동아시아의 평화와 화해의 정치학 Scrapbook: India vs Pakistan: The 70-Year Conflict In Kashmir Explained

2025-05-09

India vs Pakistan: The 70-Year Conflict In Kashmir Explained

War Stories

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For over 70 years, the region of Kashmir has been a flashpoint between India and Pakistan, fueling decades of conflict and shaping the geopolitical landscape of South Asia. This in-depth documentary explores the historical roots of this enduring dispute, from the tumultuous partition of British India in 1947 to the present day. We delve into the perspectives of both nations, the struggles of the Kashmiri people caught in the middle, and the moments that brought these nuclear-armed neighbors to the brink of war. Understand the key events, political decisions, and international interventions that have defined this complex and volatile conflict, including the revocation of Kashmir's special status and the ongoing tensions along the Line of Control.

War Stories is your one-stop shop for all things military history. From Waterloo to Verdun, we'll be bringing you only the best documentaries and stories from history's most engaging and dramatic conflicts.

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Transcript

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it's a region that has been at war for more than 70

years Kashmir a place rich in culture and

tradition home to Muslims Hindus Buddhists and Sikhs

A state which has for decades fermented hate and fanaticism driving apart two countries

who were once one Kashmir is usually portrayed as as a

beautiful woman uh who is stuck between these brute nations of India and Pakistan The fact is that India and

Pakistan will never be settled neighbors Each nation secretly seeks to assert its

control over the region But with every clandestine confrontation the stakes get higher You

keep your fingers crossed You're nervous because what if it goes out of control

what if they deploy nuclear weapons caught in the middle the Kashmiri people

On the 5th of August 2019 Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi

revoked Kashmir's special status in India's constitution taking away its

autonomy Bitterly opposed to anyone else running their affairs thousands of

Kashmiris take to the streets The retribution from India is

swift Prime Minister Narendra Modi orders his soldiers to take control

arresting anyone who gets in their way How was Modi able to secretly seize

one of South Asia's most contentious territories what dark deals have been

done by world leaders to prolong the conflict in Kashmir

somebody

India was the jewel of the British Empire But in the aftermath of the

Second World War Britain's treasury was depleted India was a prize Britain could

no longer afford At the end of the Second World War Britain was absolutely bankrupt for

fairly obvious reasons And yet it was holding on to a major empire across the

world and the Labour government decided we have to give India independence as soon as possible and Manbatton who was

the last viceroy of India actually did a pretty quick job um and Manbatton simply

said we are leaving in 1947 and that was a sort of shock treatment that all of the parties who were vying for power in

postindependence India would have to get their act together pretty quickly India's political leaders were deeply

divided along religious lines s Muslims and Hindus started attacking

each other as the British withdrew On the 14th of August

1947 the Muslim majority nation of Pakistan was formed under its founder

and first president Muhammad Ali Jina The Hindu majority nation of India

followed a day later under its first prime minister Jawaharal Neu

The conflict between India and Pakistan goes back to 1947 Partition was a a

sudden and fairly brutal process And the problem was that Kashmir uh which is

both Muslim and Hindu was made into a a special status territory uh both for

Pakistan and for India and it was never reconciled to either of them

This hurriedly decided partition with little thought to the region's history and culture became a grim reality

More than 15 million people were forced to abandon their homes as religious

groups who had coexisted for generations turned on each other

It left a great mess in Kashmir and the intercomunal violence that took place uh

certainly involved millions of people and hundreds of thousands of deaths some say millions of deaths in the chaos that

followed as the region was divided in two Civil

unrest broke out in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir

at the time of Indian Pakistani independence from British rule Jammu and Kashmir wasn't under direct

administration of the British Empire So the princely states were given the option of uh essentially joining either

India or Pakistan depending on you know contiguity and demographics Kashmir in

particular provided a quite complicated case given that it was contiguous to both India and Pakistan and had a Hindu

ruler but a Muslim majority population At the time of partition Kashmir was

ruled by the seek ruler Maharaja Haris Singh Caught between two powerful

nations he stalled for time India's political leader Jawah

Halal Neu had Kashmiri roots Like many Hindus he and Mahatma

Gandhi saw the region as a key part of modern India

But Muslim veterans newly returned to Kashmir after fighting for Britain in

World War II wanted to take their homeland into

Pakistan Facing repeated uprisings and unrest from both sides in 1947 Maharaja

Singh signed the instrument of assession also known as article 370

This gave India sovereignty over Kashmir The two versions to it One was that he

voluntarily signed an instrument of accession with India The other is we were forced to sign an instrument of

accession But whatever way you look at it the result was that the instrument of

accession allowed Indian troops to come into to force their way into Kashmir

valley and fight That instrument of accession does not

give India an unconditional right to Kashmir It has certain restrictions Those restrictions being that India can

only make law on defense communications and foreign affairs

It would later be revealed that Pakistan had been supplying the Kashmiri Muslims

with weapons There was an underneath war which was

being planned without knowledge of the commanders at the top who were British

What Pakistani officers did was put together this small group of tribal

warriors and send them pack them off to Kashmir to fight Thousands of people

fled into refugee camps on both sides of the border India went to um the UN asking that

Pakistan be stopped and that's the beginning of the first two resolutions

at the United Nations on Kashmir which got UN involved in the Kashmir conflict

A ceasefire line was agreed splitting Kashmir in two

65% remained under India's control 35%

was now part of Pakistan At the time the provisions of the UN security council

resolutions did not make a provision for a sort of Kashmir independence which was one of the desires of the people at

least within the Kashmir valley if not the broader region

In 1972 the ceasefire line was reclassified as the formal line of

control the de facto border of Kashmir To this day

there is a line of control across Kashmir which is a rel relatively narrow uh territory and that line of control

varies according to the route of rivers and in any given winter the rivers will

change their route and the line of control moves north a bit and south a bit and causes immense tension between

the people who live either side of that line of control Even as this border was being agreed

both India and Pakistan's military were secretly starting to undermine

it Bigger battles were yet to come between these fierce and ultimately

nuclear rivals This line of control has is one of the most densely militarized zones in the

world where you have two armies of uh two very populous nations staring down

each other After partition India inherited the

bureaucracy left by the British It had a centrally functioning

government through which it could assert its control over

Kashmir Pakistan by contrast suffered from a weak

economy Slowly it forged an identity based upon the supremacy of its

military In 1958 the general Muhammad Aub Khan

seized power in a military coup Our people were frustrated They felt that it

is a perfectly good people good country being ruined perhaps by the people who were responsible for running the country

or the system How Pakistan military became important goes back to 1947-48

the first war between India and Pakistan that started it all Pakistan turned into

a national security state There was all this propaganda about how India was this

big enemy which made Pakistan military extremely important With popular public

support and new powerful western allies Aub Khan and his generals believed they

now had the strength to win back

Kashmir The US is the first one of the first countries to recognize Pakistan as an independent state uh and has a very

close relationship with it The fact that Pakistan's neighbor India uh is allied

to the Soviet Union means within the cold war Pakistan is seen as a a key

ally to the United States Pakistan had gotten stronger It had got American aid

So there was military modernization It could take on India So there was a lot of confidence there

By the 1960s freshly supplied with US tanks and artillery Pakistan decided to

act over Kashmir In August 1965 it launched a covert mission

classified as Operation Gibralta What we see in

1965 a plan executed whereby Pakistani military dropped its troops behind enemy

lines which is across the line of control on the Indian side in Kashmir

with the hope that these troops would encourage local Kashmiris to rise up

against and fight the Indian military the plan didn't work but it then

provoked India to respond So they were not just fighting Pakistani troops they

were fighting local Kashmiris as well and so that was beginning of local involvement in Kashmir of a

paramilitary and military by India India responded to this covert action

carried out by Pakistani troops by crossing the ceasefire line and attacking Lahore in

Pakistan Amid heavy fighting the USA and USSR used diplomatic means to persuade

both armies to fall back to the ceasefire line In

1969 General Ayab Khan resigned as Pakistan's prime

minister But Operation Gibraltar was to have a lasting legacy on his country's

foreign policy The military propaganda machine

rewrote the covert invasion of Kashmir as a success for Pakistan Over time it began to believe

its own fiction India's military also claimed

victory But the government in New Delhi was shaken Pakistan's secret paramilitary

forces had infiltrated Kashmir without their knowledge

India's prime minister Indira Gandhi sought another way to weaken

Pakistan During partition in 1947 the British cut the state of Bengal

in two giving half of the region to Pakistan This was despite its

geographical position at the opposite end of the Himalayas Indra Gandhi

addressed the biggest vulnerability in Pakistan's architecture which was it had

two wings West Pakistan and East Pakistan separated by 1,000 miles of

enemy territory which is India I mean it's unimaginable that kind of a country

By 1970 separatist movements in East Pakistan were keen to break away from

Islamabad and form their own independent state In

1970s Bengalies were more than all the Pakistanis put together in West Pakistan

and they wanted acceptance of their own identity Prime Minister Indirara Gandhi

encouraged these breakaway groups secretly supplying Bengali fighters with

weapons intelligence and money For the sake of India security and Indian

nationalism if East Pakistan became a separate country they could deal with it separately and East Pakistan would

always be weaker as a separate country than as part of Pakistan

In March 1971 voters in East Pakistan elected the separatist leaders who would push West

Pakistan to recognize Bengali rights The real reason for the uprising

in East Pakistan was that they thought they were being exploited A lot of lies

that are told Uh but the fact is that these lies were used by the military to

very harshly deal with people who were basically demanding their

rights Pakistan's new prime minister Zulfi Karuto fearing his country was

about to split in two launched a brutal crackdown As the Pakistan military

cracked down on Bengales India was drawn further into the conflict

Millions of refugees crossed its borders Indira Gandhi appealed to world

leaders to intervene to stop the bloodshed while continuing her support

for Bengali separatists She hoped that the international community would grant the

Bengales independence from Pakistan Kashmir however was a different

story All the things that Indirara Gandhi said about the right of Muslims to be Muslim

in the new Bangladesh didn't extend to Kashmir And the Indians have always had this really strong sense that that

Kashmir should have been Indian from the start in 1947 that this is a historic injustice that they lay at the at the

feet of the of the British um and that they must do all they can to change it

In December 1971 in a bid to put a stop to India's interference in Bengal Pakistan launched

a series of air strikes against Indian air bases in Kashmir India responded with

force Its army captured some 90,000 Pakistani troops in eastern

Pakistan in one of the shortest wars in history only 13 days

This represented a comprehensive and humiliating defeat for BH's government On the 16th of December

1971 Eastern Pakistan became the new sovereign state of Bangladesh

It marked quite an existential crisis for Pakistan Essentially losing a significant chunk of its territory with

a significant chunk of population But apart from that issue uh it created a significant crisis in terms of uh just

the identity of Pakistan as a home for South Asian Muslims uh which was the

basis behind its creation BH was to pay the ultimate price for

Pakistan's defeat in 1977 The president was overthrown in a

military coup and executed by the generals who usered his

power Since India refused to negotiate over Kashmir's future BH's successor

General Muhammad Zia Alhak courted international allies in the hope of

expanding his regime's influence Pakistan has also always

played the United States here Really they've known how to get what they want from the US have known how to draw

maximum military aid how to exploit their position in that region as as something that the United States uh

needs to use for their own national security goals while at the same time remaining very true to their own goals

and interests Zia consolidated his power by

introducing a radical new agenda of Islamization into his country

Pakistan's defeat in Kashmir was reframed by hardline Islamic preachers

as a jihadist struggle which was gaining momentum But they needed weapons and

warriors to wage their holy war In December 1979 in the shadow of

the cold war Zia found a way to provide both

Soviet troops invaded Pakistan's neighbor Afghanistan in an attempt to bolster the

communist government in Kabul Resistance from Afghan warlords

was swift and Zia allowed Muslim mujahedin forces to establish training

camps in the north of his country He instructed Pakistan's secretive spy

division the interervices intelligence directorate or ISI to support the

Taliban One man who would receive this support was Osama bin

Laden During the last years of the cold war by helping thwart the Soviet army in

Afghanistan Pakistan became the third largest recipient of American military

aid United States was too far away and too uncommitted

uh to come and directly fight a war in Afghanistan India and Pakistan both

became subject to the geopolitical games of the cold war in the 1980s under the

military dictatorship of Zire become extremely relevant especially as

Pakistan becomes a hub through which the United States uh launches one of its uh

largest and most significant covert operations the uh CIA sponsored um

opposition to the the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan

As Pakistan's access to military aid increased Indirara Gandhi's government

sought to curb Islamabad's resurgence by building a relationship with the USSR

India sided in effect with the Soviet Union It got its weapons from the Soviet Union It used its relationship with the

Soviet Union to prove that it wasn't just a puppet of the United States and the West And that um that policy locked

India into some pretty strong cold war stances and that resulted of course in

the west and particularly the United States backing Pakistan uh even more strongly

In 1980 India became one of the world's largest arms

importer and Moscow was its purse The Soviets provided a $1.6 6

billion loan for military purchases Both countries now entered a

secretive arms race one which would take the world to the brink of nuclear

war By 1989 after years of fierce fighting in the cold mountains of

Afghanistan the Soviet army finally admitted defeat to the

Mujahedin Abandoning the communist government they had propped up in Kabul

The Soviets withdrew and the Taliban took charge

Through the 1990s it begins to become more murky and more complex Pakistan and

the border region becomes a hub for non-state terrorist groups and the FBI

and the CIA begin to recognize this as a new area of an emergent uh Sunni jihadi

terrorist threat General Zia's regime had secretly been

using America's money to fund Islamist terror cells across South Asia

In August 1988 a plane carrying General Zia Ulhap

crashed Everyone on board was killed With Zia's death a power vacuum

opened up Something the more radical elements of Pakistani society were keen

to exploit There were other militant groups from

Pakistan who had fought in Afghanistan who were battleh hardened and some of

these militants actually then made their way into the Kashmir valley The late

1980s was critical period u in changing the nature of the conflict in Jammu and Kashmir In 1987 there were elections in

India and the the elections were widely seen as rigged within Jammu and Kashmir This led to significant unrest was sort

of the trigger for the insurgency that continued for several years and continues until now and led to the

formation of more hardline militant uh organizations in the Kashmir rally

Indian troops were unable to distinguish between radical Islamic fighters and Kashmiri villagers angry at the

continued denial of independence The Indian government claim that

Kashmiri separatists Muslim separatists operate in the south uh and create uh a

lot of social division and commit acts of terrorism And Pakistan claims that

India constantly tries to push the line of control and is constantly looking at at the possible conquest of of uh the

Pakistani area the northern part of the uh Kashmir uh territories

As violent clashes unfolded India and Pakistan were pursuing potent military

power on another scale

As Pakistan pursued enriched uranium India secretly sought its own

nuclear weapon Cenamed Smiling Buddha the device

was one of Indira Gandhi's bestkept secrets Only a handful of generals knew

of its development On the 18th of May

1974 India shocked the world by successfully testing smiling

Buddha What 1974 Indian nuclear test did it drew

international attention It was as India claimed a peaceful nuclear program but

also a signal to the world that India had acquired the potential to go atomic

and therefore should not be taken lightly India had exploded a bomb in

1974 but it was a peaceful nuclear explosion according to the Indians and they didn't do anything else after that

But in 1998 Pakistan tested a weapon India tested a weapon and they both joined the nuclear club

there were new stakes to be considered on the border skirmishes in Kashmir

So since then we have an an inherently stable border situation between two

powers who are geopolitically opposed in South Asia who are religiously opposed

and who um are both nuclear powers As both nations revealed their

nuclear capability in Kashmir the Islamist insurgency ramped up the

pressure on India In August 1999 Indian and Pakistani troops

exchanged artillery fire across the line of control

The costs of India moving into Pakistani territory were seen to be extremely high and Indian troops in spite of suffering

a lot of attrition a lot of casualties did not cross the line of control for fear of nuclear escalation

Indian troops patrolling the Kashmir mountains that summer found the positions they had previously held were

now occupied Pakistani fighters had once again secretly invaded

Kashmir In some places insurgent units had infiltrated more than 10 kilometers

into Indian controlled Kashmir India maintained that these

terrorists were financed and trained by Pakistan Pakistan denied this however adamantly

insisting the troops were Kashmiri freedom fighters deserving of moral support

Every skirmish has become more intense than the previous one The United States

primary goal has been to try to prevent a war in that region They see a conflict

in that region as potentially catastrophic In the case of Pakistan with a great deal of of internal

dissension a great deal of of civil unrest it is not even clear to the rest of the world that Pakistan's nuclear

weapons are safely under control There is a a great sense of impending world

crisis between India and Pakistan We are working very closely uh with the United States uh and indeed with other members

of the security council to do everything we can to avert the risk of serious

conflict This is a conflict between two independent nations large independent

nations India and Pakistan and it can only be resolved bilaterally Their position is that it needs to be mediated

between those two governments that they need to find their own solution but they've never really been able to

successfully play a peacemaker role there despite um on occasions personal

interventions on the part of presidents It is also critical to note that there is no bilateral crisis management

mechanism between India and Pakistan So the United States uh in particular as

well as sort of the United Kingdom and some other international actors play a very important role

In Kashmir suicide bombings of army stations followed by brutal crackdowns

on rural populations continued through the

1990s But Pakistan's confidence that it could continue to back Islamic groups in the region whilst keeping America on

their side was about to be tested to the

limit Following the September 11th terrorist attacks in New York in

2001 Washington substantially shifted its relationship with Islamabad

So this combination of um souring relations over their closeness to the

Taliban their funding of the Taliban uh their protection of Osama bin Laden and

their persistent development of nuclear weapons means that by the time uh 9/11

occurs relations between these two countries are uh very tense um and quite

dysfunctional No longer a cold war ally the Pakistani

government found itself branded a friend of terrorists something it was forced to

confront again when those same fighters took their fight to

India On September the 20th 2001 9 days after the attacks on the

World Trade Center the United States government declared a war on terrorism

They will be stopped and they will be punished

The message was very clear You are either with us or with the terrorists This new war placed Pakistan

in the dilemma of either continuing to support the Taliban or disavow them and

also disengaging from its geopolitical interest in Afghanistan and Kashmir Both

considered vital to its national security President Musharaf assumed a

deceitful position that ended up breaking Washington's trust He declared his unconditional

support for the war on terrorism but continued to provide aid to Kashmiri

separatist and Muslim guerrillas For the CIA the Pakistani

Intelligence Bureau continues to support and promote terrorism in the name of Pakistan's geostrategic

interests helping its ruling elite and destabilizing its enemies by supporting

Sunni Islamists in the region The militant groups really

changed the battle lines in uh in Kashmir Instead of that being a

political movement uh it became a militant movement

Fearful of losing more US support the Pakistan government led by President

Perves Masharaf had taken steps to curb the extremist Islamic terror

networks The Islamic militant groups who had contributed to the bloodshed in Kashmir started attacking targets in

Pakistan The nation became an active player in

the war against terrorism The Taliban guerrillas

intensified military operations in territories to the south and north The

actions led to an undeclared armed conflict against the Pakistani army The failure of the military operations

and the escalation of the clashes in 2004 and 2005 further complicated the relations

between Pakistan and the United States America blamed Musharafh for the

advances of the Taliban in the southern provinces despite the large amount of aid

received In 2006 India's government responded by

redeploying thousands of troops away from the line of control President Musharaf and Prime

Minister Manuan Singh came up with a formula to move towards a resolution However this process stalled at sort of

later stages when it moved towards details and towards more thorny issues Still when a train was bombed by

Kashmiri separatists in February 2007 India chose a policy of

restraint These tentative steps towards peace were only rewarded with more

bloodshed On November the 26th 2008 armed gunmen from the Islamic terrorist

group Lashkari Taabar attacked Mumbai and in particular the jewel in its crown

The worldrenowned and opulent Taj Mahal Palace Hotel Mumbai attacks were very

different in their constitution It was no longer a a battle fought on the line

of control or in Kashmir It was a fight which had been taken into the streets of

India uh killing hundreds of people innocent people people who were not

expecting such uh an attack to happen It really shook the imagination of Indian

people and generated an anger a spirit of anger

India claimed that the terror group were a direct proxy of the Pakistani state intelligence service the feared

ISI Pakistan denied the

accusations In 2011 the already deteriorated relations between the

United States and Pakistan reached their lowest point when the US launched an

operation to kill Osama bin Laden in Abadabad For many in the Pakistani

military this was a bridge too far It meant an unacceptable violation of its

national sovereignty In 2014 voters swept the Hindu nationalist

Narendra Modi to power His BJP party began to pursue a

nationalist agenda One of its founding fathers had argued that in one country

you cannot have two constitutions and two leaders and two flags Indian prime minister now has taken a very assertive

view on Kashmir Modi's government ordered artillery

bombardments along the line of control in response to attacks on civilian and

military targets Thousands of Kashmiris start to protest

against their treatment

As the world refrains from getting involved technology has brought the

daily battles in Kashmir to a larger partisan audience

In July 2018 Imran Khan claims to have won the elections in Pakistan and gives

a reckless warning

If the world does nothing to stop the Indian assault on Kashmir and its people two nuclear armed states will come

closer to a direct military confrontation Both sides repeatedly

interfere with mainstream media outlets ensuring their people see the conflict

through their specific nationalistic prism

In 2019 seeking reelection Indian Prime Minister Modi seeks to capitalize on the

reach of social media His party BJP sent messages to

millions of people claiming that Modi was going to revoke Kashmir's special status and open up the state to Hindus

from across India He also uses social media extremely well

as well as conventional media in terms of who he engages with selectively to make sure he reaches his audience

Hindus no longer view the suicide bombings in Kashmir as a local insurgency against the region's local

elites The aftermath of each attack is frequently shared to people's phones

So Modi has made each bombing feel like an attack on all of modern India

The Indian response of the air strike in Balakot in Kyber Paktunka in Pakistan

gave him a significant boost in terms of uh his image as being a strong nationalist leader This is something

that aligned with the aspirations of India as a growing international actor

and growing in importance as as a geopolitical

actor Modi wins elections on the 23rd of May

2019 In August his troops take control in Kashmir

The first thing to go Kashmir's special status in India's constitution

Article 370 when read with article 35A implies that only Kashmiris can buy land

in Kashmir It implies that only Kashmiris are eligible for certain employment for certain jobs in Kashmir

It gives these protections to the people of Kashmir So what the government of India has done on August 5 2019 is

basically they they have amended article 370 without following the procedure that was agreed upon by Kashmir and by India

So in effect they have violated the international treaty They have violated the instrument of accession

Modi's recent actions in Kashmir um are inspired not just by the in lessons

which India has learned in the course of 71 years of conflict over Kashmir but

really his hindutwa ideology It's more to do with the kind of India that Modi

wants to produce a majoritarian rule where there's very little room for

Kashmiris asking for independence or for exercising their choice to perhaps go

and join um Pakistan or even autonomy

No longer America's cozy cold war ally Pakistan could only protest

In Britain both British Pakistanis and Hindus have lobbied parliament on

Kashmir Security experts have warned of possible radicalization in the

UK Still little has been done

Neither India nor Pakistan seems willing to give up their claim to sovereignty over Kashmir

The option which Modi has given to Pakistan it's a he has given an option

to Kashmiris which is that lay down your arms become integrated

into India stop your movements The signal to Pakistan is you know this is

I'm drawing a line here uh if you want to use military uh by all means then I'm

going to fight back So the only question that needs to be asked is whether the people who are living on the other side

of the line of control the side that India calls Pakistan occupied Kashmir and Pakistan calls Azad Kashmir which

means free Kashmir The only question that needs to be asked about that area is not whether India wants to uh

recapture it or not but whether the people living in that area want to merge with India or not Many international

actors have tried to broker a deal on Kashmir and the obvious deal is staring everyone in the face which is that

southern Kashmir is intrinsically Indian and northern Kashmir is intrinsically Pakistani and the populations will get

used to that idea even though they are they're intercommunal That's the solution

back A simple solution on paper

But after decades of conflict Kashmir still remains an open sour between these

two nuclear giants A focus for their differences in culture

faith and territorial ambition and a wound that doesn't look like it

will be healing anytime soon

883 Comments

Sejin Lifeforce 生命

Add a comment...

@kiwiPatchAz

2 days ago

Prepare to be trending.....

427

2 replies

@alexnel5152

2 days ago

Impeccable timing haha

707

23 replies

@mynamethog1151

2 days ago

Everyone talking about the impeccable timing of this doco, it’s because it’s a reupload 😅

211

3 replies

@ZOV24-2-22

2 days ago

India and Pakistan are going to have to chill out or i’m going to have to step in

374

21 replies

@tomaszgawin7685

2 days ago (edited)

I like how they describe the East Pakistan breakaway, as an Indian operation to weaken Pakistan, instead of talking about the atrocities committed by Pakistan towards the Bengali.

257

18 replies

@jax3695

2 days ago

People saying perfect timing like they didn’t release this because of the recent hostilities…

135

6 replies

@carlbyronthompson

2 days ago

Huh, I always thought Led Zeppelin owned Kashmir.

226

19 replies

@hansolo9585

2 days ago

Crazy how much of today’s conflicts can be traced to Great Britain

162

28 replies

@CasualClassical

17 hours ago

Incredible that China was never mentioned once. They are just as big a player in the history of this conflict as the USSR and USA

@pheonixmmkc

1 day ago

When scam calls come in, i always pretend im from the other country

2 replies

@MrDuceOwen

2 days ago

Anyone else low key wanna be an Indian stick guy? Seems fun.

1 reply

@joelapp

2 days ago

Islam is always the fly in the ointment wherever it goes

103

7 replies

@ghostlytavern129

1 day ago

Thank you for this video! I don’t know a lot about India or Pakistan and with this war starting up I really wanted to try to understand where this came from!

@Duloclankipchak

2 days ago

Indians and Pakistanis are brothers and you guys should unite and not hate each other. It shouldn't matter if one is Hindu and one is Muslim. You guys should become one!!!!

15 replies

@MrReymoclif714

2 days ago

#CharlieWilsonsWar?

@caseywoods7715

1 day ago

With WAR, nobody wins. Father, Mothers, Sons and daughters will die. And the ones who stay alive are morning for their parents, brothers and sisters, and friends they may have lost. You can wage war, yes. But in the end, even if you win, you will still lose 😢

@cristian-mnr

1 day ago

Follow Christ

@spikespa5208

1 day ago

But it does matter, to them . Just have to hope someone doesn't fire the wrong type of rocket .

@Nykanoi

1 day ago

The whole reason Pakistan was inceptioned was because of the fears of a figure such as Modi favoring Hindus over Muslims, as Muslims would always be the minority. Look at Jinnah vs. Neru's wishes for the subcontinent via their speeches. Pakistan was originally supposed to be the flipped version of India, as being a Muslim majority state with a Hindu Minority, in which both parties could live in harmony and the power was balanced. As we've seen now, the plan Jinnah wished for did not go as planned.

Show more replies

@trj1442

2 days ago

I hope they can sort it out over a game of cricket, without bullets and nukes.

2 replies

@TheTangential

2 days ago

Same

@MrReymoclif714

1 day ago

Optimism is good.

@ronaldfreitag-r4x

12 hours ago

China supports pakistan but that's only beacause of where they are, if they could gain india's part of kasmir they'll be eyeing pakistan's part next!

@drewpooters62

2 days ago

We always felt that three regions, Isreal, Iran and Kashmir, would be the sites that WWIII would start at...nice not to be disappointed.

7 replies

@MichaelSnyder1776

2 days ago

What is taiwan chopped liver?!

@dbranch23

2 days ago

Ukraine is game to you?!

@outdoorloser4340

2 days ago

I'm from the future and the correct answer is Canada.

@drewpooters62

2 days ago

@MichaelSnyder1776 Taiwan has been an issue, but an invasion and nuclear exchange is pegged at a lower risk than the simmering issues in the Kashmir. I've watched this for damn year 35 years. USAF Security Police, Retired.

@louismccomack9524

1 day ago

@MichaelSnyder1776 china wouldn’t dare lol. The whole South China Sea would get attacked. Plus they have the USA

@spikespa5208

1 day ago

@drewpooters62 Israel .

@harleymiles9926

1 day ago

Suwalki gap

@asilentvoice1007

1 day ago (edited)

The then king of Kashmir had signed a treaty to be part of India in 1947 and it's legally part of India. Religious extremists changed the demographics to make it more Islamic and threatened/drove other religious group. Creating the current state of Kashmir.

5 replies

@xavierardanaz7679

1 day ago

As in Israel, the British leaving quite the mess.

1 reply

@skyking6989

2 days ago

Know islam..no peace..no islam..know peace

10 replies

@jackiehuff6682

2 days ago

I just hope everybody has a good time

1 reply

@thomaskim3128

2 days ago

The Brits left a mess when they retreated, from the Falklands, the Subcontinents, Tibet...

8 replies

@Nomicro4u

2 days ago

Just in time for those of us with our heads in the sand!

@thoughtsuncensored7321

16 hours ago (edited)

2:59 British left India after 200 years of looting and when nothing was left to loot!!!

1 reply

@andygerm.

1 day ago

so there's 2 major conflicts raging the world because Britain just kinda gave up on their failed investments?

3 replies

@crashb133

2 days ago

Perfect timing

2 replies

@ElaineBlairdavis

2 days ago

Didnt know anything about this conflict. Fantastic doc as always, 10/10

1 reply

@cynthiaalver

2 days ago

Thank you for the video. I crave learning and this is an area I've wondered about a lot.

@SJ-yf5wh

2 days ago

“Grrrr rabble rabble we hate each other because we don’t agree on what happens after we die grrrrr”

2 replies

@dylangoodman3936

21 hours ago

"Partition was a sudden and fairly brutal process..." MASSIVE understatement from the British guy lol

@davidfairfield651

1 day ago

Very interesting. I have known they are enemies of each for decades, as long as I have been alive and remember but I never knew why or curious enough to see why so I thought I might as well watch this video and get to the bottom of the confliction between the two. Not much different the circumstances of why when you see other countries at odds and what's behind the rivalry. Thank you for making this video and I'm glad I took the time to educate myself by watching it. One day I hope world peace will become a reality and lives are no longer squandered in the name of land, religion or culture and we can all play nice together and build each other up instead of tearing one another down.

@tl2931

1 day ago

Thanks for the explanation! Was curious what the conflict between both nations were about

@tommychew6544

1 day ago

This is a very telling episode, thanks for sharing it, I didn't know the history!

@3BIII

2 days ago

War Stories has the script.

@sixsixsix.

1 day ago

U.K. seem to have their hands in everyone's cookie jar🤦

@equarg

22 hours ago

A wounded, ripped open in April 22nd, and now the world is remembering this conflict….again.

@Your.Uncle.AngMoh

2 days ago

Not much has changed in the five years since this was made.

@redcossack245

10 hours ago

Good report. Thank you.

@JetHeartland

2 days ago

Ding ding ding, Round 4 let's go!

1 reply

@user-zv8gd3jl7q

1 day ago

Pakistan is a British establishment 1947. Pakistanis in reality are Indian Muslim settlers in occupied Afghan territory. Northern half of Pakistan was occupied from the Afghans, it was legally and morally Afghan land (southern khorasan)

3 replies

@MutedGrowl

1 day ago

You know what’s wild? The common denominator in all these Middle East conflicts…Great Britain

@ultrajd

2 days ago

Pakistan has about as much right to the Cashmere region as China does to Tibet or as Palestine does to existence i.e. none at all. In fact, Pakistan shouldn’t even really be allowed to be as big of a player as it is in the world, considering the fact that the nation has only existed since The 40s. Pakistan is just a breakaway province of India. Nothing more nothing less.

Can we also point out the fact that the Pakistani government knowingly sheltered Osama bin Laden?

20 replies

@MangoMan360

14 hours ago

Amazing facts.... thank you

@CrossCultural-c7f

23 hours ago

Thank you for your telling of the history of the discord between India & Pakistan accompanied by the stories of Kasmir, the emergence of Bangladesh from West Pakistan. Oh dear! The story saddens me.

@horse4you

18 hours ago (edited)

The narrator Kate Fleetwood is very good. This is a crisis and complicated. I pray for peace.

@EricShingles-p6q

1 day ago

They wont beat India, a country respected by many of the worlds peoples

2025-05-09

India vs Pakistan: The 70-Year Conflict In Kashmir Explained

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