2024-05-23

Simone Veil - Wikipedia 시몬 베유 (정치인)

Simone Veil - Wikipedia


시몬 베유 (정치인)

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.

시몬 베유

시몬 베유(프랑스어: Simone Veil, 본명: 시몬 아니 릴린 자코브(Simone Annie Liline Jacob), 1927년 7월 13일 ~ 2017년 6월 30일)는 프랑스의 법조인, 정치인이다. 소속 정당은 프랑스 민주연합이다.

생애[편집]

1927년 7월 13일에 니스에서 유대계 건축가의 딸로 태어났다. 그의 가족들은 제2차 세계 대전이 진행 중이던 1944년 3월 28일부터 1945년 1월 27일까지 아우슈비츠 강제 수용소에 수감되었으며 1945년 4월 15일에 해방되기 이전까지는 베르겐-벨젠 강제 수용소로 이송되었다.

수용소에 수감되기 이전에 실시된 바칼로레아에 합격한 이후에는 파리 정치 대학에서 법학, 정치학을 전공했다. 1946년 10월 26일에는 대학 재학 시절에 만났던 앙투안 베유(Antoine Veil, 1926년 8월 28일 ~ 2013년 4월 11일)와 결혼했고 슬하에 3명의 자녀를 두었다. 그의 남편인 앙투안 베유는 1971년부터 1989년까지 파리 시의회 의원을 역임했다.

1974년 5월 27일부터 1979년 7월 4일까지 프랑스 보건부 장관을 역임했다. 1974년 12월 4일에는 1967년에 프랑스에서 합법화된 경구 피임약을 비롯한 피임 기구의 판매를 촉진하는 내용의 법률을 제정했고 1975년 1월 17일에는 프랑스에서 낙태를 합법화하는 내용의 법률을 제정했다.

1979년 7월 17일부터 1993년 3월 30일까지 직접 선거를 통해 최초로 선출된 유럽 의회의 프랑스 대표 의원을 역임했으며 1979년 7월 17일부터 1982년 1월 18일까지 유럽 의회 의장을 역임했다. 1981년에는 카롤루스 대제상을 수상했다. 1993년 3월 29일부터 1995년 5월 18일까지 프랑스 보건부 장관을 역임했고 1998년에는 프랑스 헌법평의회 위원으로 위촉되었다.

1998년에는 영국 정부로부터 대영 제국 훈장을 받았으며 2005년에는 아스투리아스 공상을 수상했다. 2008년에는 아카데미 프랑세즈 회원으로 선출되었다.

2017년 6월 30일에 파리에 위치한 자택에서 향년 90세를 일기로 사망했다. 2017년 7월 5일에는 앵발리드 안뜰에서 거행된 국가 행사를 통해 군사 훈장을 추서받았는데 에마뉘엘 마크롱 프랑스 대통령, 홀로코스트 생존자, 정치인, 고위 인사들이 참석했다. 그의 유해는 처음에 2013년에 사별한 남편인 앙투안 베유와 함께 몽파르나스 묘지에 안장되었다가 2018년 7월 1일에 마크롱 대통령의 결정에 따라 남편과 함께 팡테옹으로 이장되었다.

같이 보기[편집]

위키미디어 공용에 관련된
미디어 분류가 있습니다.





Simone Veil

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Simone Weil, a French philosopher.
Simone Veil
Veil in 1984
Member of the Constitutional Council
In office
3 March 1998 – 3 March 2007
Appointed byRené Monory
President
Preceded byJean Cabannes
Succeeded byRenaud Denoix de Saint Marc
Minister for Social Affairs, Health and Urban Issues
In office
30 March 1993 – 11 May 1995
PresidentFrançois Mitterrand
Prime MinisterÉdouard Balladur
DeputyPhilippe Douste-Blazy
Preceded byBernard Kouchner
Succeeded byÉlisabeth Hubert
President of the European Parliament
In office
17 July 1979 – 18 January 1982
Preceded byEmilio Colombo
Succeeded byPiet Dankert
Member of the European Parliament
for France
In office
17 July 1979 – 30 March 1993
Preceded byConstituency established
Succeeded byJean-Marie Vanlerenberghe
Minister of Health
In office
28 May 1974 – 4 July 1979
PresidentValéry Giscard d'Estaing
Prime Minister
Preceded byMichel Poniatowski
Succeeded byJacques Barrot
Personal details
Born
Simone Annie Jacob

13 July 1927
Nice, France
Died30 June 2017 (aged 89)
Paris, France
Resting placePanthéon
Political party
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1946; died 2013)​
Children3
Alma mater

Simone Veil (French pronunciation: [simɔn vɛj] ⓘ; née Jacob; 13 July 1927 – 30 June 2017) was a French magistrate, Holocaust survivor, and politician who served as Health Minister in several governments and was President of the European Parliament from 1979 to 1982, the first woman to hold that office. As health minister, she is best remembered for advancing women's rights in France, in particular for the 1975 law that legalized abortion, today known as the Veil Act (French: Loi Veil). From 1998 to 2007, she was a member of the Constitutional Council, France’s highest legal authority.

A Holocaust survivor of both Auschwitz-Birkenau and Bergen-Belsen, she was a firm believer in European integration as a way of guaranteeing peace. She served as president of the Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah from 2000 to 2007, and then as its honorary president. Among many honours, she was made an honorary dame in 1998, was elected to the Académie Française in 2008, and in 2012 received the grand cross of the Légion d’honneur, the highest class of the highest French order of merit.

Among France's most revered figures, Simone Veil and her husband were buried at the Panthéon on 1 July 2018. Her eulogy was given by President Emmanuel Macron.[3]

Early years and family[edit]

Simone Jacob was born on 13 July 1927 to an atheist Jewish family in Nice. Her father André Jacob was an architect who graduated from the Beaux-Arts de Paris and went on to win the Prix de Rome for Architecture.[4] In 1922 he married Yvonne Steinmetz, who had just passed her Baccalauréat and was about to start studying chemistry. André Jacob insisted that she abandon her studies upon marriage.[5] The family had moved from Paris to Nice in 1924, hoping to benefit from construction projects on the Côte d’Azur.[5] Simone was the youngest of four siblings, Madeleine (nicknamed Milou), born in 1923; Denise, born in 1924 and Jean, born in 1925.[6] Her father's family had come from Lorraine, while her mother’s side came from the Rhineland region and from Belgium.[7]

Simone's family was explicitly Jewish but non-practicing.[8] "Being a member of the Jewish community was never a problem. It was proudly claimed by my father, but for cultural reasons, not religious ones," she wrote in her autobiography. "In his eyes, if the Jewish people were to remain the chosen people, it was because they were the people of the Book, the people of thinking and writing."[9]

Deportation[edit]

When Germany invaded France and the Vichy regime came to power in June 1940, the family managed to avoid being deported, as Nice had been included in the Italian occupation zone.[10] Asked not to come to school by its superintendent, Simone Jacob had to study at home. As the round-up of Jews intensified, the family split up and lived with different friends under false identities. Denise left for Lyon to join the resistance, while 16-year-old Simone continued studying and passed her baccalauréat exam under her real name in March 1944.[11] The next day she was arrested by the Gestapo on her way out to meet friends and celebrate the end of her secondary education.[11] The rest of her family was also arrested on that day.

On 7 April 1944, Simone, her mother, and her sisters were sent to the transit camp of Drancy, then on 13 April were deported to Auschwitz in Convoy 71.[4] Simone’s brother and father were deported to the Baltic states in Convoy 73, never to be seen again, and thus assumed to have been murdered. Her sister Denise was deported to the Ravensbrück concentration camp, which she survived, and after the end of World War II in Europe was reunited with Simone.

On 15 April 1944, Simone Jacob arrived at Auschwitz. She later wrote that she managed to avoid the gas chamber by lying about her age and was registered for the labour camp. [12] In January 1945, Simone, along with her mother and sister, was sent on a march to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where her mother died of typhus. Madeleine also fell ill but, like Simone, was saved when the camp was liberated on 15 April 1945. [13]

Return to France[edit]

Simone Jacob returned to France and started studying law at the University of Paris before going to the Institut d'études politiques, where she met Antoine Veil.[14] The couple married on 26 October 1946, and would go on to have three sons, Jean, Nicolas, and Pierre-François. They moved to Germany, where they lived in the American occupied zone.[15] In 1952, Madeleine Jacob died with her son in a car accident after visiting Simone in Stuttgart.[16]

Political career[edit]

Simone Veil in Deauville, 31 May 1988.

Ministry of Justice, 1956–1974[edit]

After graduating from the Faculty of Law of Paris with a law degree, Veil spent several years practising law. In 1954, she passed the national examination to become a magistrate.[17][18] She entered the National Penitentiary Administration under the Ministry of Justice, where she held a senior position and was responsible for judicial affairs.[19] She improved women's prison conditions and the treatment of incarcerated women.[19] In 1964, she left to become the director of civil affairs, where she improved French women's general rights and status.[17] She successfully achieved the right to dual parental control of family legal matters and adoptive rights for women.[17] In 1970, she became secretary general of the Supreme Magistracy Council [fr].[19]

Minister of Health, 1974–1979[edit]

From 1974 to 1979, Veil was a Minister of Health in the governments of prime ministers Jacques Chirac and Raymond Barre: from 28 May 1974 to 29 March 1977, Minister of Health; from 29 March 1977 to 3 April 1978, Minister of Health and Social Security; and from 3 April 1978 to 4 July 1979, Minister of Health and Family.

She pushed forward two notable laws. The first, passed on 4 December 1974, facilitated access to contraception such as the combined oral contraceptive pill, which was legalized in 1967.

The second, passed on 17 January 1975, legalized abortion in France – this was her hardest fought political initiative and the one for which she is best known. The abortion debate was particularly difficult for her because those in favor of keeping abortion illegal launched aggressive personal attacks against Veil and her family.[17] However, since the passing of the law, many have paid tribute to Veil and thanked her for her courageous and determined fight.[17][20]

In 1976, Veil also helped to introduce a ban on smoking in certain public places and worked on the problem of medically underserved rural areas.[21]

European Parliament, 1979–1993[edit]

In 1979, Veil was elected as a Member of the European Parliament in the first European parliamentary election. In its first session, the new Parliament elected Veil as its first President,[21] a position she held until 1982.[22] The archives concerning her term as President of the European Parliament are deposited at the Historical Archives of the European Union in Florence.[23]

In 1981, Veil won the prestigious Charlemagne Prize, an award given to honour the contributions made by individuals to advancing the unity of Europe.[24]

After the end of her term as President in 1982, she remained a member of the European Parliament; she was re-elected for the last time in the 1989 election, stepping down in 1993.[22] She was Chair of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party until 1989.[22]

Between 1984 and 1992, she served on the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, and the Committee on Political Affairs. After stepping down from these committees, she served on the Committee on Foreign Affairs and its related Subcommittee on Human Rights. Between 1989 and 1993, she was also a member of Parliament's delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly, serving as its vice-chairwoman until 1992.[22]

Return to French Government, 1993–1995[edit]

From 31 March 1993 to 16 May 1995, Veil was again a member of the cabinet, serving as Minister of State and Minister of Health, Social Affairs and the city in the government of Prime Minister Édouard Balladur.[25] In the mid-1990s, she worked to help the disabled, HIV-positive patients, and mothers of young children.[21]

Member of the Constitutional Council, 1998[edit]

In 1998, she was appointed to the Constitutional Council of France. In 2005, she put herself briefly on leave from the council in order to campaign in favour of the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. This action was criticized because it seemed to contradict the legal provisions that members of the council should keep a distance from partisan politics: the independence and impartiality of the council would be jeopardized, critics said, if members could put themselves "on leave" in order to campaign for a project.[26] In response, Veil said that she, the president of the Constitutional Council and colleagues had deliberated on the issue beforehand and they had given her permission to take her leave without having to resign. Being a staunch supporter of the European project, she believed others should not "ignore the historical dimension of European integration".[26]

Later life and death[edit]

The coffins of Simone and Antoine Veil under the dome of the Panthéon on 1 July 2018
Rue Soufflot on the day of the Panthéon ceremony
The tombs of Simone and Antoine Veil in the crypt of the Panthéon

In 2003, she was elected to the Board of Directors of the International Criminal Court's Trust Fund for Victims. In 2007, Simone Veil supported presidential candidate Nicolas Sarkozy. She was by his side on the day after he received 31 percent of the vote in the first round of the presidential elections that year.[27]

In 2008, Simone Veil became the sixth woman to be elected to the Académie française. She joined the Academy's forty "immortals", as the members are informally known, occupying the 13th seat, once the seat of literary figure Jean Racine. Her induction address was given in March 2010 by Jean d'Ormesson. On her sword, given to her as to every other immortal, is engraved her Auschwitz number (number 78651), the motto of the French Republic (liberté, égalité, fraternité) and the motto of the European Union, Unity in diversity (Unis dans la diversité).[28]

Veil died at her home on 30 June 2017, at age 89.[29] Her son Jean said at her public ceremony on 5 July, "I forgive you for having poured water over my head", in reference to an event where she had emptied a carafe of water over his head in disgust at what she considered to be his misogynist remarks.[21]

On 5 July 2017, Veil was honoured with a national ceremony and military honours in les Invalides courtyard,[30] after which she was interred next to her husband, who died in 2013, at Montparnasse Cemetery.[31] The ceremony at les Invalides was attended by President Macron, Holocaust survivors, politicians and dignitaries. In his speech during the ceremony, President Macron announced the decision to rebury Veil and her husband in the Panthéon,[32] which was done on 1 July 2018.[33]

Personal life[edit]

  • She and her husband lived in an apartment on the second floor of 11, Place Vauban [fr] in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, on the rive gauche. In 1983 she instigated the Club Vauban, a circle of politicians and intellectuals motivated to abolish political barriers between left and right.

Honours[edit]

National honours[edit]

Foreign honours[edit]

Awards[edit]

Honorary degrees[edit]

The Simone Veil Prize[edit]

In 2018, the government of France established a prize in memory of Veil to honour people who fight for women's causes.[43] The intent is to draw attention to efforts in promoting women's autonomy, education, participation in leadership roles, and freedom from violence and discrimination.[43] The prize is awarded each year on 8 March, International Women's Day, with €100,000 to support work in the winner's area of concern. On 8 March 2019, the first Simone Veil Prize was awarded to Aissa Doumara Ngatansou, co-founder of the Association for the Elimination of Violence against Women (ALVF) in Cameroon.[43][44]

Other recognition[edit]

Publications[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Sauvard, J. (2012). Simone Veil - La force de la conviction (in French). L'Archipel. p. 204. ISBN 978-2-8098-0682-3.
  2. ^ "Le parcours de Simone Veil auprès des Présidents, de Giscard à Sarkozy". BFMTV (in French). 30 June 2017.
  3. ^ Katz, Brigit. "France's Simone Veil Will Become the Fifth Woman Buried in the Panthéon". Smithsonian. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b Veil 2007.
  5. ^ Jump up to:a b Veil 2007, p. 13.
  6. ^ Veil 2007, p. 8.
  7. ^ Veil 2007, p. 10.
  8. ^ Jacquemart, Claude; Garat, Jean-Baptiste (2 July 2017). "Simone Veil, survivante et immortelle" [Simone Veil, survivor and immortal]. Le Figaro (in French). p. 4.
  9. ^ Chemin, Anna (30 June 2017). "Mort de Simone Veil, icône de la lutte pour les droits des femmes" [Death of Simone Veil, icon of the fight for women's rights]. Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  10. ^ Veil 2007, p. 27.
  11. ^ Jump up to:a b Veil 2007, p. 38.
  12. ^ Veil 2007, p. 51.
  13. ^ Veil 2007, p. 76.
  14. ^ Veil 2007, p. 98.
  15. ^ Veil 2007, p. 110.
  16. ^ Veil 2007, p. 109.
  17. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Hottell, Ruth. "Simone Veil". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  18. ^ Veil 2007, p. 116.
  19. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Simone Veil, défenseuse de l'avortement". L'histoire par les femmes (in French). 14 February 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  20. ^ "Simone Veil, French Holocaust survivor who championed women's rights". FRANCE 24. 20 September 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  21. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Casassus, Barbara (22 July 2017). "Obituary Simone Veil". The Lancet. 390 (10092): 356. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31880-9. S2CID 54386828.
  22. ^ Jump up to:a b c d "Simone VEIL: History of parliamentary service". Europa.eu. European Parliament. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  23. ^ "Cabinet de la Présidence Simone Veil". archives.eui.eu. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  24. ^ "Bahrain business pioneer Veil mourned". Trade Arabia. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  25. ^ "Décret n° 76 du 30 MARS 1993 RELATIF LA COMPOSITION DU GOUVERNEMENT" [Decree n° 76 of 30 MARCH 1993 RELATING TO THE COMPOSITION OF THE GOVERNMENT]. Légifrance (in French). Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  26. ^ Jump up to:a b "Référendum : Simone Veil répond à Debré". My TF1 News (in French). Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  27. ^ "Simone Veil rallie Sarkozy" [Simone Veil rallies Sarkozy]. L'Express (in French). Reuters. 8 March 2007.
  28. ^ Hardach, Sophie (18 March 2010). "Auschwitz survivor Veil joins Academie Francaise". U.K.
  29. ^ "Simone Veil est décédée à 89 ans" [Simone Veil died at 89]. Le Journal du Dimanche (in French). 30 June 2017.
  30. ^ "French rights champion Simone Veil given coveted place in Panthéon". The Guardian. 5 July 2017.
  31. ^ Roe, David (5 July 2017). "France buries women's rights icon Simone Veil". Radio France Internationale.
  32. ^ Breeden, Aurelien (5 July 2017). "Simone Veil to Be Laid to Rest in Panthéon, Among France's Revered". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
  33. ^ "Simone Veil". Gariwo. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  34. ^ "Simone Veil faite grand'croix de la Légion d'honneur" [Simone Veil made Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour]. Le Parisien (in French). 10 September 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  35. ^ Veil, Simone (1 September 2009). A life. Haus Publishing.
  36. ^ Intermark, IT. "Simone Veil - Princess of Asturias Awards - The Princess of Asturias Foundation". The Princess of Asturias Foundation.
  37. ^ "Simone Veil, laureate of the North-South Prize 2007". Committee of Ministers Chairmanships. 13 March 2019.
  38. ^ S.A., Sarenet (19 June 2008). "King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofía honour Simone Veil". SUR in English.
  39. ^ "Coudenhove-Kalergi-Plakette: Preisträger" [Coudenhove-Kalergi Badge: Recipients]. Europa Union Deutschland, Kreisverband Münster (in German). Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  40. ^ "The Schiller Prize of the City of Marbach am Neckar 2019 will be awarded to Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard". Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology (in German). 6 April 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
  41. ^ "The Jury". Fondation Chirac.
  42. ^ "C_2018155EN.01000301.xml". eur-lex.europa.eu.
  43. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Launch of the Simone Veil Prize of the French Republic". France Diplomatie. 8 March 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
  44. ^ "Cameroon women's activist wins award in memory of French icon Simone Veil". France 24. 8 March 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
  45. ^ Solís, Jose (18 August 2023). "Simone Veil biopic explores serving others in a world that inflicts pain". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 6 March 2024.

Sources[edit]

External links[edit]

Political offices
Preceded byMinister of Health
1974–1979		Succeeded by
Preceded byPresident of the European Parliament
1979–1982		Succeeded by
Preceded byMinister of Health
1993–1995		Succeeded by
Academic offices
Preceded byInvocation Speaker of the College of Europe
1980		Succeeded by
Awards
Preceded byRecipient of the Charlemagne Prize
1982		Succeeded by
Preceded byRecipient of the Prince of Asturias Awards
2005		Succeeded by
Legal offices
Preceded byMember of the Constitutional Council
1998–2007		Succeeded by
Honorary titles
Preceded byMember of the Académie française
2008–2017		Succeeded by

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