	하원의원 (캘리포니아 제12선거구)	105대	민주당	71.69%	149,049표	1위
1998년 선거	하원의원 (캘리포니아 제12선거구)	106대	민주당	73.98%	128,135표	1위
2000년 선거	하원의원 (캘리포니아 제12선거구)	107대	민주당	74.52%	158,404표	1위
2002년 선거	하원의원 (캘리포니아 제12선거구)	108대	민주당	68.13%	105,597표	1위
2004년 선거	하원의원 (캘리포니아 제12선거구)	109대	민주당	68.03%	171,852표	1위
2006년 선거	하원의원 (캘리포니아 제12선거구)	110대	민주당	76.05%	138,650표	1위

각주[편집]

1. ↑ 美 하원 ‘위안부 결의안’ 통과 경향신문 2007년 6월 27일
2. ↑ 美의회내 지한파, 랜토스 하원 외교위원장 사망 2008년 2월 12일
3. ↑ 故 랜토스 위원장에 광화장 전수 Archived 2016년 3월 6일 - 웨이백 머신 매일경제 2008년 9월 16일

참고 자료[편집]

•  위키미디어 공용에 톰 랜토스 관련 미디어 분류가 있습니다.
• (영어) 톰 랜토스 - 미국 의회 인명 사전
• (영어) 톰 랜토스 - 파인드 어 그레이브
• (영어) 톰 랜토스 - 인터넷 영화 데이터베이스

외부 링크[편집]

전임 윌리엄 로이어

캘리포니아주 제11선거구 연방 하원의원 1981년 1월 3일 ~ 1993년 1월 3일

후임 리처드 폼보

전임 톰 캠벨

캘리포니아주 제12선거구 연방 하원의원 1993년 1월 3일 ~ 2008년 2월 11일

후임 (공석) 재키 스피어

===

Tom Lantos

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The native form of this personal name is Lantos Tamás Péter. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.

Tom Lantos
Chair of the House Foreign Affairs Committee
In office January 3, 2007 – February 11, 2008
Preceded by	Henry Hyde
Succeeded by	Howard Berman
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California
In office January 3, 1981 – February 11, 2008
Preceded by	William Royer
Succeeded by	Jackie Speier
Constituency	11th district (1981–1993) 12th district (1993–2008)
Personal details
Born	Tamás Péter Lantos February 1, 1928 Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary
Died	February 11, 2008 (aged 80) Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Annette Tillemann   ​ (m. 1950)​
Children	2 daughters, including Katrina Swett
Relatives	Tomicah Tillemann (grandson) Levi Tillemann (grandson) Charity Tillemann-Dick (granddaughter)
Education	Eötvös Loránd University University of Washington, Seattle (BA, MA) University of California, Berkeley (PhD)

Thomas Peter Lantos (born Tamás Péter Lantos; February 1, 1928 – February 11, 2008)^[1] was a Holocaust survivor and American politician who served as a U.S. representative from California from 1981 until his death in 2008. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented the state's 11th congressional district until 1993, and from then the 12th congressional district, which both included the northern two-thirds of San Mateo County and a portion of the southwestern part of San Francisco after redistricting.

Lantos, who served as Chair of the House Foreign Affairs Committee in his last term, announced in early January 2008 that he would not run for re-election because of cancer of the esophagus. He died before finishing his term.^[2][3] A Hungarian Jew, Lantos was the only Holocaust survivor to have served in the United States Congress; he survived the genocide with help from Raoul Wallenberg.^[4] In speaking before the House of Representatives after his death, Speaker Nancy Pelosi stated that Lantos "devoted his public life to shining a bright light on the dark corners of oppression. He used his powerful voice to stir the consciousness of world leaders and the public alike."^[5] U2 lead singer Bono called him a "prizefighter", whose stamina would make him go "any amount of rounds, with anyone, anywhere, to protect human rights and common decency".^[6]

In 2008, after his death, the Congressional Human Rights Caucus, which he founded in 1983, was re-named the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission. Its mission is partly "to promote, defend, and advocate internationally recognized human rights". In the final weeks of his life, Lantos asked that a non-profit be established to carry on the work he felt so passionately about. The Lantos Foundation for Human Rights & Justice was founded later that year to carry out that wish. In 2011, the Tom Lantos Institute was set up in Budapest to promote tolerance and support minority issues in Central Europe and Eastern Europe, as well as around the world.^[7]

Early years[edit]

World War II[edit]

Lantos was born Tamás Péter Lantos (Hungarian: [ˈtɒmaːʃ ˈpeːtɛr ˈlɒntoʃ]) into a Jewish family in Budapest, Hungary, the son of Anna, a high school English teacher, and Pál Lantos, a banker.^[8] His family was heavily involved in education, and included an uncle who was a professor at the University of Budapest and a grandmother who was a high school principal. His life in Hungary would change after the "Third Reich" annexing of Austria in 1938, with the Austrian border just 100 miles (160 km) from Budapest. Lantos remembered this period and a newspaper headline he read when he was ten years old, "Hitler Marches into Austria". Even at a young age, he understood the significance of this invasion:^[9]

I sensed that this historic moment would have a tremendous impact on the lives of Hungarian Jews, my family, and myself.

Six years later, in March 1944, the German military invaded Hungary and occupied Budapest, its capital. As he was Jewish, Lantos, then 16, was arrested and sent to a forced labor camp outside of Budapest. He escaped, but was soon caught by the Germans and beaten severely, then returned to the labor camp. He again escaped, this time making his way back to Budapest, 40 miles (64 km) away. There, he hid with an aunt in a safe house set up by Raoul Wallenberg, a Swedish diplomat.^[9]

Lantos joined Wallenberg's network; his fair hair and blue eyes, which to the Nazis were physical signs of "Aryanism", enabled him to serve as a courier and deliver food and medicine to Jews living in other safe houses.^[10] In January 1945, less than a year later, Russian military forces fought door-to-door battles and liberated Hungary from German occupation. However, Lantos, then 17, returned home only to discover that his mother and other family members had all been murdered by the Germans, along with 440,000 other Hungarian Jews, during the preceding 10 months of their occupation.^[9] Wallenberg, for his part, was later credited with saving the lives of thousands of other Hungarian Jews.^[11]

Lantos described some of his experiences in the Academy Award-winning documentary film The Last Days (1998), produced by Steven Spielberg's Shoah Foundation. In his floor speeches as a congressman, he sometimes referred to himself as one of the few living members of Congress who had fought against fascism. In 1981, Lantos sponsored a bill making Wallenberg an Honorary Citizen of the United States, and became a member of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation. In January 2006, he traveled to Hungary and attended a ceremony commemorating the 61st anniversary of the liberation of the Budapest Ghetto. The event was held at the Great Synagogue in Budapest,^[12] today the largest synagogue in Europe.^[13]

Education[edit]

In 1946, Lantos enrolled at the University of Budapest. As a result of his fluent English,^{[citation needed]} he wrote an essay about Franklin D. Roosevelt, and he was awarded a scholarship by the Hillel Foundation to study in the United States. He then emigrated to the U.S., and studied economics at the University of Washington in Seattle, where he earned a B.A. in 1949 and an M.A. in 1950. He continued his post-graduate education at the University of California, Berkeley, and received a Ph.D. in economics in 1953.^[14]

Early career[edit]

After graduation from Berkeley, Lantos became a professor of economics at San Francisco State University. In subsequent years, he worked as a business consultant and television commentator on subjects of foreign policy. He eventually became a senior advisor to various U.S. Senators, and in 1980, he was elected to the U.S. Congress, where he remained until his death in February 2008. Recalling his early life, he announced his retirement by stating to Congress, "I will never be able to express fully my profoundly felt gratitude to this great country."^[9]

Personal and family life[edit]

Despite being fluent in English, Lantos never lost his Hungarian accent. During his childhood, he met his future wife, Annette Tillemann (or Tilleman; born June 27, 1931), then using the name Agnes Ethel Seymour. Her family had managed to escape to Switzerland, using Swedish passports issued by Raoul Wallenberg. After Hungary was liberated, she and her family returned to Budapest, where she and Lantos met again. After emigrating to the United States, they married on July 13, 1950. They remained married until his death in 2008. Agnes Ethel Lantos became a naturalized United States citizen on May 17, 1954, under that name.^[15][16] Annette (formerly Agnes) Lantos is a niece of Jolie Gabor, whose brother Sebastian was Mrs. Lantos's father, making Magda, Zsa Zsa, and Eva Gabor, Jolie's daughters, first cousins to Annette Lantos.^[17]

Lantos and his wife had two daughters, Annette Marie and Katrina, and 18 grandchildren, including Levi, an author and energy expert; Tomicah, a former Democratic political speechwriter; and Charity, an opera singer and activist. The Lantoses' daughter Annette was married to Timber Dick, an independent businessman in Colorado,^[18] until his accidental death in 2008.^[19][20]

Lantos's younger daughter, Katrina, is married to ambassador and former U.S. Representative from New Hampshire, Richard Swett, and was herself a candidate for Congress in New Hampshire. Lantos considered himself a secular Jew.^[21]

Political career and positions[edit]

Lantos made his first run for office in 1980, challenging Republican Congressman Bill Royer, who had won a 1979 special election after Democrat Leo Ryan was killed in the Jonestown massacre. Lantos defeated Royer by 5,700 votes. He never again faced such a close contest, and was re-elected 13 times. Lantos earned a reputation as a champion for various human rights causes, such as having Yahoo CEO Jerry Yang testify at a congressional hearing, when the company turned over the email records of two Chinese dissidents to the Chinese government, allowing them to be traced and one sentenced to jail.^[22][23]

The 11th district that Lantos served from 1981 until 1993 included a small portion of San Francisco, as well as Daly City and San Mateo.

Lantos was a member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, and repeatedly called for reforms to the nation's health-care system, reduction of the national budget deficit and the national debt, repeal of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001. He opposed Social Security privatization efforts. He supported same-sex marriage rights and marijuana for medical use, was a strong proponent of gun control and adamantly pro-choice.^[24]

Lantos was an advocate on behalf of the environment, receiving consistently high ratings from the League of Conservation Voters and other environmental organizations for his legislative record. His long-standing efforts to protect open space brought thousands of acres under the protection of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, including Mori Point, Sweeney Ridge, and Rancho Corral de Tierra, which will keep its watersheds and delicate habitats free from development permanently.^[25][26]

San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom and Lantos

While Lantos initially supported the Iraq War, from 2006 onward he distanced himself, making increasingly critical statements about the conduct of the war.^{[citation needed]}

Foreign affairs issues[edit]

United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon with Tom and Annette Lantos

Lantos served as the chairman of the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Through its more than 20 years of work, the Congressional Human Rights Caucus—of which Lantos was co-chair with Representative Frank Wolf—covered a wide range of human rights issues. They included speaking for Christians in Saudi Arabia and Sudan to practice their faith, helping Tibetans to retain their culture and religion in Tibet, and advocating for other minorities worldwide.

Among his other efforts was a demand that Japan apologize for sex slavery during World War II.^[27] He declared Turkey's mass killings of Armenians during World War I to be genocide.^[27] In more recent times, he supported democracy in Burma and pressed for sanctions on Iran for supporting terrorism.^[27] In 2004, he sponsored a bill to stop the spread of antisemitism.^[28]

On other aspects of American foreign policy, Lantos spoke out against waste, fraud and abuse in the multi-billion dollar U.S. reconstruction program in Iraq, and warned that the U.S. could lose Afghanistan to the Taliban if the Bush administration failed to take decisive action to halt the current decline in political stability there. Lantos was against U.S. military aid to Egypt as the Egyptian military had failed to stop the flow of money and weapons across the Egyptian border to Hamas in Gaza, and Egypt had not contributed troops to the peacekeeping efforts in Afghanistan and elsewhere.^[29]

1991 Gulf War[edit]

See also: Nurse Nayirah

Lantos was a strong supporter of the 1991 Persian Gulf War. During the run-up to the war, the Congressional Human Rights Caucus, of which Lantos was co-chairman, hosted a young Kuwaiti woman identified only as "Nurse Nayirah", who told of horrific abuses by Iraqi soldiers, including the killing of Kuwaiti babies by taking them out of their incubators and leaving them to die on the cold floor of the hospital. These alleged atrocities figured prominently in the rhetoric at the time about Iraqi abuses in Kuwait. The girl's account was later challenged by independent human rights monitors.^[30]

"Nurse Nayirah" later turned out to be the daughter of the Kuwaiti ambassador to the United States. Asked about having allowed the girl to give testimony without identifying herself, and without her story having been corroborated, Lantos replied, "The notion that any of the witnesses brought to the caucus through the Kuwaiti Embassy would not be credible did not cross my mind... I have no basis for assuming that her story is not true, but the point goes beyond that. If one hypothesizes that the woman's story is fictitious from A to Z, that in no way diminishes the avalanche of human rights violations."^[30]

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation sent investigators to Kuwait who went through the hospital and counted the incubators and they found that "except for one or two that may have been misplaced" all of the incubators were still in the hospital. The investigators concluded that there were no deaths resulting from stolen equipment. And the doctor who provided Amnesty International with the number of babies killed dropped from 312 to 72 and then 30, 19 of which died before the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq. After the war, The New York Times wrote, "It's plainly wrong for a member of congress to collaborate with a public relations firm to produce knowingly deceptive testimony on an important issue.^[31] Yet Representative Tom Lantos has been caught doing exactly that. His behavior warrants a searching inquiry by the House Ethics Committee."^[32]

War in Iraq[edit]

On October 4, 2002, Lantos led a narrow majority of Democrats on the House International Relations Committee to a successful vote in support of the Resolution for the Use of Force, seeking the approval of the United Nations and under the condition that President George W. Bush would allow UN weapons inspectors to finish their work and that Bush would need to return to Congress for an actual declaration of war before invading Iraq. The resolution later passed the House and the Senate with a total of 373 members of Congress supporting it. "The train is now on its way", said Lantos after the resolution successfully passed both houses of Congress.^[33] In later hearings on the war, Lantos continued his enthusiastic support.

Starting in early 2006, Lantos distanced himself from the Bush Administration's Iraq policy, making critical statements at hearings, on the House floor and in published media interviews about the conduct of the war. During hearings of the House International Relations Committee, where he was then the ranking member, Lantos repeatedly praised the investigative work of the office of the Special Inspector of Iraq Reconstruction General Stuart Bowen, which uncovered evidence of waste, fraud and abuse in the use of U.S. taxpayer dollars intended to help secure and rebuild Iraq. Lantos was an immediate and consistent critic of the troop surge advocated by President Bush. On the night in January 2007 that Bush announced his plan, Lantos responded, "I oppose the so-called surge that constitutes the centerpiece of the President's plan. Our efforts in Iraq are a mess, and throwing in more troops will not improve it."^[34]

During a joint House hearing on September 10, 2007, featuring General David Petraeus and Ambassador Ryan Crocker, Lantos said:

The Administration's myopic policies in Iraq have created a fiasco. Is it any wonder that on the subject of Iraq, more and more Americans have little confidence in this Administration? We can not take ANY of this Administration's assertions on Iraq at face value anymore, and no amount of charts or statistics will improve its credibility. This is not a knock on you, General Petraeus, or on you, Ambassador Crocker. But the fact remains, gentlemen, that the Administration has sent you here today to convince the members of these two Committees and the Congress that victory is at hand. With all due respect to you, I must say ... I don't buy it.

At the same hearing, Lantos drew comparisons between some of the current U.S. activities in Iraq to U.S. support two decades earlier of Islamic militants in Afghanistan:

America should not be in the business of arming, training and funding both sides of a religious civil war in Iraq. Did the Administration learn nothing from our country's actions in Afghanistan two decades ago, when by supporting Islamist militants against the Soviet Union, we helped pave the way for the rise of the Taliban? Why are we now repeating the short-sighted patterns of the past?^[29]

Human rights advocate[edit]

Presenting the Dalai Lama with the Congressional Gold Medal, 2007

Tibet[edit]

As co-founder of the Congressional Human Rights Caucus in 1983 and as Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee, Lantos would "stir the consciousness of world leaders and the public alike", according to Representative Nancy Pelosi. She added: "Wherever there was injustice or oppression, he used his expertise and moral authority to put the United States on the side of justice and human rights". In 2007, in his effort to help the people of China and Tibet, he presented the Dalai Lama with the Congressional Gold Medal.^[35]

Darfur[edit]

On April 28, 2006, Lantos and four other Democratic U.S. Representatives, along with six other activists, took part in a civil disobedience action in front of the Sudanese embassy in Washington, D.C. They were protesting the role of the Sudanese government in carrying out genocide in the Darfur conflict and were arrested for disorderly conduct.^[36]

Hungarian minorities[edit]

Lantos was an activist for the rights of Hungarian minorities;^[37][38] as a member of the US House of Representatives. In a 2007 letter he asked Robert Fico, the Prime Minister of Slovakia to distance themselves from the Beneš decrees, a reasonable process in the Hedvig Malina case, and to treat members of the Hungarian minority as equal.^[39][40]

The American Hungarian Federation recognized Congressman Lantos for his "Leadership in Support of Democracy, Human Rights and Minority Rights in Central and Eastern Europe", awarding him the organization's highest award, the "Col. Commandant Michael Kovats Medal of Freedom", at the October 19, 2005, Congressional Reception commemorating the 49th Anniversary of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution.^[41]

Lebanon[edit]

On August 27, 2006, at the Israeli Foreign Ministry building in Israel, Lantos said he would block a foreign aid package promised by President George W. Bush to Lebanon unless and until Beirut agreed to the deployment of international troops on the border with Syria and Lebanon takes control of its borders with Syria to prevent arms smuggling to Hezbollah guerrillas.^[42]

Morocco and Western Sahara[edit]

Lantos supported Morocco's demand to gain sovereignty over Western Sahara, and criticized the Polisario Front, which demands independence for the disputed region. In 2007, he backed Morocco's proposal to make the region autonomous under Moroccan rule, saying: "I urge the leadership of the Polisario to realize that they will never again get such a good deal for the population they purport to represent."^[43]

Death and legacy[edit]

Lantos's grave in Congressional Cemetery, Washington, D.C. The letters at the bottom are a Hebrew acronym for May his soul be bound up in the bond of eternal life.

On January 2, 2008, after having been diagnosed with esophageal cancer, Lantos announced he would not run for a 15th term in the House, but planned to complete his final term, and thanked Congress:

It is only in the United States that a penniless survivor of the Holocaust and a fighter in the anti-Nazi underground could have received an education, raised a family, and had the privilege of serving the last three decades of his life as a Member of Congress. I will never be able to express fully my profoundly felt gratitude to this great country."^[27]

Lantos died of complications from esophageal cancer on February 11, 2008, before finishing his term. A special election was held to fill his seat on April 8, 2008, and was won by former State Senator Jackie Speier, whom Lantos had endorsed.^[44] Shortly after his death, Roy Blunt, the House Republican Whip, stated that "Chairman Lantos will be remembered as a man of uncommon integrity and sincere moral conviction — and a public servant who never wavered in his pursuit of a better, freer and more religiously tolerant world."^[45]

A memorial service was held for Lantos on February 14, 2008, at Statuary Hall in the Capitol. Speakers included Senator Joe Biden, Bono of U2, Rep. Steny Hoyer, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, Israeli foreign minister Tzipi Livni, Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, Rep. Christopher Shays and Elie Wiesel.^[46]

He was buried in Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C.

On June 19, 2008, President George W. Bush posthumously awarded Lantos the Medal of Freedom. In a ceremony at the White House, Bush stated "We miss his vigorous defense of human rights and his powerful witness for the cause of human freedom. For a lifetime of leadership, for his commitment to liberty, and for his devoted service to his adopted nation, I am proud to award the Presidential Medal of Freedom, posthumously, to Tom Lantos, and proud that his loving wife Annette will receive the award on behalf of his family."^[47]

In 2008, the Congressional Human Rights Caucus, which he founded in 1983, was renamed The Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission. Its mission is partly "to promote, defend and advocate internationally recognized human rights." The first Lantos Human Rights Prize was presented to the 14th Dalai Lama in 2009. In 2011, the institute was set up in Budapest to promote tolerance and support minority issues in central and eastern Europe and in the world.^[7]

In the final weeks of his life, Lantos asked that a non-profit be established to carry on the work he felt so passionately about. The Lantos Foundation for Human Rights & Justice was founded later that year to carry out that wish.^[48] Lantos's daughter, Katrina Lantos Swett, serves as the Foundation's president and CEO.

On September 10, 2011, the Peninsula Humane Society & SPCA officially opened the Tom and Annette Lantos Center for Compassion, located at 1450 Rollins Road in Burlingame, California. The facility was funded with a naming gift in the Lantos's honor by Oracle founder, Larry Ellison, and his wife, Melanie.^[49]

• Tom Lantos Tunnels south of San Francisco have been named after the late Congressman, as has a street in Netanya, Israel.
• BBYO, Inc. (formerly B'nai B'rith Youth Organization) chapter honored Tom Lantos's legacy by naming the chapter in his honor. Lantos AZA #2539 now thrives in the Rockville, Maryland, area.

Budapest named a promenade in the city in honor of Lantos in 2016.^[50]

Lantos received the Grand Cross, Hungary's highest civilian honor.^[51]

Congressional scorecards[edit]

See also

• Profile at Vote Smart^{[all links dead]}

Project Vote Smart provides the following results from congressional scorecards.^[52]

• American Civil Liberties Union – 91% for 2005–2006
• Americans for Democratic Action – 100% for 2006
• American Land Rights Association – 9% for 2006
• Americans for Tax Reform – 0% for 2006
• Animal Welfare Institute Compassion Index – 100% for 2007
• AFL–CIO – 100% in 2006
• Campaign for America's Future – 100% for 2005–2006
• Conservative Index (John Birch Society) – 11% for fall 2004
• Children's Defense Fund – 100% for 2006
• Drug Policy Alliance – 83% for 2006
• Drum Major Institute – 100% for 2005
• Family Research Council – 0% for 2006
• FreedomWorks – 0% for 2006
• Gun Owners of America – 0% for 2006
• Humane Society of the United States – 100% for 2005–2006
• League of Conservation Voters – 92% for 2006
• NARAL Pro-Choice America – 100% for 2006
• National Association of Wheat Growers – 37% for 2005
• National Education Association – 100% for 2005–2006
• National Federation of Independent Business – 14% for 2005–2006
• National Journal – Composite liberal score of 86.2% for 2006
• National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws – 20 for 2006
• National Organization for Women – 95% for 2005–2006
• National Rifle Association – F for 2006
• National Right to Life Committee – 0% for 2005–2006
• National Taxpayers Union – 10% for 2006
• Population Connection – 100% for 2006
• Republican Liberty Caucus – 16% for 2005
• Secular Coalition for America – 70% on 2006 scorecards^[53]
• United States Chamber of Commerce – 33% for 2006

Controversies[edit]

During a 1996 congressional inquiry into the Filegate scandal, Lantos told witness Craig Livingstone that "with an infinitely more distinguished public record than yours, Admiral Boorda committed suicide when he may have committed a minor mistake". Boorda, the Chief of Naval Operations, had taken his own life after his right to wear Combat V decorations had been questioned. Lantos was criticized by some (including fellow Congressman Joe Scarborough) for this comment.^[54]

On May 3, 2000, Lantos was involved in an automobile accident while driving on Capitol Hill. He drove over a young boy's foot and then failed to stop his vehicle and was later fined over the incident for inattentive driving.^[55]

In 2002, Lantos, who was on the House Committee on International Affairs, took Colette Avital, a Labor Party member of the Israeli Knesset, by the hand and, according to Haaretz, tried to reassure her with these words: "My dear Colette, don't worry. You won't have any problem with Saddam. We'll be rid of the bastard soon enough. And in his place we'll install a pro-Western dictator, who will be good for us and for you."^[56] He later denied saying this, but Avital confirmed it, according to Ben Terrall, an adviser to Maad H. Abu-Ghazalah, a Libertarian Party candidate who ran against Lantos that year.^{[citation needed]}

In June 2007, Lantos called former German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder a "political prostitute" at the dedication ceremony of the Victims of Communism Memorial, which caused a political backlash from the German government. Lantos was referring to Schröder's ties to energy business in Russia, and remarked that this appellation would offend prostitutes.^[57]

In October 2007, Dutch parliament members said Lantos insulted them while discussing the War on Terror by stating that the Netherlands had to help the United States because it liberated them in World War II, while adding that "Europe was not as outraged by Auschwitz as by Guantanamo Bay."^[58]

On January 6, 2008, FBI whistleblower Sibel Edmonds included Lantos's photograph among others featured in the "State Secrets Privilege Gallery" posted on her website, composing images of figures considered to be relevant to her case.^[59] On August 8, 2009, she gave sworn testimony about Lantos and others during a witness deposition before the Ohio Elections Commission in the Schmidt v. Krikorian case, in which she alleged that he had engaged in "[N]ot only ... bribe[ry], but also ... disclosing highest level protected U.S. intelligence and weapons technology information both to Israel and to Turkey. ... other very serious criminal conduct."^[60][61]

Electoral history[edit]

California's 11th congressional district: Results 1980–1990^[62]

Year		Democratic	Votes	Pct		Republican	Votes	Pct		3rd Party	Party	Votes	Pct		3rd Party	Party	Votes	Pct
1980		Tom Lantos	85,823	46%		Bill Royer	80,100	43%		Wilson Branch	Peace and Freedom	13,723	7%		William S. Wade, Jr.	Libertarian	3,816	2%	*
1982		Tom Lantos	109,812	57%		Bill Royer	76,462	40%		Chuck Olson	Libertarian	2,920	2%		Wilson Branch	Peace and Freedom	1,928	1%	*
1984		Tom Lantos	147,607	70%		Jack Hickey	59,625	28%		Nicholas W. Kudrovzeff	American Independent	3,883	2%
1986		Tom Lantos	112,380	74%		Bill Quraishi	39,315	26%
1988		Tom Lantos	145,484	71%		Bill Quraishi	50,050	24%		Bill Wade	Libertarian	4,683	2%		Victor Martinez	Peace and Freedom	2,906	1%	*
1990		Tom Lantos	105,029	66%		Bill Quraishi	45,818	29%		June R. Genis	Libertarian	8,518	5%

*Write-in and minor candidate notes: In 1980, Nicholas W. Kudrovzeff, American Independent Party, received 1,550 votes (1%). In 1982, Nicholas W. Kudrovzeff, American Independent Party, received 1,250 votes (1%). In 1988, Nicholas W. Kudrovzeff, American Independent Party, received 1,893 votes (1%).

California's 12th congressional district: Results 1992–2006^[62]

Year		Democratic	Votes	Pct		Republican	Votes	Pct		3rd Party	Party	Votes	Pct		3rd Party	Party	Votes	Pct
1992		Tom Lantos	157,205	69%		Jim Tomlin	53,278	23%		Mary Weldon	Peace and Freedom	10,142	4%		George O'Brien	Libertarian	7,782	3%
1994		Tom Lantos	118,408	67%		Deborah Wilder	57,228	33%
1996		Tom Lantos	149,049	72%		Storm Jenkins	49,276	24%		Christopher V.A. Schmidt	Libertarian	6,111	3%		Richard Borg	Natural Law	3,472	2%
1998		Tom Lantos	128,135	74%		Robert Evans, Jr.	36,562	21%		Michael J. Moloney	Libertarian	8,515	5%
2000		Tom Lantos	158,404	75%		Mike Garza	44,162	21%		Barbara J. Less	Libertarian	6,431	3%		Rifkin Young	Natural Law	3,559	2%
2002		Tom Lantos	105,597	68%		Michael Moloney	38,381	25%		Maad H. Abu-Ghazalah	Libertarian	11,006	7%
2004		Tom Lantos	171,852	68%		Mike Garza	52,593	21%		Pat Gray	Green	23,038	9%		Harland Harrison	Libertarian	5,116	2%
2006		Tom Lantos	138,650	76%		Michael Moloney	43,674	24%

See also[edit]

• Biography portal

• List of Jewish members of the United States Congress
• List of United States Congress members who died in office

References[edit]

1. ^ "Tom Lantos Dies". Associated Press. 2008-02-11. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Rep. Tom Lantos of California, the only Holocaust survivor ever to serve in Congress, died early Monday morning, his spokeswoman said.
2. ^ Lantos, stricken with cancer, to retire at the end of the year San Francisco Chronicle, January 2, 2008; retrieved January 2, 2008.
3. ^ Simon, Richard (January 3, 2008). "California's Lantos says cancer will prevent another House run". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 16, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
4. ^ Louis Sandy Maisel; et al. (2001). Jews in American Politics. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780742501812. Retrieved May 21, 2011. "The only Holocaust survivor to serve in the United States Congress, Tom Lantos was born February 1, 1928, in Budapest. Just 16 years old when the Nazis invaded Hungary, Lantos was active in the underground resistance, before he was imprisoned in a Nazi labor camp in Hungary."
5. ^ Representative Nancy Pelosi, "The World Lost One Of Its Greatest Champions Of Human Rights" on YouTube video, 7 min.
6. ^ "Bono Remembers the Honorable Tom Lantos" on YouTube video clip, 2 minutes
7. ^ Jump up to:^a b "Tom Lantos Institute set up in Budapest", Politics.hu, May 2, 2011
8. ^ Thomas Fields-Meyer. "Second Start". People.com. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
9. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d Tom Lantos biography, biography.com; accessed May 27, 2015.
10. ^ Jewish Survivor Tom Lantos Testimony, USC Shoah Foundation; accessed August 26, 2016.
11. ^ Janine Zacharia. "Lantos's list". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on January 21, 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-15. Born in Hungary in 1928 to assimilated Jewish parents, he escaped from a forced-labor brigade, joined the resistance, and was eventually, with his later-to-be-wife Annette, among the tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews rescued by the Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg.
12. ^ "Congressman Lantos Commemorates Liberation of Budapest Ghetto" Archived 2011-10-16 at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Dept. of State, 2006
13. ^ Steves, Rick. Rick Steves' Budapest, Public Affairs publ. (2009) pp. 72-73
14. ^ Lantos profile, cnn.com, February 11, 2008; accessed November 19, 2014.
15. ^ Agnes Ethel Lantos naturalization info, ancestry.com; accessed June 28, 2016.
16. ^ Timmerman, Kenneth R. Countdown to crisis: the coming nuclear showdown with Iran, Random House (2005)
17. ^ Edward Epstein (January 1, 2007). "Lantos the master storyteller, communicator". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
18. ^ "Tom Lantos for Congress". Archived from the original on December 27, 2007. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
19. ^ Pankratz, Howard (April 11, 2008). "Denver inventor Dick dies after crash". The Denver Post.
20. ^ Timber Dick, a former city council candidate, dies, Rocky Mountain News, April 11, 2008.
21. ^ "Project Vote Smart: Tom Lantos". Votesmart.org. Retrieved 2010-06-15.
22. ^ "Yahoo Criticized in Case of Jailed Dissident". The New York Times. Associated Press. November 7, 2007. Retrieved 2009-04-19. 'While technologically and financially you are giants, morally you are pygmies', Tom Lantos, Democrat of California and chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, said angrily after hearing from the two executives, Jerry Yang, the chief executive, and Michael J. Callahan, the general counsel.
23. ^ Aleza Goldsmith (October 4, 2002). "Arab-American challenges Lantos in three-way race". Jewish Bulletin of Northern California. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
24. ^ "PRO-CHOICE AMERICANS PAY TRIBUTE TO REPRESENTATIVE TOM LANTOS' LEGACY OF LEADERSHIP" Archived 2016-08-08 at the Wayback Machine, NARAL: Pro-Choice America, February 11, 2008.
25. ^ Edward Epstein (December 7, 2005). "Bay Area: Recreation area about to get bigger: Historic rancho near Devil's Slide a deal at $15 million". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
26. ^ "Bush signs Lantos' open space bill". San Mateo Daily Journal. December 22, 2005. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
27. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d "Tom Lantos, 80, Is Dead; Longtime Congressman", New York Times, Feb. 12, 2008
28. ^ "Bush inks Jewish bill by Lantos". San Francisco Chronicle. October 19, 2004. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
29. ^ Jump up to:^a b Opening Statement by Chairman Lantos at hearing With General Petraeus and Ambassador Crocker Archived 2015-10-18 at the Wayback Machine, September 10, 2007; accessed November 18, 2014.
30. ^ Jump up to:^a b Clifford Krauss (January 12, 1992). "Congressman Says Girl Was Credible". The New York Times. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
31. ^ "Deception on Capitol Hill". The New York Times. January 15, 1992. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
32. ^ ProQuest Historical Newspapers, The New York Times [1851-2007], p. A-20)
33. ^ Alison Mitchell (October 4, 2002). "Threats and Responses: the Congressional Resolution; Lawmakers Begin Push to Give Bush Authority on Iraq". The New York Times.
34. ^ Lantos, Tom. "I Am Disappointed in the President's Alleged New Plan for Iraq", The Hill, Jan. 12, 2007
35. ^ "PELOSI — 'America Is More True to Its Founding Ideals Because Tom Lantos Chose to Call This Land His Home'", Nancy Pelosi, at Democraticleader.gov Feb. 12, 2008
36. ^ Jim Doyle (April 28, 2006). "Five members of Congress arrested over Sudan protest". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
37. ^ "Letter of Lantos, titled "The Arrest Of Hungarian Intellectual Miklós Duray By The Government Of Czechoslovakia"". US Congressional Record. Retrieved 2008-03-25.
38. ^ "Official Letter from Tom Lantos to Vojislav Kostunica". Congress of the United States, Committee on International Relations. Archived from the original on 2005-11-19. Retrieved 2008-03-25.
39. ^ "Official Letter from Tom Lantos to Robert Fico" (PDF). Congress of the United States, Committee on Foreign affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-04-09. Retrieved 2008-03-25.
40. ^ "Chairman of U.S. Foreign Affairs Committee Calls on Slovakian Prime Minister to disavow Beneš decrees, ensure justice for Hungarian minority". Washington, D.C.: Hungarian-American Coalition. October 22, 2007. Archived from the original on October 13, 2008. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
41. ^ "Honoring Congressman Tom Lantos". The American Hungarian Federation. 2008-06-12. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
42. ^ "Lantos: Withhold aid to Lebanon until troops secure border", Haaretz, August 27, 2006.
43. ^ "Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives. "U.S. Policy Challenges in North Africa" Archived 2012-12-13 at the Wayback Machine. Serial No. 110-76, June 6, 2007, pp. 1–2; accessed March 21, 2010.
44. ^ Shaun Bishop (January 17, 2008). "Lantos endorses Speier as 'our best candidate'". Insidebayarea.com. Retrieved 2010-06-15.
45. ^ "Rep. Tom Lantos of California dies at 80". CNN. 2008-02-11. Retrieved 2010-06-15.
46. ^ "Funeral: Tom Lantos (2008)". NNDb.com. Retrieved 2010-06-15.
47. ^ [1], George W. Bush awards Tom Lantos posthumous freedom medal, georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov; accessed November 18, 2014.
48. ^ "The Foundation — Lantos Foundation". Lantosfoundation.org. Retrieved 2016-06-28.
49. ^ "New Peninsula Humane Society Opens in Burlingame", burlingame.patch.com, September 9, 2011. Archived March 22, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
50. ^ Shmulovich, Michal (2016-02-05). "Budapest names promenade for late Jewish congressman Tom Lantos". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2016-06-28.
51. ^ "Controversial writer Zsolt Bayer was given one of Hungary's highest national honors, and past recipients are rejecting theirs in protest — Quartz". Qz.com. 2016-09-09. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
52. ^ "Representative Tom Lantos (CA)". vote-smart.org. Project Vote Smart. Retrieved 2014-10-05.
53. ^ "Scorecard for the 109th Congress U.S. House of Representatives". Secular Coalition for America. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
54. ^ George Lardner, Jr, "Panel Sputters; Immunity Vote Fails", The Washington Post, May 14, 1998; retrieved September 11, 1997.
55. ^ Jackie Kucinich, In trouble with the law: run-ins with police are fact of Capitol life Archived 2017-06-30 at the Wayback Machine, The Hill, May 11, 2006; accessed February 15, 2008.
56. ^ Akiva Eldar (September 30, 2002). "They're jumping in head first". Haaretz. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
57. ^ "US Lawmaker's "Prostitute" Remarks Provokes Germany". Deutsche Welle. June 13, 2007. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
58. ^ "Dutch lawmakers offended by Rep. Lantos", USA Today, Oct. 27, 2007
59. ^ "Sibel Edmonds Launches 'State Secrets Privilege Gallery'". History Commons. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
60. ^ "Case No. 2009E-003" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-09. Retrieved 2018-11-28.
61. ^ Brad Friedman (October 21, 2009). "FBI Whistleblower: Hastert, Burton, Blunt, Other Members of Congress 'Bribed, Blackmailed'". Huffington Post. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
62. ^ Jump up to:^a b "Election Statistics". Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives. Archived from the original on 2008-07-30. Retrieved 2008-01-10.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tom Lantos.

• Appearances on C-SPAN

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Author:Tom Lantos

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Congressman Tom Lantos' Remarks on the 25th Anniversary of the Tragedy at Jonestown and the Death of Congressman Leo Ryan

Wikiquote has quotations related to Tom Lantos.

• "Lantos, Thomas Peter". Federal Bureau of Investigation. October 21, 2010. Archived from the original on October 13, 2014. Freedom of Information request on death threats against Tom Lantos.
• "Congressman Tom Lantos Dies" on YouTube, video, Associated Press News, February 11, 2008
• Congressional hearings 15 video clips
• Tom Lantos at IMDb
• Profile, SourceWatch.org at the Library of Congress Web Archives (archived 2008-08-14)
• Akiva Eldar (September 30, 2002). "They're jumping in head first". Haaretz.
• Janine Zacharia (April 20, 2001). "Lantos' D.C. office is a living tribute to Wallenberg". Jewish Bulletin of Northern California. Jerusalem Post Service.
• Lantos set to retire after 27 years in public office, Canadian Hungarian Journal
• Finding Aid to the Tom Lantos Papers, 1944-2008, The Bancroft Library

===







톰 란토스トム・ラントス
출처 : 무료 백과 사전 "Wikipedia (Wikipedia)"

톰 란토스

토마스 피터 "톰" 란토스 (Thomas Peter "Tom" Lantos, 1928년 2월 1일 - 2008년 2월 11일 ) ^[1] 는 미국 의 정치인. 헝가리 이름, 란토시 페텔 타마쉬(Lantos Péter Tamás).

헝가리 부다페스트 에서 태어난 유태계 미국인이며 홀로코스트 의 생존이기도 하다. 전시중은 강제 수용소를 탈주해, 라울·워렌버그 에 의해 제공된 은신처를 거점으로 반나치 저항 조직으로 활동. 전후, 1946년 에 부다페스트 대학 에 입학. 나중에 유대인 단체의 장학금을 얻어 미국에 초대되어 시애틀 의 워싱턴 대학 에 유학. 이 대학에서 학사 학위와 석사 학위를 받은 후, 캘리포니아 대학 버클리 학교 에서 경제학 박사 학위를 취득했다.

캘리포니아주 제12선거구 선출로, 1981년 부터 미국 하원 의원을 맡는다. 민주당 소속. 하원 외교위원회 의 위원장을 맡았다.

인물 [ 편집 ]

이 절은 검증 가능한 참고 문헌이나 출처가 전혀 나타나지 않았거나 불충분합니다. 출처를 추가하여 기사의 신뢰성 향상에 도움을 주세요. ( 이 템플릿  을 사용 하는  방법  ) 출처 검색 ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _                _ _ _

구 일본군의 위안부 문제 에 대해 중국 과 한국 이 주장하는 '강제연행설'을 전제로 하고 미국 하원에서의 결의안을 뒷받침하고 있었다. 또 중화인민공화국 의 인권침해 에 대한 비난결의에 찬동한 적도 있어 인권파라고도 한다 .

1990년 10월 10일, 스스로가 설립한 미국 국회의회 인권위원회에서, 「나이라」라는 소녀를 초청해 이라크의 만행을 증언(나이라 증언)시켰지만, 후에 쿠웨이트측의 날조 증언 과 발각 했다.

2007년 아르메니아인 학살 에 관한 미국 하원 결의 때는 위원장을 맡아 지난 1세기 정도 전 사건을 제노사이드라고 단정 했다 . 이 결의에 대해서는 터키 정부로부터 격렬한 반발을 받고, 또 미국 정부나 역대 국무장관들도 의회에 결의를 보낼 것을 서한을 보내고 있었다[2 ^] .

자세한 것은 「아르메니아인 학살」을 참조

북한 에 대해서는 소프트랜딩은 가능하다는 사고의 소유자로, 2005년 8월 에는 공화당 의 짐 리치 와 함께 방북하고 있다. 란토스는 전부터 부시 정권 에 대해 ‘양자간 대화·미·조 국교 정상화’를 강하게 촉구했다. 방북에 동행한 리치는 헨리 키신저 와 로버트 제릭 으로 대표되는 국무성 과 기맥을 통한 공화당 좌파이다.

부시 정권의 중동 정책에 대해서는 조지 부시 대통령 이나 네오콘 세력 과 가까운 일면이 있어, 2002년 에는 정치적 신념을 180도 달라야 할 톰 딜레이 공화당 하원원 내 간사와 합쳐, 팔레스타인 의 야셀・아라파트 전 의장의 미국 입국 금지를 주도, 이라크 에의 무력 행사를 가능하게 하는 결의도 적극 추진했다.

식도암 때문에 2008년 차기 하원선에는 출마하지 않고 정계은퇴를 발표했지만 2월 11일 사망 했다 .

사후 2008년 의회 인권위원회는 "톰 란토스 인권위원회( en:Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission )"로 개명되었다. 이 위원회는 2011년 11월 3일에 티베트의 인권탄압에 대해 공청회를 열고 있다 ^[3] .

티베트 문제 참조

관련 항목 [ 편집 ]

나이라 증언 - 걸프 전쟁 의 선전

각주 [ 편집 ]

1. ↑ “AP News Alert” . Associated Press . (2008년 2월 11일) . "Rep. Tom Lantos of California, the only Holocaust survivor ever to serve in Congress, died early Monday morning, his spokeswoman said."
2. ↑ 산케이 신문 2007년 10월 17일 기사. 후루모리 요시히 사
3. ↑ [1] 산케이 신문 2011년 11월 5일 기사. 후루모리 요시히 사 기사.

외부 링크 [ 편집 ]

위키미디어 커먼즈에는 톰 란토스와 관련된 카테고리가 있습니다.

• 톰 란토스

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