2024-05-18

Israel–South Korea relations - Wikipedia


대한민국-이스라엘 관계

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.

대한민국–이스라엘 관계
alt=대한민국과 이스라엘의 위치
대한민국의 국기
대한민국		이스라엘의 국기
이스라엘
외교 공관
주이스라엘 대한민국 대사관주한 이스라엘 대사관
사절
대사 최용환대사 아키바 토르

대한민국과 이스라엘 간의 관계(히브리어: יחסי ישראל–קוריאה הדרומית)는 1948년 대한민국 정부 수립 후 시작되어, 1962년 양국이 대사급 외교관계를 수립하면서 공식적으로 가지게 된 외교 관계이다. 1978년 중동 정세에 따라 양국의 대사관이 철수한 이후 1992년 대사관을 재개설하기까지 공식적인 외교관계가 중단된 적이 있었으나,[1] 대사관 재개설 이후 대한민국과 이스라엘은 국가 안보, 과학기술, 신재생 에너지, 양국간 무역 관계 등 모든 분야에서 많은 관심과 협력 의사를 보이고 있다.[2]

초기 외교사[편집]

대한민국과 이스라엘은 1962년 4월 9일 대사급 외교관계를 수립하였다. 그러나 최초로 양국 관계가 시작된 것은 1950년 한국 전쟁 발발을 통해서였다. 당시 이스라엘 수상이었던 다비드 벤구리온은 대한민국을 돕는 유엔군에 이스라엘군을 참전시키는 것을 지지하였다. 그러나 이스라엘 정당 중 하나인 마팜(히브리어: מַפָּ״ם)은 대한민국보다 조선민주주의인민공화국측과의 관계를 중시하였기 때문에 벤구리온의 이러한 조치를 반대하였다. 이에 대한 타협책으로 이스라엘은 1951년 대한민국 정부에 10만 달러 규모의 의료, 식량 물자를 지원하였다.[3]

한국 전쟁의 휴전 이후 대한민국과 이스라엘의 관계는 강화되었다. 이스라엘은 미국과 유엔에 협력했던 것으로 그동안의 외교 정책에 큰 변화를 맞게 되었다. 반면 북한과 이스라엘의 관계는 좋지 못했는데, 이는 북한이 아랍 국가들에게 무기 수출 및 군사 고문단을 파견하였기 때문이다.[4][5][6]

대사급 외교관계 수립[편집]

1962년 4월 9일 대한민국, 이스라엘 양국의 대사관 개설 이후, 이스라엘은 농업, 수자원, 군사 안보 분야 등에서 대한민국을 원조하였다. 대한민국 국군은 우지 등 이스라엘제 무기를 대량으로 구입하였다. 1966년에는 양국 대표단이 서로의 나라를 방문하였다.[7]

1978년 2월, 대한민국과 이스라엘은 양국 대사관을 철수하였다.[8][9] 1973년 석유 파동과 이스라엘의 외교적 고립, 그리고 아랍국가들의 요구 등으로 인한 결과였다. 그러나 냉전이 종료되고 이스라엘과 중동 국가들간의 관계 개선으로 국제 사회에서 이스라엘의 입지가 인정되어 대한민국과의 관계도 정상화되었다.[10]

1992년 1월 1일 주한 이스라엘 대사관이 재개설되고, 뒤이어 1994년 1월 1일 텔아비브에 주이스라엘 대한민국 대사관이 재개설됨으로써 양국의 공식 관계가 회복되었다. 1994년 12월 이츠하크 라빈 이스라엘 전(前) 총리의 대한민국 방문으로 양국을 냉각되었던 과거사를 청산하고, 문화, 항공, 바이츠만 과학 연구소를 통한 과학기술 협력을 위한 협정을 체결하였다.[7][10]

이어 1995년 비자 면제협정, 1996년 관세협정, 투자 보장 및 이중과세 방지 협정 등 경제관련 협정이 가조인되었다.[10]

경제 관계[편집]

대한민국과 이스라엘 사이의 무역은 1990년 ~ 2000년 사이에 1억 4,800만 달러에서 약 10억 달러로 6배가량 증가하였다. 이 10년 동안 대한민국의 자동차는 이스라엘 시장의 15%를, 휴대폰에서는 20%를 점유하였다. 반대로 같은 기간 동안 이스라엘이 대한민국에 수출하는 주요 물품들의 점유율도 기하급수적으로 증가하였다.[7] 이스라엘의 많은 스타트업 기업들은 2022년에는 한국과 이스라엘 간 자유 무역 협정이 체결되었으며, 이는 아시아 지역권 국가 중 최초의 사례이다.[11][12][13]

같이 보기[편집]

각주[편집]

  1. ↑ 황동준 (1997). 한국이스라엘 방산 및 군사기술 전략적 협력 방향. 국방과 기술(223), p19
  2. ↑ Cashman, Greer Fay (2011년 3월 21일). “South Korea sees Israel as partner in security and peace”. 《The Jerusalem Post》. 2019년 5월 3일에 확인함.
  3. ↑ Israel’s Role in the UN during the Korean War 보관됨 2012-01-17 - 웨이백 머신
  4. ↑ “이집트인, “1973년 4차 중동전쟁 승리는 북한군 덕””. 2011년 2월 14일. 2023년 10월 30일에 확인함.
  5. ↑ 한상용 (2016년 9월 21일). “북한의 혈맹이었던 이집트…이젠 북핵 규탄에 '앞장'”. 2023년 10월 30일에 확인함.
  6. ↑ 조선일보 (2020년 7월 19일). “"北, 중동전쟁 이집트에 조종사 지원… 북한말 감청하려 CIA서 훈련 받았다"”. 2023년 10월 30일에 확인함.
  7. ↑ 이동:가 나 다 “The Improvement in Israeli-South Korean Relations - Yaacov Cohen”. 2016년 4월 17일에 확인함.
  8. ↑ “외교부 OPEN DATA”. 2023년 10월 30일에 확인함.
  9. ↑ 세계일보 (2023년 10월 22일). “[최완규의한·미동맹사] 한국의 대(對)중동 외교와 ‘동맹의 딜레마’”. 2023년 10월 30일에 확인함.
  10. ↑ 이동:가 나 다 황동준 (1997). 한국이스라엘 방산 및 군사기술 전략적 협력 방향. 국방과 기술(223), p20
  11. ↑ “한-이스라엘 FTA 비준 동의안 의결…아시아 국가 최초”. 2022년 9월 27일. 2023년 10월 30일에 확인함.
  12. ↑ “FTA 강국, KOREA”. 2023년 10월 30일에 확인함.
  13. ↑ “한-이스라엘 FTA 체결 효과-KITA 통상 리포트”. 2023년 10월 30일에 확인함.


Israel–South Korea relations - Wikipedia


Israel–South Korea relations

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Israeli–South Korean relations
Map indicating locations of Israel and South Korea

Israel
South Korea

Israel–South Korea relations refers to the diplomatic, commercial and cultural ties between Israel and South Korea. South Korea has maintained relations with Israel since 1948,[1] and in 1962 both states initiated official diplomatic relations. Israel and South Korea have expressed interest in strengthening the relationship in all areas, particularly defence, but also renewable energy, science and technology, and bilateral trade.[2] Israel and South Korea signed a free trade agreement in 2021.[3]

Israel recognizes the Republic of Korea as the sole legitimate government in the Korean Peninsula and has never recognized the legitimacy of North Korea, which has also never recognized Israel.

Early history[edit]

Embassy of South Korea in Tel Aviv

Korea and Israel established official diplomatic relations on April 10, 1962.[4][5] However, relations began immediately following the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950. David Ben-Gurion, the Israeli Prime Minister at the time, supported sending Israeli troops to join UN forces in Korea. However, the then-ruling party Mapai was opposed to such measures as it favoured relations with North Korea over the South. As a compromise, instead of sending troops, the government sent $100,000 in medical and food supplies to the South Korean government.[1]

The resolution of the Korean War strengthened relations between Israel and South Korea. Israel shifted its founding foreign policy of non-identification with aligning itself with the United States and United Nations. The relationship started less than two years after the founding of both nations.[1]

Historic relations[edit]

Israel opened its embassy in Seoul in August 1964. Israel aided South Korea in establishing infrastructure in areas of agriculture, water, and security industry. The South Korean Army purchased large amounts of Israeli weapons, including Uzis. In 1966, delegations from both nations visited each other.[6]

In February 1978, the Israeli government closed its embassy in Seoul. The 1973 oil crisis and 1979 oil crisis influenced South Korea government's policies towards Israel. Temporarily, South Korea began to favour the neighbours of Israel over the state of Israel.[4][6]

Following a period of normalized and cooled relations between Israel and its neighbors, South Korea approved the reopening of the Israeli embassy in 1992. The two countries soon after signed agreements to fortify cooperation in the aircraft industry and the Weizmann Institute.[6]

Economic relations[edit]

Trade between Israel and South Korea grew by a factor of six, from $148 million to about $1 billion between 1990 and 2000. Within ten years, South Korea controlled 15 percent of the Israeli market in imported automobiles and 20 percent of that for cellular telephones. Israeli exports to South Korea also grew exponentially during the same time period.[6]

In 2001, South Korea and Israel signed a joint-agreement to establish a Research and Development fund for the purpose of developing new products.

Since the summer of 2010, an annual event, Korea Business Conference, aimed at increasing business activity between Israel and Korea, including trade, investment, and business partnerships. The conference was initiated by Itzik Yona, CEO of Yonaco Group, in cooperation with the Israel Export Institute. One of the major consequences of the conference is to increase awareness of the possibility of mutual investments between the two countries. Among other things, as a direct result of the Conference, for the first time a Korean venture capital fund invested for the first time in an Israeli venture company from Rehovot.[7]

In August 2010, Korea Venture Investment Corp. (KVIC), a state-backed fund management company, signed a memorandum of understanding with Israel's Vertex Venture Capital (VVC) to raise a US$150 million fund, which will be used to finance joint ventures or the merger and acquisition of small and mid-size venture firms in the two countries.[8]

In 2011, an 11-member parliamentary delegation met with Israeli President Shimon Peres at the King David Hotel in Jerusalem. The delegation was led by Lee Byung-suk, former chairman of the National Assembly's Land Transport and Maritime Affairs Committee. Also present was Park Jin, former chairman of the Foreign Affairs and Trade Committee.[2]

On 11 November 2013, Korean Ambassador in Israel Kim Il-soo announced that Israel and South Korea could become an economic powerhouse, referring to hi-tech cooperation between the countries.[9] The announcement was issued during the First Creative Economy Forum between Korea and Israel held in Tel Aviv, which featured the exposure of the Korea-Israel Hi-Tech Network[10] - a project aimed to increase industrial collaborations in various hi-tech fields.

In October 2017, the Israel Innovation Authority published a report recommending deeper cooperation between the two countries' tech sectors given complementary advantages between the two economies. “By virtue of the complementary comparative advantages between Israeli and Korean innovation, great commercial potential exists at the point of interface between the two countries."[11]

Israel and South Korea signed a free trade agreement in August 2019, Israel's first free trade agreement with an East Asian country and South Korea's first tariff-free agreement with a Middle Eastern nation. This agreement took effect by the end of 2022.[12][13][14]

Military relations[edit]

Israel has sold drones to South Korea, including the Harpy UAV. South Korea was competing with Italy's Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master in a tender to supply training aircraft to the Israeli Defence Forces. The Korean Airforce had accused Israel of giving Italy preferred treatment since negotiations began. In January 2012, the South Korean government offered its final industrial cooperation package in a bid to get the Israeli Defence Ministry to select Korean Aerospace Industries’ T-50 Golden Eagle as its next fighter trainer. Israeli Defence Ministry Chief of Staff Udi Shani flew to South Korea for talks about the purchase.[15] The deal was reported worth over $1 billion.[16] The Italians were the eventual winners, in a decision likely to upset South Korea.[17] South Korea had also expressed interest in purchasing Israel's Iron Dome system, but that sale was then seen as under threat.[18] On August 15, 2014, South Korea again expressed their interest in the Iron Dome System.[19]

Coronavirus outbreak[edit]

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, more than 1,000 South Korean tourists were instructed to avoid public places and remain in isolation in their hotels.[20] The Israeli military announced its intention to quarantine South Korean nationals to a military base.[21] Many of the remaining South Koreans were rejected by hotels and were forced to spend nights at Ben Gurion Airport.[22] An Israeli newspaper subsequently published a Korean complaint that "Israel is Treating [Korean and other Asian] Tourists Like Coronavirus".[23] South Korean Foreign Minister Kang Kyung-wha has described Israel's response as "excessive".[24] Public health expert Dr. Hagai Levine said that Israeli politicians may be overreaching to impress voters.[25]

In 2021, the two countries approved a deal to transfer 700,000 Pfizer vaccines from Israel to South Korea.[26]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jump up to:a b c Israel’s Role in the UN during the Korean War Archived 2012-01-17 at the Wayback Machine.
  2. ^ Jump up to:a b Cashman, Greer Fay (21 March 2011). "South Korea sees Israel as partner in security and peace". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  3. ^ Odenheimer, Alisa (9 May 2021). "Israel, South Korea to Sign Free Trade Agreement". Bloomberg. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs accessed May 4, 2010
  5. ^ RoK Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2013-03-13 at the Wayback Machine accessed May 4, 2010
  6. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Cohen, Yaacov (Spring 2006). "The Improvement in Israeli-South Korean Relations". Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  7. ^ Laila Calcali - The Second Annual Conference for Business with Korea 2011. 15 December 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2016 – via YouTube.
  8. ^ "S. Korea, Israel ink US$150 mln venture fund deal". Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  9. ^ Shamah, D. Israel and South Korea could be an economic powerhouse. Times of Israel. 14.11.2013. [1]
  10. ^ "Welcome to KOIL Business Network Portal - Korea Israel Business Network Portal". Retrieved 17 April 2016.[permanent dead link]
  11. ^ Solomon, Shoshanna (October 2, 2018). "South Korea and Israel complement each other in tech, report says". The Times of Israel. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  12. ^ "New S.Korea-Israel free trade agreement comes into effect". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
  13. ^ "i24NEWS". www.i24news.tv. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
  14. ^ Haskel, Adam (2022-09-29). "Israel-South Korea free trade agreement passes final hurdle". JNS.org. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
  15. ^ Sungwoo Park (2012-01-07). "Israeli Defence Chief Visits S. Korea on Jet Contract, UPI Says". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2012-03-03.
  16. ^ Katz, Yaakov (2012-01-20). "Korea issuing final proposal in IAF deal". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2012-03-03.
  17. ^ Harel, Amos; Cohen, Gili (2012-02-20). "Israel opts for Italian training plane over South Korean competitor". Haaretz. Retrieved 2012-03-03.
  18. ^ Tzvi Ben Gedalyahu (2012-01-09). "Billion Dollar Weapons Sale to Asia". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 2012-03-03.
  19. ^ Zachary Keck, The Diplomat. "South Korea Eyes Israel's Iron Dome". The Diplomat. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  20. ^ "South Korean gov't summons Israeli diplomat following Israel travel ban". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  21. ^ "IDF to quarantine 200 Koreans in Jerusalem facility over coronavirus fears". i24NEWS. 23 February 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  22. ^ TOI staff, T. O. I. "South Koreans being shipped out of Israel on special flights amid virus fears". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
  23. ^ "Israel is Treating Tourists Like Coronavirus". Israel Today. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  24. ^ "FM calls Israel's entry ban on Koreans over new coronavirus 'excessive'". The Korea Herald. 25 February 2020.
  25. ^ "Israel Takes Strict Approach To Control The Spread Of Coronavirus". NPR.org. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  26. ^ "Covid: Israel and South Korea strike Pfizer vaccine deal". BBC News. 2021-07-06. Retrieved 2021-07-12.

External links[edit]

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