2021-08-21

No Surrender: My Thirty-Year War eBook : Onoda, Hiroo, Charles S. Terry: Amazon.com.au: Kindle Store

No Surrender: My Thirty-Year War eBook : Onoda, Hiroo, Charles S. Terry: Amazon.com.au: Kindle Store

No Surrender: My Thirty-Year War Kindle Edition
by Hiroo Onoda  (Author), Charles S. Terry (Translator)  Format: Kindle Edition
4.6 out of 5 stars    436 ratings
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In the spring of 1974, Second Lieutenant Hiroo Onoda of the Japanese army made world headlines when he emerged from the Philippine jungle after a thirty-year ordeal. Hunted in turn by American troops, the Philippine police, hostile islanders, and successive Japanese search parties, Onoda had skillfully outmaneuvered all his pursuers, convinced that World War II was still being fought and that one day his fellow soldiers would return victorious. This account of those years is an epic tale of the will to survive that offers a rare glimpse of man's invincible spirit, resourcefulness, and ingenuity. A hero to his people, Onoda wrote down his experiences soon after his return to civilization. This book was translated into English the following year and has enjoyed an approving audience ever since.

226 pages
4 December 2013
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Top reviews from Australia
Paul
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent book
Reviewed in Australia on 26 August 2019
Verified Purchase
I loved this book. I come across the story of Hiroo Onada while browsing the internet, I was intersted to know a little more, so got this on the Kindle.... I couldn't stop reading it.

It is written by the man himself and starts with a nice background of his life leading up to the war in both Japan and China, and a bit if the military training he undertook. It moves onto story of being assigned a mission which leads into the story of how he become holdout with a few other soldiers at the end of the war, believing the war was still going and that airdropped pamphlets and newspapers were propaganda. It was very interesting to learn of their reasoning and the mindset of a Imperial Japanese soldier at the time. A favourite chapter was called Jungle Life which goes into detail of how he survived; what he used for clothes, shelter and for food and that sort of stuff.

The book was written in the 1970s, not long after he surrendered, which is the only downside, I really would have liked to have known how he adapted to life following his 30 year war.

Excellent book, I look forward to reading this again sometime.
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Top reviews from other countries
David Brookes
4.0 out of 5 stars No Surrender
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 30 November 2012
Verified Purchase
This is an amazing story. It covers the man's early life and indoctrination by the military (if you want to call it that), instilling in him the crazy devotion that sees him struggling in the Phillipines for 30 years.

Although the events in the book aren't all that exciting (mainly it's a 30 year survival story, not a 30 year war) his blind dedication is the most interesting elemtent, and as such this is a fascinating insight into the mind of someone who convinces himself thoroughly that he isn't wasting his life.

You could consider this incredibly stupid or true devotion - it's probably a bit of both.

Well worth a read.

7.5 / 10

David Brookes
Author of 'Half Discovered Wings'
3 people found this helpful
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Eadweard
Feb 22, 2013Eadweard rated it it was amazing
Shelves: japanese, non-fiction, memoires-diaries-letters, non-fiction-read, military-war
I read this in one sitting, I couldn't put it down.

Five stars because of how crazy it sounds, it sounds like fiction, and the thing is, he wasn't unique, others like him also held out for years. I didn't know what to feel, I felt pity, I felt awe (perhaps a strong word?) and I also found myself feeling frustrated. How can someone be so fanatically deluded? With all the leaflets, radio broadcasts, search parties, how can you still believe it's all a plot by the enemy?

Amazing read. I believe he died last year or the year before, what a man.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=jueo8tI0y2k (less)
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Krista Claudine Baetiong
Dec 06, 2015Krista Claudine Baetiong rated it liked it
Shelves: author-asia, non-fiction, period-world-war-ii
This is the memoir of Hiroo Onoda, a Japanese soldier who was sent to Lubang Island in the Philippines during World War II and held out there for the next thirty years in the belief that the war was still ongoing.

When Japan began its rescue missions for their holdout soldiers several years after the war, Onoda thought of these efforts as mere American propaganda and evaded contact. He continued to do his war duties even after his comrades’ death, “surrendering” only in 1974 after he was finally served an order of dismissal by his former commanding officer. Hiroo Onoda was one of Japan’s last World War II holdout soldiers.

This book offers an interesting insight about his passion to his duty, which is an act of honor to his Emperor and country. Even when he was initially conflicted by the big difference between guerrilla warfare (to which he was assigned) and their usual open combat that embraces the Bushido Code, he had accepted his task without reservation. He was astute, diligent, and adaptive—cunning, too, which helped reinforce his jungle survival skills. I think a big percentage of his survival had to do with the abundance of food and water in Lubang forests, and the other essentials he and his comrades had procured (or pilfered to be frank) from the lowland residents. That, and his strong commitment to stand fast to his soldierly duties against all odds.

I first heard about Onoda from a brief discussion in History class, and later on, from a local TV documentary. While he became some sort of a wartime hero and celebrity in his own hometown, I don’t think he got the same worship treatment here, especially in Lubang where there were numerous complaints of the atrocities he had committed against unarmed civilians during his holdout years. He did not mention this in his book.
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Benjamin Brown
Mar 21, 2012Benjamin Brown rated it it was amazing
This book was a random find of my brother's in a random antique shop's book sale. I read it on the flight home and I could not stop dreaming of the jungle for days afterward. I've been interested in WWII since I was a small child, visiting museums and such, but often reading books concerned more with the vast strategic overview of the war...so naturally my familiarity with first-hand accounts was very low. THIS is the book that will explain the near-insane loyalty and tenacity of the individual Japanese soldier during the war. This book reminds me of a young adult style survival story in the way of The Hatchet or My Side of the Mountain, the kind that many American children routinely consume in middle school, except for the socio-political background which brings the entire affair to insane-o-ville. I find that I really respect Onoda. His story delves deeply into the mental state of a survivalist-warrior. Required reading for those who like the topic of guerrilla warfare, state-sponsored social engineering, or pure blood-and-guts stoies of naked determination. This is what nationalism, intelligence, and pure chutzpah can result in. Damn. (less)
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Aussie
Oct 19, 2008Aussie rated it really liked it
Onoda's story is well known and his book documents the events in straightforward fashion. It's a good read, but where the (western) reader will feel short-changed is in the lack of an adequate explanation of how Japanese military discipline produced such a warped result. The strange and vain efforts of the Japanese government to bring Onoda out of the jungle will also leave readers scratching their heads. Still, it's a terrific tale that gives some insight into a culture that remains a mystery - and I speak as someone who lived in Tokyo for three years. (less)
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مروة الجزائري
Apr 10, 2019مروة الجزائري rated it it was amazing
Shelves: favorites, world-war-i-ii, non-fiction
I can never give enough credit to Onoda for what I've learned from him throughout reading and translating this work of non-fiction into Arabic.

I will write my full review in the Arabic edition inshallah once it's in the market. (less)
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James Clark
Apr 12, 2014James Clark rated it it was amazing
I just finished reading this book about Lt. Hiroo Onoda's 30 year odyssey as a WWII Japanese military officer hold-out on the Island of Lubang in the Philippine Islands. In fact, I was in the U.S. Navy at the time of his final surrender in 1974 and was stationed in Misawa, Japan myself. I directly remember when this happened and I was amazed that there were still holdout soldiers from WWII hiding in the jungles. It made me wonder, at the time, how many other straggler Japanese soldiers there might be from Borneo to Malaysia and all the other islands in the Pacific that might still be holding out like this soldier did...maybe they died from disease, accident or sickness in the ensuing years after Japan's surrender in August, 1945, never knowing that they should come out of hiding to surrender. First of all, I have to say, that I deeply admire this man and his absolute conviction to carry out his orders - no matter what army or ideology such a soldier or military man serves or adheres to, I believe we must respect and honor his loyalty, bravery, absolute commitment to his duty and his country. He went beyond and above the call of duty. As a fellow military man myself, and as an American, I salute Lt. Onoda because he demonstrated the highest caliber of the meaning of "duty" itself as well as being an outstanding officer of his country's military. I do not know if he ever received any official honors for his enduring duty, if he was ever recompensed by Japan for 30 years in the jungles or if the Japanese Government ever took the time to promote him (albeit, after the fact), which I believe they should have done when he returned to Japan in 1974. I lost track of this incident in the following years but never forgot about it. And now, in 2014 I finally get to read his personal story on the matter. Mr. Onoda finally passed away this year in January, 2014 at the age of 91 years old! I came to read his book not only because I had personally experienced this surrender in 1974 while stationed in Japan, but because I have relatives myself who are Japanese (by marriage through my siblings) and it has always seemed that I have had Japanese somewhere in my life associations (my best friend as a child was Japanese-American). I believe that I have, through life experiences, come to at least know something of the Japanese Culture and the mentality, habits, drives and thinking of the Japanese People. In my studies of WWII, I have often wanted to know, "what were the Japanese thinking?" I wanted to hear "the other side of the story" from fighting men - I wanted to know the personal thoughts, drives and motives that made the Japanese a fierce military fighting machine. I realize that in EVERY war, the goal of governments is to dehumanize the enemy - even more so, if the enemy is the one who started the conflict. Yet, we must ALL remember...the Japanese are not just a product of their culture and traditions but they TOO, are human beings. And while their culture might demand of them Bushido thinking, under all the layers of culture, lies a human being who has all the needs that we do - the need for safety, food, shelter, respect, dignity, equity and most of all, love. When we go to war we know we have to kill an enemy in compliance with our orders and our duty to our own country, regardless - and if we think we are killing an enemy and not a human being, it makes it easier to carry out that duty. Lt. Onoda was a human being, ONE OF US, in the human race. But he was also a product of his culture and his times. What clearly comes through all the pages of his book is that he was thoroughly and completely dedicated to his duty right on up to the day he surrendered in 1974. In this regard, we can completely understand the terrible difficulties we faced in WWII against hundreds of thousands of like-minded Japanese soldiers...anyone who reads this book can then better understand what American and other allied troops faced in battles like Guadalcanal, Saipan, Iwo Jima, Guam, Okinawa or in the Philippines. This book not only reveals the determination of the common Japanese soldier, but reflects the mind of the Japanese People, then AND today as well. This book reads like a Robinson Caruso rendition, the day-to-day struggle to survive in the jungles, alone, without any contact from friendly outsiders that one could trust. Yes, several search parties and many other attempts were made to convince the three main hold-outs to come out and surrender - but in reading the book, we can understand why they refused. Lt. Onoda's orders commanded him to hold out, as a secret intelligence gathering soldier...and as Lt. Onoda admits many times in the book, it was easy, to twist evidence to their own narrow and tiny boxed-in thinking, mainly because they refused to hear facts or recognize the truths presented to them multiple times in multiple ways to convince them to surrender. I suggest that anyone who considers themselves to be a war historian or anyone who has any interest in WWII in the Pacific, to read this book carefully and slowly and to follow it in reference to battles, tactics and underlying thinking of "What were the Japanese thinking." I recommend this book highly to anyone who has the slightest intention of ever understanding the Japanese mind, especially, the Japanese military mind. I also recommend this book to anyone who thinks we should not have dropped the atomic bomb on Japan - because, if the millions of Japanese soldiers readying themselves for the invasion of Japan in 1945 were anything at all, like Lt. Hiroo Onoda, there is no doubt we would have lost 1,000,000+ allied soldiers in the offensive action. The fight to take Okinawa, the 100 days it took to take Okinawa and the ferocious defense the Japanese Army took to stand against overwhelming allied forces to take Okinawa, is all too real evidence that we had to drop the bomb...unfortunate as that is. Now, in 2014, it is too late to go back and ask those remaining few who might still be alive, to write similar work as this. We do not often hear what our old foe had to say because every distant drum beat has come from America and our victory - drowning out the voices of the past that there was another side to that war - one I think we never wanted to hear. This book lets us hear a tiny portion. PS - I abhor the war crimes and atrocities committed by the Japanese military all over Asia. I condemn those crimes as I would any crime like them, then or since. Yet, Lt. Onoda (according to his account) was not involved in those crimes and did not make decisions that lead to their commitment. I see Onoda as one lone soldier, carrying out his official duty as any good soldier in any army would have done. (less)
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Joshua Sussman
Jul 10, 2013Joshua Sussman rated it really liked it
Really enjoyed this book. What an amazingly interesting story. It's an autobiography/ memoir, so it's hard to comment on the validity, but there are certainly parts where I did hit my forehead in disbelief that a person would interpret their surroundings the way Hiroo did and be so stubborn as to not come out of the jungle.

Overall though, I really liked it.

Also wished the ending went further into his re-assimilation back into modern Japanese society. (less)
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Philipp
Apr 26, 2013Philipp rated it liked it
Shelves: war, japan
What a strange, strange story. Onoda was trained in guerilla warfare by the Japanese army and had been sent to a small island in the Philippines to fight the war against the Americans. Unusual for Japanese soldiers, he had been explicitly forbidden from committing suicide and had been allowed to be captured. His orders were to cause mayhem until the Japanese army would sent explicit orders or would come to pick him up. That never happened, so he stayed for 30 years until a student found him in 1974.

The book becomes most interesting when he describes his mental acrobatics to keep on fighting - other Japanese often came looking for him, dropped leaflets on the island, called for him via speakers, but he always found some minor mistake or flaw to convince him that these people were impostors sent by the enemy to trap him. Newspapers saying that the war was lost with pictures of Japanese in their cities were obvious fakes - if Japan had lost, all Japanese people, including children and women, would have died fighting! It didn't really help either that the Philippine army used the island to train bombing runs (genius idea - train where you know that there are still guerillas hiding) - what would you think if you were stuck in an imagined war, but the planes dropping bombs were real?

He never got the official order to stand down, so he never stopped fighting, which he did by terrorizing the poor islanders, burning their rice, shooting at them, stealing from them.

Sadly, the autobiography is slightly insincere. Onoda describes shooting in the general direction of people and never mentions whether he actually hit someone, but Wikipedia says he killed several islanders.

Onoda died just 5 months ago. This book seems to have been forgotten since it came out in the 70s - I got it for a dollar at the Lifeline bookfest.

Recommended for: 1) People who are into survivor manuals. Want to know how to store ammunition in the jungle? Collect the bullets in a glass bottle, put coconut oil on the bullet to prevent rusting, close the bottle with a steel cap to prevent rats from eating the coconut oil! You're welcome! (The book has helpful drawings too)
2) People interested in reading about how your psychology can bend your reality
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Gillyz
Jul 07, 2019Gillyz rated it really liked it
This is the most absurd true story I've ever heard of. Onoda was sent to a Philippine's Island in 1944 during the WWII to perform a secret mission.

After the island was attacked by Americans, he and a few others went to hide in the jungle. Onoda was supposed to lead the men based on guerrilla warfare strategies and that's what he did.

The only problem is that after the war was over, he continued fighting and hiding in the jungle. Many people, including his family were sent to tell him the war was over, but he thought it was only the enemy's strategy to make him and his comrades come down from the mountains and make them war prisoners or worse.

His comrades were killed one by one, by Philippines' police or by locals who were tired of being sacked, attacked, and terrorized by the Japanese military.
Onoda fought until 1974 believing the WWII was still an ongoing event. (less)
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Tracy St Claire
Mar 01, 2014Tracy St Claire rated it it was amazing  ·  review of another edition
Hold onto your hats, people. You are in 2014, and your books are all about vampires, the internet, sex, post-apocalyptic survival, global warming, zombies, 1st world problems and all that. Put it away. We're going 40 years back to 1974, to the Philippines and a true adventure so fantastic that you won't believe it. A Japanese soldier from WWII who never got the memo, still fighting with guns-a-blazing for the Japanese cause. It would be funny in a "Ripley's Believe it or Not" sort of way if he wasn't still killing people and stealing livestock all the way into 1974. SEVENTY-FOUR.

It isn't like no one knew he was there. The Philippine authorities had been yelled loudly for some time... er. ..nearly 30 years. Efforts to rein in Hiroo and his troops... it is a great story with amazing details. There are quite a few astounding WWII stories that you should know, and this is one of the last of them. On my top 100, and that is saying something.

After the book, read the Wiki on this guy to find out what happened after he saw Japan after his 30-year war.

Your No Surrender task? Try to find this book. (less)
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Andrew
Jul 24, 2013Andrew rated it liked it
Shelves: world-war-two
This book is not a difficult read. It is a story told very simply and without flourish by Hiroo Onoda, a Japanese soldier who continued fighting WWII until 1974! The book is a testimony to man's capacity to determinedly believe a worldview despite all evidence to the contrary. Onoda explained away multiple newspaper and radio reports, communications by search parties and even broadcasted speeches by his own family telling him the war was over because he could not conceive of a Japanese surrender ...more
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Alecia
Jul 30, 2018Alecia rated it really liked it
Incredibly fascinating and surpassed my expectations! I am not typically into military anything, so I went in a little nervous I wouldn’t enjoy the writing. After getting passed a few chapter filled with military jargon, I was hooked. The only reason I didn’t give it 5 stars is because I’m incredibly disappointed be didn’t go into readjusting to society. 30 years in the jungle and then nothing in what shocked him, what he struggled with, etc- that could have been another 50+ pages!
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Hanna
Nov 13, 2008Hanna rated it it was amazing
What this man did to survive so long in the freakin' jungle is insane. Loyalty to a fault - endearing and crazy at the same time. If anyone is interested in the Japanese psyche or of WWII from the Japanese point of view this is a great book. (less)
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Pat Schakelvoort
Feb 25, 2009Pat Schakelvoort rated it it was amazing
Shelves: asia
Classic guerilla story about a Japanese soldier who is send to an Philipine island to conduct secret warfare. The ordinary officers act snooty and arrogant when Onoda wanted to conduct guerilla tactic. The others all got killed and Onoda survived for 30 years in the jungle.
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일 패전병 「오노다」소위 30년만에 루방도서 투항
중앙일보
입력 1974.03.11 00:00

지면보기
【루방도(필리핀) 10일 = 외신종합】 태평양전쟁의 일본군 패잔병 「오노다·히로오」(52) 소위가 그의 52세 생일날인 10일 30년 동안 숨어살던 「필리핀」의 「루방」도 「정글」속에서 일본 및 「필리핀」의 합동 수색대에 의해 극적으로 구출됐다.「제2의 요꼬이」인 「오노다」전 일본군국소위는 이날 그의 전 직속장관인 전 일본군 소좌 「다니구찌·요시미」씨가 내보인 「투항명령서」를 보고 「우라베·도시오」 일본대사 입회 아래 「필리핀」공군 사령관 「호세·랑쿠도」소장에 정식으로 투항했다.「오노다」소위는 합동수색대원으로 이곳에 온 그의 형인 「오노다·도시오」씨를 본 순간 팔로 어깨를 껴안으면서 『오랫동안 걱정을 끼쳐서 미안하다』고 말했다.「오노다」소위는 현지 진찰을 받은 뒤 「루방」섬을 출발, 11일 상오 「마닐라」에 도착, 「마르코스」「필리핀」대통령도 접견할 예정이다.「오노다」소위는 1944년 일본군 정보학교인 육군 「나까노」학교를 졸업, 「필리핀」에 파견된 뒤 미군이 「루방」도에 상륙했을 때 항복치 않고 밀림 속으로 달아나 저항을 계속 해왔다.당시 그의 상관이었으며 현재 일본 「규우슈」에서 적상을 하고 있는 「다니구찌」씨는 「오노다」에게 그의 부대가 전멸하는 한이 있더라도 투항하지 말라는 명령을 내렸었다.전쟁이 끝나고 그 같은 명령을 내린 것을 후회한 「다니구찌」씨는 「루방」도 27개소에 우편함을 설치하고 「히로히또」일본천황의 휴전과 항복명령문을 게시함으로써, 「오노다」를 비롯한 그의 부하들에게 숨어 있는 곳에서 나와 투항하도록 권고했었다.일본정부는 그 동안 「오노다」소위가 생존해있다는 정보에 따라 5차에 걸쳐 현지에 수색대를 파견, 수색했으나 「오노다」소위는 이에 저항, 72년 10월에는 「고즈까·긴시끼」1병과 함께 「필리핀」경찰에 맞서 총격전을 벌이다 「고즈까」1병은 사살되고 그는 도망했었다.그러다 지난 2월20일 「루방」도를 관광 여행하던 일본 청년 「스즈끼·노리오」씨(24)가 「헤베」산 속에서 「오노다」소위를 만나 약15시간동안 얘기도 나누며 30여장의 사진도 찍고 다시 만날 것을 약속했었다.「스즈끼」씨는 「오노다」소위에게 전쟁이 끝났음을 설명했으나 그는 미국의 허위선전이라면서 전쟁 당시 직속상관이던 「다니구찌」소좌의 명령이 없는 한 미군과 계속 싸우겠다고 말했다.「스즈끼」의 보고에 따라 일본 후생성 관리 등 6명의 구출반이 현지에 도착, 1주일간에 걸쳐 수색작업을 벌여 왔다.「오노다」소위는 일본 99식 소총 한 자루와 칼 한 자루·군복 및 몇 점의 옷·취사도구·회전전등·「코피」·사탕·소금 등과 식기 4개와 「트랜지스터·라디오」를 가지고 있었는데 이 「라디오」는 마을에서 훔친 것으로 보인다.한편 「루방」도의 어민과 농부들은 일본 패잔병들이 30년 동안 이 섬에 숨어 있으면서 30명의 섬사람을 죽이고 곡식을 불사르고 약탈해갔다는 불편을 「필리핀」정부에 진정하고 처벌을 요구했다.한편 「오노다」의 어머니 「오노다·다마에」(88) 노파는 아들이 구출된 데 대해 꿈만 같다면서 기쁨을 감추지 못했다.72년 1월 28년만에 「괌」도의 「정글」에서 구출된 일본 패잔병 「요꼬이·쇼오이찌」(58)도 매우 기쁘다면서 두려움에 사로 잡혀있을 「오노다」가 조용한 분위기 속에 마음을 가라앉히도록 보살펴주어야 한다고 말했다.
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わがルバン島の30年戦争 (1974年)


13 global ratings | 5 global reviews
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From Japan
やま
5.0 out of 5 stars 成熟した今の時代にこそ読むべき本
Reviewed in Japan on August 2, 2019
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平和な日本にあって、この人の本を読んでみようと思った訳を述べてみたい。
過去の戦争の功罪について、今さら述べることもないが、この方がいかに任務に忠実に約30年もの間、孤独の戦いをし、生き抜いてきたかの心理面、義務感、責任感、精神力のなんたるかを知りたいと思ったからだ。簡単にここで述べるには、あまりにも難しく、平和な時代に育った者が偉そうに感想を言えるものでないことが痛感された。
人間、極限の中で思いもよらぬ力、精神力を発揮できるものだと思えた。衣食住の艱難辛苦を耐え、ひたすら任務忠実な日本軍少尉の戦い、他人が是非を言えるものでない。しかし、今の日本人は飽食の時代にあって平和を謳歌しているが、大災害や国難に遭遇した場合の動じない不動心、前向きに生き抜くという決意、精神性を学ぶことができまいかと思った次第だ。
当時の時代背景、戦争に突き進んだ日本政府のことはともかく、帰還後の厳しい眼光の小野田さんが、後年、実におだやかな、やさしさに溢れた目に変わられていたことが、なんだか嬉しかった。
日本人の真の生き方の極意を見た思いである。ぜひお勧めしたい良書だ。
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キタ━━━━━━(゚∀゚)━━━━━━ !!
5.0 out of 5 stars 必読
Reviewed in Japan on July 4, 2019
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小野田少尉の凄みが伝わってきます。日時と出来事を頭で記憶していたのも凄い。
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へろ川
5.0 out of 5 stars これは凄い、たぶん人生最高に凄い
Reviewed in Japan on October 4, 2010
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面白いとかいう感覚の本ではない。
極限というか、異常な状況でありながら、小野田さんは強い。
甚だ不謹慎ながら、もし、もう一人でも生き残っていたら、この本の内容に対して、異論が発表されることとなるだろう。
そしてそれは、あんまし歓迎できない。
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八百屋
5.0 out of 5 stars 人生行路
Reviewed in Japan on January 17, 2014
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小野田少尉の30年戦争を読んで、衣食住の全てにおいて耐え難い生活である。食事は空腹でもバナナとヤシ位しか手に入らず。 住まいは数日ごとに移動して自分の所在を隠蔽し、強い雨や風で衣類は破れ寒さに震え。熟睡は出来ず 動物のような生活で眼つき鋭くなり敵の銃弾も飛ぶ方向も発見し、避ける事ができた。日本やフィリピンの捜索隊も敵の偽情報と思った。日本と東亜の繁栄を願って、愛国心に燃えて任務を遂行してきた人である。今の日本人は衣食住が満たされているから世に尽くそうとする精神を学ぶ必要がある。又90歳を超えても尚強い愛国心のある慈善事業を実施されており頭が下がります。2014.年1月
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wasuke
5.0 out of 5 stars 気持ちよく受け取りました
Reviewed in Japan on May 5, 2020
想像していた以上に商品状態が良く、
配送手配も迅速にご対応くださいました。
ありがとうございました!。
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‹ See all details for わがルバン島の30年戦争 (1974年)
===
오노다 히로   한 사람의 30 년 전쟁
1,762 엔 (본체 가격 1,602 엔)
ISBN 4-8083-0535-6
전시 간을 판上製240P
[재고 있음]

30 년의 고독하게 참아 루반구 섬에서 생환 한 오노 전 소위의 자서전.
 조국의 패전을 믿지 않고 필리핀 루방 섬에서 30 년간 "항전"을 계속했다 오노 전 소위의 자서전.
 1974 년 3 월 수색에 온 스즈키 청년과 만나 전 상관의 "투항 명령"에서 생환했을 때 전 세계에 큰 충격을주었습니다. 귀환 후에도 평화 노망 한 일본에 붙이지 않고 브라질로 이주 목장을 경영하고 있습니다 만, 일본에서도 "자연과 인간" "위기 관리"를 주제로 「오노 자연 학원」를 주재 청소년의 육성에 힘 을 넣고 있습니다.
 30 년의 고독으로 태어난 개는 무엇이고, 평화로운 일본 생활에 붙이지 않았던가. 이 전례없는 경험과 인생관은 매우 재미 있고 꼭 일독을 권하고 싶습니다 설명서입니다.
[주요 내용]
브라질에서 맞이한 전후 50 년의 정월, 빚을 짊어지고 살, 오노 목장과 가축 도둑의 것을 스즈키 소년과의 만남, 역사의 우연, 베트남 전쟁, 전 상관으로부터 항복 명령, 안녕히 전장 20 세까지였다 청춘 소집 된 나카노 학교에 운명의 섬 루방 섬, 적병의 상륙 투항 빌라,残置꾀에게 총과蛮刀게릴라 시마다 전사 구호 활동도 모략 믿고 어머니의 편지, 성혼 뉴스도, 옷 수선 및 조달, 라디오 입수, 코즈 카의 전사, 목숨 값 ... 게다가.
===

Hiroo Onoda

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Hiroo Onoda
Onoda-young.jpg
Onoda, c. 1944
Born19 March 1922
Kainan, WakayamaEmpire of Japan
Died16 January 2014 (aged 91)
TokyoJapan
Allegiance Empire of Japan
Service/branch Imperial Japanese Army
Years of service1942–1945 (1974)
RankSecond lieutenant
Battles/warsWorld War II
Other workCattle farmer
Entrepreneur (Education)

Hiroo Onoda (Japanese小野田 寛郎HepburnOnoda Hiroo, 19 March 1922 – 16 January 2014) was an Imperial Japanese Army intelligence officer who fought in World War II and was a Japanese holdout who did not surrender at the war's end in August 1945. After the war ended Onoda spent 29 years hiding out in the Philippines until his former commander travelled from Japan to formally relieve him from duty by order of Emperor Shōwa in 1974.[1][2] He held the rank of second lieutenant in the Imperial Japanese Army. He was the penultimate Japanese soldier to surrender, with Teruo Nakamura surrendering later in 1974.

Early life[edit source]

Onoda was born on 19 March 1922, in Kamekawa VillageKaisō DistrictWakayama Prefecture, Japan. When he was 17 years old, he went to work for the Tajima Yoko trading company in Wuhan, China.[3][4] When he was 18, he was enlisted in the Imperial Japanese Army Infantry.[3]

Military service[edit source]

Hiroo Onoda (right) and his younger brother Shigeo Onoda (1944)

Onoda trained as an intelligence officer in the commando class "Futamata" (二俣分校futamata-bunkō) of the Nakano School. On 26 December 1944, he was sent to Lubang Island in the Philippines.[5] He was ordered to do all he could to hamper enemy attacks on the island, including destroying the airstrip and the pier at the harbor. Onoda's orders also stated that under no circumstances was he to surrender or take his own life.

When he landed on the island, Onoda joined forces with a group of Japanese soldiers who had been sent there previously. The officers in the group outranked Onoda and prevented him from carrying out his assignment, which made it easier for the United States and Philippine Commonwealth forces to take the island when they landed on 28 February 1945. Within a short time of the landing, all but Onoda and three other soldiers had either died or surrendered. Onoda, who had been promoted to lieutenant, ordered the men to take to the hills.

Time in hiding[edit source]

Hiroo Onoda (right) offers his military sword to Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos (left) on the day of his surrender, 11 March 1974.

Onoda continued his campaign as a Japanese holdout, initially living in the mountains of Lubang Island in the Philippines, with three fellow soldiers (Private Yuichi Akatsu, Corporal Shōichi Shimada and Private First Class Kinshichi Kozuka).[6] During his stay, Onoda and his companions carried out guerrilla activities and engaged in several shootouts with the local police.[7]

The first time they saw a leaflet announcing that Japan had surrendered was in October 1945; another cell had killed a cow and found a leaflet left behind by islanders which read: "The war ended on 15 August. Come down from the mountains!"[8] However, they distrusted the leaflet. They concluded that it was Allied propaganda and also believed that they would not have been fired on if the war had indeed been over. Toward the end of 1945, leaflets were dropped by air with a surrender order printed on them from General Tomoyuki Yamashita of the Fourteenth Area Army. To the men who had been in hiding for over six months, this leaflet was the only evidence they had that the war was over. Onoda's group studied the leaflet closely to determine whether it was genuine, and decided it was not.[1][failed verification]

One of the four soldiers, Yuichi Akatsu, walked away from the others in September 1949 and surrendered to Philippine forces in 1950, after six months on his own. This seemed like a security problem to the others and they became even more cautious. In 1952, letters and family pictures were dropped from an aircraft urging them to surrender, but the three soldiers concluded that this was a trick. Shimada was shot in the leg during a shoot-out with local fishermen in June 1953, after which Onoda nursed him back to health. On 7 May 1954, Shimada was killed by a shot fired by a search party looking for the men. Kozuka was killed by two shots fired by local police on 19 October 1972[7] while he and Onoda, as part of their guerrilla activities, were burning rice that had been collected by farmers. Onoda was now alone.

On 20 February 1974, Onoda met a Japanese man, Norio Suzuki, who was traveling around the world, looking for "Lieutenant Onoda, a panda, and the Abominable Snowman, in that order".[4] Suzuki found Onoda after four days of searching. Onoda described this moment in a 2010 interview: "This hippie boy Suzuki came to the island to listen to the feelings of a Japanese soldier. Suzuki asked me why I would not come out...".[1] Onoda and Suzuki became friends, but Onoda still refused to surrender, saying that he was waiting for orders from a superior officer. Suzuki returned to Japan with photographs of himself and Onoda as proof of their encounter, and the Japanese government located Onoda's commanding officer, Major Yoshimi Taniguchi, who had long surrendered and since become a bookseller. Taniguchi went to Lubang Island, and on 9 March 1974, he finally met with Onoda and fulfilled a promise he had made back in 1944: "Whatever happens, we'll come back for you". Taniguchi then issued Onoda the following orders:

  1. In accordance with the Imperial command, the Fourteenth Area Army has ceased all combat activity.
  2. In accordance with military Headquarters Command No. A-2003, the Special Squadron of Staff's Headquarters is relieved of all military duties.
  3. Units and individuals under the command of Special Squadron are to cease military activities and operations immediately and place themselves under the command of the nearest superior officer. When no officer can be found, they are to communicate with the American or Philippine forces and follow their directives.[9]

Onoda was thus properly relieved of duty, and he surrendered. He turned over his sword, a functioning Arisaka Type 99 rifle, 500 rounds of ammunition and several hand grenades, as well as the dagger his mother had given him in 1944 to kill himself with if he was captured.[10] Only Private Teruo Nakamura, arrested on 18 December 1974 in Indonesia, held out longer.

Later life[edit source]

Onoda was so popular following his return to Japan that some people urged him to run for the Diet (Japan's bicameral legislature). He also released an autobiography, No Surrender: My Thirty-Year War, shortly after his return, detailing his life as a guerrilla fighter in a war that was long over. A Philippine documentary interviewed people who lived on Lubang Island during Onoda's stay, revealing that Onoda had killed several people, which he had not mentioned in his autobiography.[11] The news media reported this and other misgivings, but at the same time welcomed his return home. The Japanese government offered him a large sum of money in back pay, which he refused. When money was pressed on him by well-wishers, he donated it to Yasukuni Shrine.

Onoda was reportedly unhappy being the subject of so much attention and troubled by what he saw as the withering of traditional Japanese values. In April 1975, he followed the example of his elder brother Tadao and left Japan for Brazil, where he raised cattle. He married in 1976 and assumed a leading role in the Colônia Jamic (Jamic Colony), a Japanese community in TerenosMato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Onoda also allowed the Brazilian Air Force to conduct training sessions on the land that he owned.[12] After reading about a Japanese teenager who had murdered his parents in 1980, Onoda returned to Japan in 1984 and established the Onoda Shizen Juku ("Onoda Nature School") educational camp for young people, held at various locations in Japan.[13]

Although Hiroo Onoda never apologized or expressed any remorse for killing about 30 Filipino civilians (mostly farmers), stealing their food and burning their crops, then-President Ferdinand Marcos granted him a full pardon, in a televised ceremony.[14][15] As a result, controversy followed when Onoda revisited Lubang Island in 1996, because his wife Machie Onoda (née Honoku) had arranged a US$10,000 scholarship donation on his behalf to the local school there. In 2006, Machie Onoda became the head of the right-wing conservative Japan Women's Association (JWA), established by the far-right group Nippon Kaigi in September 2001.[16]

For many years, Onoda spent three months of the year in Brazil. Onoda was awarded the Merit medal of Santos-Dumont by the Brazilian Air Force on 6 December 2004.[17] On 21 February 2010, the Legislative Assembly of Mato Grosso do Sul awarded him the title of Cidadão ("Citizen").[18]

Death[edit source]

Onoda died of heart failure[19] on 16 January 2014, at St. Luke's International Hospital in Tokyo, due to complications from pneumonia.[20] Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary, and current Prime MinisterYoshihide Suga, commented on his death: "I still vividly remember that I was reassured of the end of the war when Mr. Onoda returned to Japan" and also praised his will to survive.[19]

Works[edit source]

Books

Interviews

See also[edit source]

Footnotes[edit source]

  1. Jump up to:a b c Willacy, M. (2010): Japanese holdouts fought for decades after WWII ABC Lateline (12 November 2010). Retrieved on 16 September 2011.
  2. ^ Powers, D. (2011): Japan: No Surrender in World War Two BBC History (17 February 2011). Retrieved on 16 September 2011.
  3. Jump up to:a b Brown, P. (2010): Hiroo Onoda's Twenty Nine Year Private War Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Pattaya Daily News (15 June 2010). Retrieved on 16 September 2011.
  4. Jump up to:a b 2nd Lt. Hiroo Onoda (c. 2010). Retrieved on 3 April 2011.
  5. ^ Kawaguchi, J. (2007): Words to live by: Hiroo Onoda The Japan Times (16 January 2007). Retrieved on 16 September 2011.
  6. ^ "Hiroo Onoda – obituary"The Daily Telegraph. 19 January 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  7. Jump up to:a b McFadden, Robert, Hiroo Onoda, whose war lasted decades, dies at 91, The New York Times, 18 January 2014, p.18
  8. ^ Onoda 1999, p. 75.
  9. ^ Onoda 1999, pp. 13–14
  10. ^ "Hiroo Onoda: Last man fighting". The Economist. 25 January 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
  11. ^ "i-Witness – Ang Huling Sundalong Hapon (Part 3 of 4)". Retrieved 26 September2012.
  12. ^ "Brazilian Report on Hiroo Onoda". Brazilian Air Force. 8 December 2004. Archived from the original on 11 March 2005. Retrieved 11 March 2005.
  13. ^ Mercado, Stephen C. (2003). The Shadow Warriors of Nakano. Brassey's. pp. 246–247. ISBN 1-57488-538-3.
  14. ^ "Japan WW2 soldier who refused to surrender Hiroo Onoda dies". BBC News. 17 January 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
  15. ^ Thurber, David (22 May 1996). "Town Seeks Compensation from Japanese WWII Straggler"AP NEWSArchived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  16. ^ "Wife of 'No Surrender' soldier becomes president of conservative women's group". Japan Probe. 29 November 2006. Archived from the original on 11 July 2009.
  17. ^ "Combatente da II Guerra ganha medalha da FAB" (in Portuguese). Brazilian Air Force Centro de Comunicação Social da Aeronáutica Center for Social Communication of the Air. 8 December 2004. Archived from the original on 11 March 2005. Retrieved 7 May 2009.
  18. ^ "Herói japonês que mora em Terenos recebe homenagem" (in Portuguese). A Crítica. 21 February 2010.
  19. Jump up to:a b McCurry, Justin (17 January 2014). "Hiroo Onoda: Japanese soldier who took three decades to surrender, dies"The Guardian. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
  20. ^ Mullen, Jethro and Yoko Wakatsuk (17 January 2014). "Hiroo Onoda, Japanese soldier who long refused to surrender, dies at 91". CNN. Retrieved 17 January 2014.

Works cited[edit source]

  • Hiroo Onoda (1999). No Surrender: My Thirty-Year War. Translated by Terry, Charles S. New York: Dell. ISBN 978-1-55750-663-4.

Further reading[edit source]

External links[edit source]

===

오노다 히로

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.
둘러보기로 이동검색으로 이동
Picto infobox military.png
오노다 히로
小野田寛郎
육군사관 시절의 오노다 히로
육군사관 시절의 오노다 히로
생애1922년 3월 19일 ~ 2014년 1월 16일
출생지일본 제국 와카야마현 가이난시
사망지일본 도쿄
복무일본 제국 육군
복무 기간1942년 ~1945년 (1974년
최종 계급소위 소위(少尉)
근무필리핀 군사령부 참모부
일본 제국 육군 8사단 참모부
주요 참전루방섬
서훈 내역남수포장
기타 이력목장 경영자

오노다 히로(일본어小野田寛郎1922년 3월 19일 ~ 2014년 1월 16일)는 일본의 군인이다. 제2차 세계 대전 종전 이후에도 29년 동안 필리핀의 정글에 숨어서 항복하지 않았던(잔류일본병) 장교로 잘 알려져 있다.

생애[편집]

은거[편집]

오노다 소위는 필리핀 루방 섬에 주둔하고 있던 제14방면군의 정보장교였다. 1945년 2월 연합군이 루방섬을 점령하면서 대부분의 일본군은 포로로 잡히거나 전사하였는데, 오노다 소위와 몇명은 정글 깊이 숨어 들었다. 오노다 소위는 처음에 세명의 동료와 함께 에서 살았다. 그 중에 한명은 필리핀 정부군에 항복했고, 나머지 두명은 각각 1954년과 1972년에 지방 순찰대와 교전중에 에 맞아 사망했다. 오노다 소위는 2차 대전이 끝났다는 사실을 인정하지 않고 끝끝내 29년 동안이나 투항을 거부하며 정글에서 홀로 지냈다. 2차 대전중 연합군이 살포한 선전물은 물론 2차대전이 끝나고 필리핀 정부군이 뿌린 '전쟁은 끝났으니 항복하라'는 내용의 선전물까지 자신들을 기만하는 계략이라고 굳게 믿었다. 일본 정부와 오노다의 가족들도 필리핀에 와서 항복을 권유했지만, 이것도 연합군의 계략이라고 생각하여 응하지 않았다. 결국 1960년 일본 정부는 오노다가 사망한 것으로 공식 판정했다.

그는 태평양 전쟁(필리핀 전역) 막바지인 1944년 겨울, 필리핀 마닐라 근처의 작은 루방 섬에 파견되었다. 그는 250명의 훈련되지 않은 병사를 이끄는 지휘관이었다. 오노나 소위는 미군의 루손 섬 공격을 지연시키기 위하여 비행장 활주로를 파괴한 후, 유격전을 벌이 명령을 명령을 받았다.

당시 8사단장 요코야마 시즈오(일본어판)는 떠나는 오노다 일행에게 말했다. 항복은 물론 옥쇄도 일절 허락하지 않는다. 몇 년이 걸리더라도 버텨야한다. 반드시 데리러 오마. 병사가 한 명이 남더라도 야자수 열매라도 따먹으며 끝까지 버텨라. 다시말하지만 항복은 물론 옥쇄도 허락하지 않는다. 이듬해 봄 미군이 상륙하면서, 화력에서 밀린 일본 주력군은 오노다의 군세를 남기고 패퇴하였다. 오노다의 부대는 첫 전투에서 207명이 전사했고, 나머지 43명은 산속으로 흩어졌다. 오노나 소위는 아카쓰 유이치(赤津勇一) 일등병, 시마다 쇼이치(島田庄一) 오장, 고즈카 긴시치(小塚金七) 상등병과 함께 주저 없이 산 속으로 들어가 유격전을 개시했다. 미군이 살포한 삐라 전단을 읽고 일본이 항복한 사실을 알게 된 나머지 20명은 투항하여 일본으로 돌아갔다. 그러나 오노다는 미군의 전단을 믿을 수가 없었다. 그는 그의 기억속의 명령에 따라 그때까지 그의 곁에 남아있던 시마다 오장과 고즈카 상등병을 데리고 유격전을 계속했다. 전쟁은 끝났다. 종전 다음해인 1946년 봄, 오노다 일행을 구하기 위해 일찍이 투항했던 오노다의 옛 부하들이 필리핀으로 가서 섬전체를 돌아다니며 외쳤다. “오노다, 오노다! 전쟁은 끝났으니 숲에서 나오거라. 어서 함께 고향으로 돌아가자.” 오노다는 그들의 외침을 분명하게 거듭 들었다. 그러나 그는 이를 간사한 미국군이 자신의 항복을 받아내려는 계략이라고 여겼다. 얼마 후 오노다 일행은 원주민 부락을 습격하여 불태웠다. 그들은 나름대로 유격전을 전개 한 것이었지만, 실상은 먹을 것을 해결하기 위한 공격이었으리라. 필리핀 정부의 다급한 연락을 받은 일본 정부는 오노다의 형제를 루방 섬으로 급파하여 오노다와 일행을 설득하였다. 그러나 오노다는 이마저도 미국이 이번에는 자신의 가족까지 동원하여 자신의 항복을 받아내려는 계략이라고 생각하였다. 이후 오노다와 둘은 산에서 내려와 섬의 원주민들을 공격하였고, 때문에 필리핀 정부는 토벌대를 섬으로 보냈다. 1954년에 시마다 오장이 토벌대에게 사살되었다. 1972년에는 고즈카 상등병이 사망했다. 그러나 오노다는 개의치 않고 단신 유격전을 수행하였다.

종전 30년째인 1974년 겨울, 마침내 오노다는 스즈키 노리오 (탐험가)(일본어판)라는 일본인 탐험가에게 발견된다. 스즈키는 오노다의 이야기에 깊은 흥미를 느껴 그를 직접 만나 설득을 하고자 하여 루방섬으로 간 것이었다. 스즈키는 침착한 언행으로 오노다를 안심시킨 후 저간의 사정을 설명하였다. 오노다는 그제서야 비로소 일본이 패전하였다는 사실을 받아들였다. 그러나 그는 스즈키에게 그가 미처 예상하지 못한 조건을 내걸었는데 그것은 바로 오노다 소위의 직속 상관이 와서 항복 명령을 내리기까지는 근무지를 이탈할 수 없다는 것이었다. 그의 전 직속상관 중 한명이었던 다니구치 요시미(谷口義美) 예비역 소령이 수소문 되었다. 종전 후 서점을 운영하던 다니구치는 내키지는 않았지만, 옛 부하를 살리는 일을 거절할 수 없었기에, 루방섬으로 떠났다. 곧 오노다는 그의 전 직속상관 다니구치로부터 육군 대장 야마시타 도모유키의 이름으로 적힌 투항명령서를 정식으로 수령했다. 다음날 오노다는 필리핀 마르코스 대통령 앞에서 투항의식을 치른 뒤 일본으로 귀환하였는데, 어찌된 영문인지 마르코스는 오노다가 루방 섬에서 숨어살면서 저지른 살인과 방화를 사면했다. 당시 필리핀이 일본으로부터 많은 차관을 빌렸기 때문에 정치적으로 판단했을 가능성이 있다. 오노다의 귀환 후 일본의 극우단체들은 그를 영웅으로 추앙하였다.

퇴역[편집]

스즈키 노리오 교수는 필리핀의 정글에서 행방불명된 오노다 소위의 이야기에 호기심을 느끼고 그를 직접 찾겠다고 결심했다. 1974년 루방 섬을 방문한 스즈키는 결국 오노다를 찾는데 성공했다. 스즈키는 일본이 패망하면서 2차대전이 끝났으니 항복하라고 오노다를 설득했으나, 오노다는 직속상관의 명령이 없으면 투항할 수 없다고 고집을 부렸다. 일본에 돌아온 스즈키 노리오 교수는 일본 언론에 오노다 소위의 아지트를 공개했고 일본 열도는 흥분에 휩싸였다. 일본 정부 차원에서 오노다 소위의 귀환을 위한 작전이 펼쳐졌으며 제대후 도서 판매상이 된 직속상관 타니구치 소령을 겨우 찾아내어 타니구치가 항복 명령서를 가지고 필리핀 루방 섬에 있는 오노다를 만나 투항을 명령했다. 투항 당시 오노다는 일본군 복장을 그대로 갖추고 있었으며, 사격이 가능한 상태로 99식 소총을 정비해 놓고 500여발의 탄환과 대여섯개의 수류탄도 가지고 있었으며 그에 칼은 여전히 날이 시퍼렇게 서있는 등 장비도 완벽하게 유지하고 있었다.

그 후[편집]

오노다가 29년 동안이나 정글에 숨어서 지역 순찰대와 게릴라전을 벌이느라 30명의 필리핀 사람을 죽이고 100여명에게 부상을 입혔으나, 당시 필리핀 대통령이었던 페르디난드 마르코스는 오노다의 범죄를 사면해줬다. 22세에 조국을 떠났던 청년은 52세가 되어서 일본에 돌아왔고, 일본국민들에게 영웅으로 대접받았다. 패전 콤플렉스에서 벗어나지 못하던 일본 국민들은 오노다에서 '살아있는 일본 정신을 보았다'고 열광했고 극우파들은 오노다야말로 옛 일본의 가치를 그대로 간직한 진정한 사무라이라고 칭찬했다. 30년 동안이나 필리핀의 정글에서 숨어지냈던 오노다는 현대화된 일본에 적응하지 못하고, 1975년 브라질로 떠나서 목장을 경영했으며, 이듬해에 결혼하였다. 1984년 일본으로 돌아와 오노다 자연학교(小野田自然塾)를 설립하여 아이들을 자연속으로 살아갈수 있도록 가르치기 시작하였으며, 1996년 루방 섬을 다시 찾아가 현지 학교에 1만 달러를 기부하였다.

2014년 1월 16일 도쿄의 한 병원에서 91세의 일기로 사망하였다.[1]

각주[편집]

참고 자료[편집]

외부 링크[편집]

小野田寛郎

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』
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小野田 寛郎
Hiroo and shigeo onoda 1944.jpg
見習士官陸軍曹長)当時の小野田(右)
弟の滋郎(陸軍少尉)と昭和19年(1944年)12月頃撮影(22歳)
渾名最後の日本兵、真の軍人[1]
生誕1922年3月19日
日本の旗 日本 和歌山県海草郡亀川村(現・海南市
死没2014年1月16日(91歳没)
日本の旗 日本 東京都中央区
所属組織War flag of the Imperial Japanese Army.svg 大日本帝国陸軍
軍歴1942年12月 - 1945年8月15日
(ただし 1974年3月9日まで作戦を継続)
最終階級陸軍少尉
除隊後小野田牧場 経営者
小野田自然塾 主宰
テンプレートを表示

小野田 寛郎(おのだ ひろお、1922年3月19日 - 2014年1月16日)は、日本陸軍軍人実業家。最終階級予備陸軍少尉旧制海南中学校久留米第一陸軍予備士官学校陸軍中野学校二俣分校卒。

情報将校として太平洋戦争に従軍し遊撃戦(ゲリラ戦)を展開、第二次世界大戦終結から29年の時を経て、フィリピンルバング島から日本へ帰還を果たした。

経歴[編集]

生い立ち[編集]

大正11年(1922年)、和歌山県海草郡亀川村(現・海南市)にて父・種次郎(県議会議員)、母・タマエ(教師)の間に小野田家の四男として生まれる。

旧制海南中学校時代は剣道選手として活躍。中学校卒業後は民間の貿易会社(田島洋行)に就職し、中華民国漢口支店勤務となり漢語を習得。

なお、長兄・敏郎は東京帝国大学医学部・陸軍軍医学校卒の軍医将校(終戦時最終階級陸軍軍医中佐)、次兄・格郎は東京帝国大学、陸軍経理学校卒の経理将校(最終階級陸軍主計大尉)で、弟・滋郎はのちに陸軍士官学校、陸軍大学校に入校し航空部隊関係の兵科将校(最終階級陸軍少尉)となっている。

軍歴[編集]

当時の小野田寛郎

上海の商事会社で働いていた1942年12月、満20歳のため徴兵検査徴募)を受け本籍のある和歌山歩兵第61連隊(当時同連隊は戦地に動員中のため、その留守部隊)に現役兵たる陸軍二等兵として入営。同時に留守部隊をもとに編成された歩兵第218連隊に転属、同連隊にて在営中に甲種幹部候補生予備役将校を養成)を志願しこれに合格、1944年1月に久留米第一陸軍予備士官学校へ入校する。

卒業後、漢語英語が堪能だった事から選抜され、同年9月に陸軍中野学校二俣分校入校。二俣分校は主に遊撃戦の教育を行っており、当時の教科書には隠密行動や潜伏の要領、夜襲動作などの方法が記され、後に小野田はそれを忠実に実行することになる。また、「生きて虜囚の辱めを受けず」とする戦陣訓の教えとは異なり、中野学校の一番の目的とするところは、最後の一人になっても戦え、玉砕してはならず捕虜になっても死んではいけないとするもので、主力の撤退後も任務を全うするよう教え込まれ、反撃に備え敵陣内で諜報を行う残置諜者となるよう叩き込まれた。

約3か月間特訓を受け、退校命令を受領[注 1][2]。その後、見習士官陸軍曹長)を経て予備陸軍少尉に任官[要出典]

同年12月、フィリピン防衛戦を担当する第14方面軍情報部付となり、残置諜者および遊撃指揮の任務を与えられフィリピンに派遣。当地では第14方面軍隷下の第8師団参謀部付(配属)となっており、その師団長横山静雄陸軍中将から「玉砕は一切まかりならぬ。3年でも、5年でも頑張れ。必ず迎えに行く。それまで兵隊が1人でも残っている間は、ヤシの実を齧ってでもその兵隊を使って頑張ってくれ。いいか、重ねて言うが、玉砕は絶対に許さん。わかったな」と日本軍の戦陣訓を全否定する訓示を受けている[3]

派遣にあたり、高級司令部が持っている情報は全て教えられ、日本が占領された後も連合国軍と戦い続けるとの計画であった。なお派遣前、母親からは「敵の捕虜となる恐れがあるときには、この短刀で立派な最後を遂げてください」と言われ、短刀を渡された(この短刀は日本帰国後、実家に帰った際に母親に返している)[4]

同月31日、フィリピンルバング島に着任。秘密飛行場の警備に当たった。日本兵は住民の家を拠点にしていた[2]。着任後は長期持久体制の準備に努めるが、島内の日本軍の一部の隊には「引き上げ命令」が出ていたため戦意が低いことと、小野田には指揮権がないため相手にされず、1945年2月28日のアメリカ軍約1個大隊上陸後、日本陸軍の各隊は、アメリカ海軍艦艇の艦砲射撃の大火力に撃破され、小野田はルバング島の山間部に逃げ込んだ[要出典]

小野田は、友軍来援時の情報提供を行うため、部下と共に遊撃戦を展開した。ルバング島は、フィリピンの首都であるマニラに位置するマニラ湾の出入口にあり、この付近からマニラを母港とする連合国軍艦船、航空機の状況が一目で分かるため、戦略的に極めて重要な島であった[要出典]

日本敗戦後[編集]

1945年8月を過ぎても任務解除の命令が届かなかったため、一等兵赤津勇一(49年9月逃亡50年6月投降)、伍長島田庄一(54年5月7日没)、上等兵小塚金七(72年10月19日没[5])と共に作戦を継続し、ルバング島が再び日本軍の制圧下に戻った時のために密林に篭り、情報収集や諜報活動を続ける決意をする。日本では1945年9月に戦死公報を出されたが、1950年に赤津が投降したことで、小野田ら3人の残留日本兵が存在することが判明する[要出典]

フィリピンは戦後間もなくアメリカの植民地支配からの独立を果たしたものの、両国の協定によりアメリカ軍はフィリピン国内にとどまることとなった。これを「アメリカ軍によるフィリピン支配の継続」、またフィリピン政府を「アメリカの傀儡政権」と解釈した小野田はその後も持久戦により在比アメリカ軍に挑み続け、島内にあったアメリカ軍レーダーサイトへの襲撃や狙撃、撹乱攻撃を繰り返し、合計百数十回もの戦闘を展開した[要出典]

広島市立大学永井均教授により発掘された資料によると、1974年5月に厚生省援護局職員が行った帰国直後の小野田への秘密裏の聞き取り調査で、小野田が戦争がまだ継続しており、ルバング島全島が日本軍の占領地だという認識を持っていたため、侵入してくるものに対しては個人であろうと住民らの連帯責任であるとの考えに基づき報復のため部落への攻撃を加えていたことが明らかになった。小野田らが潜伏していたジャングルの近隣のブロール部落の住民が何回となく捜索に来ることがあったので、夜襲をかけ銃撃や放火などを行った。小野田らは山賊と呼ばれ住民らにおそれられ、住民らはヤシの実をとりに行くこともできなくなった。占領は日本軍の再上陸に備えるためであった。1949年(昭和24年)頃には皆、野生の食事にも慣れ海岸の岩間にできた塩を年に1、2升採集し、自生するヤシの実を拾い、肉類はを月に2頭くらい屠殺した[2]。牛は島内の住民の大切な財産である農耕牛であったが、小野田の主張では野生牛で、乾燥肉にもした。これにより、良質の動物性タンパク質ビタミンミネラルを効率良く摂取していたとされる。

使用した武器は99式短小銃38式歩兵銃軍刀等であり、その他放火戦術も用いた。この際、弾薬の不足分は、島内に遺棄された戦闘機用の7.7x58SR機関銃弾(薬莢がセミリムド型で交換の必要あり)を九九式実包の薬莢に移し替えて使用していた。29年間継続した作戦行為によって、フィリピン兵士、警察官、民間人、在比アメリカ軍の兵士を30人以上殺傷したとされる。ただし、アメリカ軍司令官や兵士の殺傷に関して、アメリカ側にはそのような出来事は記録されておらず、実際に殺傷したのは武器を持たない現地住民が大半であった[6][要ページ番号]。このことは後に日本とフィリピン政府との間で補償問題へと発展した[7]

手に入れたトランジスタラジオを改造して短波受信機を作り、アメリカ軍基地の倉庫から奪取した金属製ワイヤーをアンテナに使って、独自で世界情勢を判断しつつ、友軍来援に備えた[要出典]

また、後述する捜索隊が残した日本の新聞や雑誌で、当時の日本の情勢についても、かなりの情報を得ていた。捜索隊はおそらく現在の情勢を知らずに小野田が戦闘を継続していると考え、あえて新聞や雑誌を残していったのだが、皇太子成婚の様子を伝える新聞のカラー写真や、1964年東京オリンピック東海道新幹線開業等の記事によって、小野田は日本が繁栄している事は知っていた。士官教育を受けた小野田は、その日本はアメリカ傀儡政権であり、満州国亡命政権があると考えていた[要出典]

また小野田は投降を呼びかけられていても、二俣分校での教育を思い出し、終戦を欺瞞であり、敵対放送に過ぎないと思っていた。また朝鮮戦争へ向かうアメリカ軍機を見掛けると、当初の予定通り亡命政権の反撃が開始され、フィリピン国内のアメリカ軍基地からベトナム戦争へ向かうアメリカ軍機を見かけると、いよいよアメリカは日本に追い詰められたと信じた。このように小野田にもたらされた断片的な情報と戦前所属した諜報機関での作戦行動予定との間に矛盾が起きなかったために、20年間も戦い続ける結果となった。末期には、短波ラジオで日経ラジオ社中央競馬実況中継を聞き、隊友小塚と賭けをするのが唯一の娯楽であった[要出典]

29年ぶりの帰国[編集]

だがそんな小野田も、長年の戦闘と小塚金七死亡後の孤独により疲労を深めていった。1974年に、一連の捜索活動に触発された鈴木紀夫がルバング島を訪れ、2月20日にジャングルで孤独にさいなまれていた小野田との接触に成功する。鈴木は日本が敗北した歴史や現代の状況を説明して帰国をうながし、小野田も直属の上官の命令解除があれば、任務を離れることを了承する。この際、鈴木は小野田の写真を撮影した。3月9日に、かつての上官である谷口義美[8]陸軍少佐から、文語文による山下奉文陸軍大将(14HA司令官)名の「尚武集団作戦命令」と、口達による「参謀部別班命令(下記)」で任務解除・帰国命令が下る[要出典]

一 大命ニ依リ尚武集団ハスヘテノ作戦行動ヲ解除サル。

二 参謀部別班ハ尚武作命甲第2003号ニ依リ全任ヲ解除サル。

三 参謀部別班所属ノ各部隊及ヒ関係者ハ直ニ戦闘及ヒ工作ヲ停止シ夫々最寄ノ上級指揮官ノ指揮下ニ入ルヘシ。已ムヲ得サル場合ハ直接米軍又ハ比軍ト連絡ヲトリ其指示ニ従フヘシ。— 第十四方面軍参謀部別班班長 谷口義美
投降式に出席する小野田とマルコス

翌3月10日にかけ、小野田は谷口元少佐にフィリピンの最新レーダー基地等の報告をする。小野田はフィリピン軍基地に着くと、フィリピン軍司令官に軍刀を渡し、降伏意思を示した。この時、小野田は処刑される覚悟だったと言われる。フィリピン軍司令官は一旦受け取った軍刀をそのまま小野田に返した。司令官は小野田を「軍隊における忠誠の見本」と評した。小野田のマラカニアン宮殿で行われた投降式には、マルコス大統領も出席し、武装解除された。その際、マルコス大統領は小野田を「立派な軍人」と評している。小野田は終戦後に住民の物資を奪い、殺傷して生活していたとすれば、フィリピン刑法処罰対象になる。小野田は、終戦を信じられずに戦闘行為を継続していたと主張し、日本の外務省の力添えもあって、フィリピン政府は刑罰対象者の小野田を恩赦した[要出典]

この時に交わされた外交文書によれば、日比両政府による極秘交渉の中で小野田ら元日本兵により多数の住民が殺傷されたことが問題視され、フィリピンの世論を納得させるためにも何らかの対応が必要とされたという。フィリピンに対する戦後賠償自体は1956年の日比賠償協定によって解決済みとされていたが、小野田によるフィリピン民間人殺傷と略奪のほとんどは終戦以降に発生したものであり、反日世論が高まることへの懸念から、日本政府はフィリピン側に対し「見舞金」という形で3億円を拠出する方針を決定した[7]

こうして、小野田にとっての大東亜戦争が終わり、1974年昭和49年)3月12日に、日本航空の特別機で日本の羽田空港へ帰国を果たした。

帰国以前[編集]

  • 1950年 - フィリピンミンダナオ島で日本軍敗残兵が投降した際、無為に島民に銃殺される事件が生じる。復員庁では、日本軍将兵の無事帰国のため特別対策本部を設立する。
  • 1951年 - 赤津勇一元一等兵が帰国する。残留兵の存在が明らかになるが、フィリピンの政情が不安定なため救出活動は行えず。
  • 1954年 - フィリピンの山岳部隊が日本兵と遭遇。島田庄一元伍長の遺体が確認される。これを受けフィリピン政府は残留兵捜索隊の入国を許可する。
  • 1954年5月、1958年、1959年5 - 12月 - 赤津元一等兵等投降者の証書に基き援護局職員および小野田元少尉と小塚元一等兵の家族、戦友によるルバング島の残留日本兵捜索が行われるが、未発見に終わる。
  • 1959年(昭和34年)12月11日 - 戸籍法89条に基づいて厚生省引揚援護局は12月10日に「死亡日・昭和29年5月8日」として「死亡公報」を出し、翌11日に公示された。なお、これに合わせて翌12月12日には故郷の和歌山県海南市にて親類の手により葬儀が行われた。
  • 1969年5月31日 - 第62回戦没者叙勲により、戦没者として、勲六等単光旭日章に叙される。靖国神社に合祀。
  • 1972年1月 - アメリカグアム島横井庄一元伍長が発見される。日本兵の生き残りが今も各地に潜伏している事実が知られるようになる。
  • 1972年10月19日 - フィリピンのルバング島にてフィリピン警察官に小塚金七元一等兵が射殺される。
  • 1972年10月22日 - 25日 - 日本兵射殺事件を受け、厚生省援護局職員および小野田元少尉と小塚元一等兵の家族、隊友が逐次ルバング島に赴く。遺体が小塚金七一等兵である事を確認する。小野田元少尉の捜索が行われるが発見には至らず(後に元少尉は捜索隊の存在を認知し、また密林の中で兄の姿を目撃していたが、アメリカの支配下の傀儡政権に強制されての行動だと推測していた事を告白している)。
  • 1974年 - 一連の捜索活動に触発された日本の青年鈴木紀夫が小野田元少尉との接触に成功。3月にフィリピンに投降し、日本に帰国。3月12日16時15分から66分間にわたりNHKで放送された報道特別番組「小野田さん帰国」は45.4%(ビデオリサーチ・関東地区調べ)の視聴率を記録[9]

帰国後[編集]

帰国の際に「天皇陛下万歳」を叫んだ事や、現地軍との銃撃戦によって、多数の軍人や住民が死傷した出来事が明らかになった事(フィリピン政府当局の政治判断により、小野田への訴追は行われなかった)、また本当に日本の敗戦を知らなかったのか、という疑問が高まるに連れて、マスコミからは「軍人精神の権化」「軍国主義亡霊」といった批判も受けた[要出典]

小野田に対し、日本国政府は見舞金として100万円を贈呈するが、小野田は拒否する。拒否するも見舞金を渡されたので、小野田は見舞金と方々から寄せられた義援金の全てを、靖国神社寄付している。昭和天皇との謁見も断り(万が一、天皇陛下が謝罪するようなことを避けるため)、新宿区国立病院医療センターに入院後、小野田は戦闘で亡くなった島田と小塚の墓を墓参している[要出典]

小野田のフィリピンでの功労は、ニノイ・アキノ国際空港傍にある「フィリピン空軍博物館」に、小野田がフィリピン空軍将軍宛に書いた手紙と共に、展示ケースにて展示されている。また1996年平成8年)には、かつて活動していたルバング島に、フィリピン空軍の兵士護衛の下、再訪を果たしている[要出典]

ブラジル移住、晩年[編集]

同じく長期残留日本兵として2年前に帰国し、驚くほど早く戦後の日本に適応した横井庄一と異なり、小野田の場合は、父親との不仲や一部マスコミの虚偽報道もあり、戦前と大きく価値観が変貌した日本社会に馴染めなかった。横井との対談が何度か企画されたが、実現しなかった。理由は、横井が天皇陛下より拝領された兵器である銃剣を穴掘り道具に使ったことを聞き、小野田が横井との対談を拒否していたからだという。

帰国当初は大きな話題になったため、マスコミにつけ回され、一挙手一投足を過剰取材の対象にされて苦しんだ。ヘリコプターが、ゲリラ戦時の敵軍航空機と重なって、悩まされた時期もあったという。帰国の半年後に、次兄のいるブラジル移住して小野田牧場を経営する事を決意。日本帰国後に結婚した妻の町枝と共にブラジルへ移住し、10年を経て牧場経営を成功させた[要出典]

(ブラジルに移民していた実兄の薦めもあり1975年渡伯。 バルゼア・アレグレ移住地 (マット・グロッソ州テレーノス郡英語版: Fazenda Varzea Alegre Mun, de Terence, EST. Mato Grossa do sul.)にて、約1200haの牧場を開拓。7年間は無収入だったが10年目には軌道にのせ1800頭の肉牛を飼育した。1979年5月に発足したバルゼア・アレグレ日伯体育文化協会初代会長に就任。2004年ブラジル空軍より民間最高勲章メリット・サントス・ドモントを授与される。同年マット・グロッソ州名誉州民に選ばれる。)

その後、「凶悪な少年犯罪が多発する現代日本社会に心を痛めた」として『祖国のため健全な日本人を育成したい』と、サバイバル塾『小野田自然塾』を主宰 (1984年7月) [要出典]

2010年7月当時、東京都中央区佃在住だった[10]

愛媛県議会議員・森高康行を始めとして政界とも交流をもつ。妻・町枝は2006年、安西愛子の後任として日本会議の女性組織・日本女性の会の会長に就任した[11]

保守系の活動家でもあり、日本を守る国民会議日本会議代表委員等を歴任。社団法人日本緑十字社理事にも就任した。慰安婦問題の真偽に対しては日本の責任を否定する立場であり、2007年7月13日に米国大使館に手渡された米下院121号決議全面撤回を求めるチャンネル桜主導の抗議書には夫婦そろって賛同している[12]。また、田母神論文問題で更迭された田母神俊雄航空幕僚長を支持する「田母神論文と自衛官の名誉を考える会」には、発起人として妻と共に名を連ねている。2009年5月15日には、「小野田寛郎の日本への遺言」と題した講演を2時間に渡って行った[13]。その後も講演活動を続けていたが、2014年1月16日、肺炎のため東京都中央区の病院で死去した。91歳没[14]

その他エピソード[編集]

戦時中に自身が体験した人間が持つ潜在的な能力にも触れている。本当に命を賭けなければいけないと必死になった瞬間、頭が数倍の大きさに膨らむ感覚と同時に悪寒に襲われ身震いし、直後、頭が元の大きさに戻ったと感じると、あたりが急に明るく鮮明に見えるようになったという。「夕闇が迫っているのに、まるで昼間のような明るさになりました。そして、遠くに見える木の葉の表面に浮かぶ1つ1つの脈まではっきり認識することができました。そうなると、はるか先にいる敵兵の動きも手に取るように分かります。それこそ、相手が射撃をする直前にサッと身をかわして銃弾を避けることさえできると思いました。」命を賭ける場面が、命を賭けなくても大丈夫だという自信に変わった瞬間だったという[15]

また『月刊秘伝』2004年7月号でのインタビューでは「直進する物は物理的に見えるんですよ。(中略)真っ直ぐ自分のほうに伸びてくるんだから見えます。(中略)撃たれたときは、火を噴いている銃口から見えた。(中略)相手の突きを避けられるのだから避けられますよ。」と語っている。自身の著書である『小野田寛郎―わがルバング島の30年戦争』でも、銃弾は飛んでくるとき蒼白い閃光を放つから、それを避ければいいと語っている(合気道の開祖である植芝盛平も、満州馬賊の襲撃を受けた際に同様の体験をしたと語っている)。

評価[編集]

小野田の手記『わがルバング島の30年戦争』(1974年)[注 2]ゴーストライターであった作家の津田信は、『幻想の英雄―小野田少尉との三ヵ月』(1977年)において、小野田を強く批判している。小野田が島民を30人以上殺害したと証言していたこと、その中には正当化出来ない殺人があったと思われることなどを述べ、小野田は戦争の終結を承知しており残置任務など存在せず、1974年に至るまで密林を出なかったのは「片意地な性格」に加え「島民の復讐」をおそれたことが原因であると主張している[16]

サーチナによると2009年に小野田の話が中華人民共和国ウェブサイト『鳳凰網』歴史総合ページで紹介されると、「真の軍人だ」「この兵士の精神を全世界が学ぶべきだ」「大和民族は恐るべき民族。同時に尊敬すべき民族」などの賞賛する書き込みがあり、肯定的に評価する投稿の方が若干多かった。[1][17]

2014年の小野田死去に際し、ニューヨーク・タイムズは、「戦後の繁栄と物質主義の中で、日本人の多くが喪失していると感じていた誇りを喚起した」「彼の孤独な苦境は、世界の多くの人々にとって意味のないものだったかもしれないが、日本人には義務と忍耐(の尊さ)について知らしめた」とし、小野田が1974年3月に、当時のフィリピンのマルコス大統領に、投降の印として軍刀を手渡した時の光景を、「多くの者にとっては格式のある、古いサムライのようだった」と形容し論評した[18][19]

また、ワシントン・ポストも、「彼は戦争が引き起こした破壊的状況から、経済大国へと移行する国家にとって骨董のような存在になっていた忍耐、恭順、犠牲といった戦前の価値を体現した人物だった」とし、多くの軍人は「処刑への恐怖」から潜伏生活を続けたが、小野田は任務に忠実であり続けたがゆえに「(多くの人々の)心を揺さぶった」と論評した[19]

栄典・称号[編集]

テレビ出演[編集]

小野田寛郎を題材にした楽曲[編集]

イギリスプログレッシブ・ロックバンド、キャメル1981年に"Nude"(邦題:『ヌードの物語 〜Mr. Oの帰還〜』)というコンセプトアルバムを発表している[22]

著書[編集]

単著[編集]

共著[編集]

語録または家族による著[編集]

  • 小野田種次郎『ルバングの譜―寛郎を捜しつづけて30年』 (潮出版社, 1974年)ASIN B000J9FPKW
  • 小野田凡二『回想のルバング―寛郎を待った三十年』 (浪曼, 1974年)ASIN B000J9GLNC
  • 小野田町枝『私は戦友になれたかしら―小野田寛郎とブラジルに命をかけた30年』(清流出版2002年ISBN 978-4860290139
  • 『小野田寛郎サバイバル語録 日本人が戦後忘れた不撓不屈の精神を語る』(朝日新聞社, 2017年)ASIN B0711ZPN7X

潜伏中の隊友[編集]

赤津勇一[編集]

赤津勇一(あかつ ゆういち Yuichi Akatsu 生没年不詳)はルバング島守備隊生き残りの少数分散潜伏時に途中で小野田グループと合流した日本兵。東京都出身。諸説では1949年9月にグループを離脱し1950年6月にアメリカ軍に投降した、1950年の戦闘での負傷でグループと離れ意識不明のところを6月にアメリカ軍に発見されたとされる。最終階級は一等兵。翌1951年帰国し、小野田、島田、小塚の生存を政府に伝えたと言われる。

生没年等詳しい事は不明であるが、若一光司の著作によれば、結婚して日本で生活しているとの記述があり、1980年代中盤時点では存命であった[23]

島田庄一[編集]

島田庄一(しまだ しょういち Shoichi Shimada 1913年 - 1954年5月7日)はルバング島守備隊生き残りの少数分散潜伏時に小野田グループにいた日本兵。埼玉県小川町出身。1954年5月7日に起きたフィリピン警察隊との銃撃戦で眉間を撃ち抜かれ死亡。享年41。最終階級は伍長

2005年8月13日フジテレビ系列で放送されたドラマ実録・小野田少尉 遅すぎた帰還』では、柳葉敏郎友情出演)が彼の役を演じた。

小塚金七[編集]

小塚金七(二等兵時代)

小塚金七(こづか きんしち Kinshichi Kozuka 1921年 - 1972年10月19日)はルバング島守備隊生き残りの少数分散潜伏時に小野田グループにいた日本兵。1921年、東京都八王子市に生まれる。1936年に八王子尋常高等小学校(現・八王子市立第七小学校)卒業後、農業に従事。1939年に八王子工機青年学校に入学し、その後応召1944年6月11日近衛歩兵第1連隊に入隊し、同年7月にフィリピンに派兵され、独立歩兵第359大隊に編入。終戦した事を知らずに戦闘を続け、日本政府による捜査も発見できずに、1947年1959年死亡通知が出された。

1972年10月19日に起きたフィリピン警察隊との銃撃戦で肩を撃たれて38式歩兵銃を落とし、さらに胸を撃たれて倒れる。[5][24]小野田は小塚の銃で5発、自身が持つ九九式短小銃で4発撃ち警察隊の攻撃を抑え、倒れた小塚を揺さぶるもその時には白目を向いて口から血を流しており既に死亡していた。享年51。最終階級は上等兵。小塚の死に対し小野田は「復讐心が高まった。目の前で30年もの戦友を殺された時の口惜しさなんてものはない」と後年怒りを込めて述べている。小塚の三八式歩兵銃は、小野田が日本帰還後に小塚の両親に渡したと言われている。また、手元には1959年に厚生省が現地で撒いた投降勧告ビラが遺されてあったと言われる。同年11月4日に、八王子市民葬が執り行われた。

母親には手紙を渡していたと言われ、息子の死に際して、母親は「人生わずか50年、その半数を異国の島ルバングの山谷に人も入らぬジャングルに27年、祖国の為と御奉公の甲斐むなしく[昭和]47年10月19日、命と共に消へ失せる悲しき最後、あまりにも哀われです。」と手記を残した。

2005年8月13日フジテレビ系列で放送されたドラマ実録・小野田少尉 遅すぎた帰還』では、西島秀俊が彼の役を演じた。また彼の事は、若一光司の著書『最後の戦死者 陸軍一等兵・小塚金七』(河出書房新社1986年7月)に詳しく書かれている。

小野田自然塾[編集]

財団法人小野田自然塾
創立者小野田寛郎
団体種類財団法人
設立1989年平成1年)6月
所在地〒104-0051
東京都中央区佃1-10-5
法人番号8380005011468 ウィキデータを編集
主要人物小野田寛郎
活動地域日本の旗 日本
活動内容自然教育
活動手段
  • 日本各地で開催する青少年参加のキャンプの開催
  • 小野田寛郎、およびその関係者による講演会
標語不撓不屈
ウェブサイト一般財団法人小野田記念財団
テンプレートを表示

小野田は、自らの抑留経験を基に、健全な人間形成と自然・社会との共存を図るために、これからを担う子供たちに自然教育の必要性を重んじ、1984年からキャンプ生活を通しての教育活動「小野田自然塾」を開講し、全国各地で子供たちに対する自然教育の推進を行った。1989年、私財を投じて、自然塾を主宰する「財団法人小野田自然塾」を設立した。

脚注[編集]

[脚注の使い方]

注釈[編集]

  1. ^ 中野学校は軍歴を残さないため卒業ではなく退校を使用。
  2. ^ 同著は津田信が代筆したところもあると津田信が主張。

出典[編集]

  1. a b 如月隼人 (2009年6月29日). “【中国対日観】軍人精神に賞賛の声―ルバング島・小野田さん”Searchinaオリジナルの2012年7月12日時点におけるアーカイブ。 2016年7月29日閲覧。
  2. a b c NHK ETV特集「小野田元少尉の帰還 極秘文書が語る日比外交」 - 小野田寛朗 2017年3月4日放送
  3. ^ 戸井(2005年)57頁
  4. ^ 戸井(2005年)56頁
  5. a b 网易 (2014年10月22日). “二战最后一个阵亡的日本士兵:1972年10月”. war.163.com2019年7月26日閲覧。
  6. ^ 津田 1977, p. 不明.
  7. a b 小野田さん帰国 42年後の真実”. NHKニュースWEB (2016年7月26日). 2016年7月27日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年7月26日閲覧。
  8. ^ 谷口義美:出生地:鹿兒島出生日期:明治44年 -華人百科”. www.itsfun.com.tw2019年9月19日閲覧。
  9. ^ 引田惣弥『全記録 テレビ視聴率50年戦争―そのとき一億人が感動した』講談社、2004年、126頁、231頁。ISBN 4062122227
  10. ^ 小野田 寛郎さん”. 出没!アド街ック天国. テレビ東京 (2010年7月24日). 2019年5月8日閲覧。
  11. ^ “「日本女性の会」会長に小野田夫人=日本会議の女性団体=開拓30年の経験に期待=尾西兵庫会長=「しっかりした人」”ニッケイ新聞. (2006年12月5日). オリジナルの2013年4月24日時点におけるアーカイブ。 2013年2月8日閲覧。
  12. ^ 賛同文化人・ジャーナリスト一覧 (PDF)”. チャンネル桜. 2019年5月8日閲覧。
  13. ^ 日本に欠けているもの=覚悟”. 日本創新党 荒川区議会議員小坂英二の考察・雑感. 小坂英二. 2019年5月8日閲覧。
  14. ^ “訃報:小野田寛郎さん91歳=戦後も比の山中に29年”毎日新聞. (2014年1月17日). オリジナルの2014年2月1日時点におけるアーカイブ。 2014年1月17日閲覧。
  15. ^ 注目の人 バックナンバー No.029”. ブルーシー・アンド・グリーンランド財団(2008年1月). 2014年9月21日閲覧。
  16. ^ 津田信. “幻想の英雄・全文公開”. 山田順2014年1月18日閲覧。
  17. ^ 最后的鬼子兵小野田:1974年才在旧上司命令下投降”. 凤凰网2019年5月8日閲覧。
  18. ^ ROBERT D. McFADDEN (2014年1月17日). “Hiroo Onoda, Soldier Who Hid in Jungle for Decades, Dies at 91” (英語). ニューヨーク・タイムズ 2017年5月29日閲覧。
  19. a b 黒沢潤 (2014年1月19日). “「日本人の誇り喚起」 米紙が小野田寛郎さん称賛”産経新聞 (Yahoo!ニュース). オリジナルの2014年1月19日時点におけるアーカイブ。 2016年7月29日閲覧。
  20. ^ “小野田寛郎さんに勲章 日本人初、ブラジル空軍”共同通信社47NEWS. (2004年12月17日). オリジナルの2013年4月30日時点におけるアーカイブ。2013年2月8日閲覧。
  21. ^ 小野田寛郎プロフィール”. 小野田自然塾. 2014年5月28日時点のオリジナル[リンク切れ]よりアーカイブ。2014年9月21日閲覧。
  22. ^ Nude (1981)” (English). Camel. The Giant Progweed. 2004年3月24日時点のオリジナル[リンク切れ]よりアーカイブ。2014年9月21日閲覧。
  23. ^ 若一光司『最後の戦死者 : 陸軍一等兵・小塚金七』河出書房新社、1986年。[要ページ番号]
  24. ^ 昭和の大戦争 第7章 昭和の終焉”. nposensi.com2019年6月18日閲覧。

参考文献[編集]

  • 小野田種次郎 『ルバングの譜(ウタ)―寛郎を捜しつづけて30年』 潮出版社、1974。(父親の手記)
  • 小野田凡二 『回想のルバング―寛郎を待った三十年』 浪曼、1974。(同上。「凡二」は俳号)
  • 小野田町枝 『私は戦友になれたかしら―小野田寛郎とブラジルに命をかけた30年』 (夫人の手記) ISBN 4-86029-013-5
  • 鈴木紀夫 『大放浪―小野田少尉発見の旅』朝日新聞社〈朝日文庫〉、1995年10月 ISBN 4-02-261116-2(発見者の手記。1974年の文藝春秋刊の文庫化)
  • 「小野田少尉発見の旅」『「文藝春秋」にみる昭和史』3、文藝春秋。ISBN 4-16-362650-6[疑問点]
  • 津田信『幻想の英雄―小野田少尉との三ヵ月』図書出版社、1977年。
  • 戸井十月『小野田寛郎の終わらない戦い』新潮社、2005年7月。ISBN 978-4-10-403104-7

関連項目[編集]

外部リンク[編集]

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