ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
Page 14 Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem, Israel, PHG \ 1007561
Page 31 Inventing Our Life: The Kibbutz Experiment (2010), a film by Toby Perl Freilich. © First Run Features / Courtesy Everett Collec-
tion.
Page 52 AP Photo / JP / © Associated Press
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Page 69 Leon Uris, Exodus (Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co., 1958). Reproduction courtesy of Harry Ransom Center, University of
Texas at Austin.
Page 74 Exodus (1960), Otto Preminger Films / United Artists. Moviestore collection Ltd / Alamy Stock Photo.
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and the LIFE logo are registered trademarks of Time Inc. Used under license.
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under License.
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ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
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Page 31 Inventing Our Life: The Kibbutz Experiment (2010), a film by Toby Perl Freilich. © First Run Features / Courtesy Everett Collection.
Page 52 AP Photo / JP / © Associated Press
Page 61 AFP / Getty Images
Page 69 Leon Uris, Exodus (Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co., 1958). Reproduction courtesy of Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin.
Page 74 Exodus (1960), Otto Preminger Films / United Artists. Moviestore collection Ltd / Alamy Stock Photo.
Page 103 Photo of Yossi Ben Hanan by Denis Cameron / Rex Features / Shutterstock. LIFE Logo and cover design © Time Inc. LIFE and the LIFE logo are registered trademarks of Time Inc. Used under license.
Page 107 Photo by David Rubinger / LIFE Images Collection / Getty Images
Page 109 Photo © Micha Bar Am / Magnum Photos
Page 120 Illustration by Hector Garrido © 1968 Time Inc. All rights reserved. TIME and TIME logo are registered trademarks of Time Inc. Used under License.
Page 133 AUTH © The Philadelphia Inquirer. Reprinted by permission of Andrews McMeel Syndication. All rights reserved.
Page 138 Photo by Dominique Faget / AFP / Getty Images
Page 150 Photo by Bill Foley © 1982 Time Inc. All rights reserved. TIME and TIME logo are registered trademarks of Time Inc. Used under License.
Page 150 Illustration by Richard Newton. Used by permission of the artist. From Newsweek, October 4, 1982 © 1982 Newsweek Media Group. All rights reserved. Used by permission and protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States. The printing, copying, redistribution, or retransmission of this Content without express written permission is prohibited.
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Page 189 Couresty CSU Archives / Everett Collection
Page 203 Photo by Julio Cortez / AP Photo / © Associated Press
Page 225 Cover design taken from 2011 edition of Assassins, by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins. Copyright © 1999 by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
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==
INDEX
Note: Page numbers in italics indicate figures.
Abbot, Abiel, “Traits of Resemblance in the People of the United States of America to Ancient Israel,” 5, 9
Accuracy in Media (AIM), 158
African Americans: on Israel and South Africa, 113, 115; response to Six-Day War, 111–114
Allon, Yigal, 67
al-Qaeda, 238–239, 242, 244, 251, 252, 254, 262
Alsop, Joseph, 40, 117–118, 301n65
American Council for Judaism (AJC), 18–19, 40; Issues, 93
American Crusade against Lynching, 16
American Friends of Haganah, 64
American frontier myth, 4–5, 48, 207, 211; compared to Zionism, 20, 30, 42, 59, 72–73; Hollywood Western, 5, 68, 230; Manifest
Destiny and, 116, 207, 211, 230. See also Exodus (film); Exodus (Uris)
American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), 158–161, 165, 187, 275, 308n54; AIPAC College Guide, 159–160; The Campaign to
Discredit Israel, 159–160; Near East Report, 187; Netanyahu’s speech to (2012), 205; Trump’s speech to (2016), 275
American Jewish Committee, 187
American Jewish Congress: “Hasbara: Israel’s Public Image,” 153–154; on the Moral Majority, 235
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 18
American Jews: Christian Right, relationship with, 235, 238; cultural work on behalf of Israel, 8–9; Holocaust memorialization, 147,
181, 198, 312n6, 312n8; Lebanon War (1982), response to, 147–149, 151; Six-Day War, response to 98, 183; views of Palestinians and
first intifada, 197
American Legion, 25
American Zionist Emergency Council (AZEC), 18, 40, 43
Amin, Idi, 131, 132–133, 135
Amir, Yigal, 234
Anemone, Louis, 262
Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, 13–38, 14; Cairo hearings, 26–29; composition of committee, 13; DP camps visit, 21–22; final
report, 26, 34, 37; interim report attempted, 23–24; Jerusalem hearings, 33–36; Lausanne, final deliberations, 36–37; Washington
D.C., hearings, 17–19. See alsoCrossman, Richard; Crum, Bartley; Hutcheson, Joseph; Lowdermilk, Walter Clay
Angry Hills, The (Uris), 68
Anti-Americanism, 157, 254–255
Anticolonialism, 80–81, 86–88; as U.S. explanation for opposing Sinai-Suez War, 87–88. See alsoGreat Britain
Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith (ADL), 153, 155, 158–161, 175, 183; blacklisting of critics of Israel, 161; Christian Right, rela-
tionship with, 235–237; Pro-Arab Propaganda in America, 159–160; sponsorship of American police training program in Israel, 261,
266
Anti-Semitism: in America, 10; accusation of in criticism of Lebanon War news coverage, 155–156; in Europe, 23; global resurgence
after Lebanon War, 193, 314n28; immigration laws discriminating against Jewish refugees, 23–25; paradox of pro-Zionist arguments,
23; Podhoretz definition of, 156; postwar attitude changes toward, 25–26
A. Philip Randolph Institute, 114
“Arab and Jew” (PBS), 175
Arab and Jew (Shipler), 166–169, 173–174
Arab Revolt of 1936–1939, 76
Arabs: Arab Americans and Exodus, 91–92, 296n72; call for humanitarian treatment of, 53; displacement after partition and war,
49–51, 53; refugees, 53–55, 99, 298n13; stereotypes of, 85. See alsoMiddle East
Arafat, Yasser, 119–121, 120, 124; ABC News interview in Beirut (1982), 141; Oslo Accords and, 234; publicly recognized Israel’s right
to exist, 172; second intifada in Ramallah, 244; UN General Assembly address (1974), 129
Arendt, Hannah, 57
Aydelotte, Frank, 13
Azzam, Abdul Rahman Hassan (Azzam Pasha), 27–28
Bacevich, Andrew, 248
Balfour Declaration, 12–13, 216, 221
Barak, Ehud, 249
Battle Cry (Uris), 68, 78
Battle for the Mind (LaHaye), 222
Begin, Menachem, 57, 148–149, 152, 156; Christian Right and, 232–233; denounces PLO, 179–180; Holocaust, views of, 183–185, 193,
313n14; Irgun and, 57; Reagan and, 184–185; right-wing government of, 159; visit to United States protested, 57
Behind the Silken Curtain (Crum), 15–16, 38–39, 288n58
Bell, L. Nelson, 216
Bellow, Saul, 147, 163
Ben, Philip, 125
Ben-Gurion, David, 17, 90, 148
Ben-Hur (film, novel), 81, 211
Bennett, Naftali, 269
Berenbaum, Michael, 197–198
Berger, Elmer, 93
Berkeley Tribe, 127
Bernadotte, Folke, 46
Bevin, Ernest, 12, 23–24
Bialkin, Kenneth, 161
Bilby, Kenneth, 32, 290n88
Binationalism, 48–50
bin Laden, Osama, 242, 244, 263
Black Americans in Support of Israel Committee (BASIC), 114–115
Black Panther Party, 113–114; and Fatah, 120
Black Power (Carmichael and Hamilton), 113
Black Power movement, 112–113
Black September Organization, 127, 250
Blackstone, William, 216
Blackstone Memorial, 216
Blitzer, Wolf, 151, 194
Bloomberg, Michael, 244
Boone, Pat, 212–213, 232; Exodus song lyrics, 65, 212–213, 232; Pat Boone Family in the Holy Land (album), 212
Boteach, Shmuley, 253
Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement, 277
Brooks, David, 250
Buber, Martin, 35
Buckley, William F., 134
Bush, George H. W., 129, 194
Bush, George W., and Bush administration, 202, 238–239, 243, 247–248, 254, 255, 261; address to 107th Congress, 251–252, 254;
conflation of Islam with fascism, 253; “homeland,” first use of, 2, 256–257
Buxton, Frank, 13, 21, 30
Caine Mutiny, The (Wouk), 68
Capa, Robert, 51
Carter, Jimmy, 195, 205, 232; addresses National Civil Holocaust Commemoration Ceremony, 188–190, 189; Holocaust museum
plan, 180, 185; proclamation for Days of Remembrance, 201; remarks on 30th anniversary of the State of Israel, 179–180, 206; sup-
port for Palestinian homeland, 232; on Vietnam, 206. See alsoPresident’s Commission on the Holocaust
Castro, Fidel, 120
Chafets, Ze’ev, 154
Chancellor, John, 136–137, 143, 153, 177, 276
Cheney, Dick, 240
Chomsky, Noam, 147, 177
Christian Coalition, 237
Christian Council on Palestine, 19
Christians United for Israel, 235, 252
Christian Zionism, 211–212, 276; apocalypse, 212, 214–215, 218; Armageddon, 212, 215–218, 220, 224, 226, 230–231, 233; attitudes
toward Jews, 221–223; conspiracy theories, 224; on the Holocaust, 221, 223; International Christian Embassy in Jerusalem, 233;
Jerusalem as capital of Israel, 234; Jerusalem Conference on Biblical Prophecy, 231; masculine image of Jesus, 219; premillennial
dispensationalism, 215–216, 218, 220, 224–226, 229–231, 279, 319n10; restoration of Jews to Zion, 215–216; support for State of Is-
rael, 217, 221–222, 235. See alsoEvangelical Christianity; Falwell, Jerry; Hagee, John; Left Behind series; LaHaye, Tim; Lindsey, Hal
Clinton, Bill, 199–200, 205, 208, 234
Cohen, Richard, 148, 152
Cold War: and evangelicals, 217, 221: and Exodus, 59, 65, 81, 87–89; and liberals, 39, 45, 52, 59; and political alignments, 95, 99,
117–118, 124; during Reagan presidency, 138, 158, 202
Coming Peace in the Middle East, The (LaHaye), 222
Commentary Magazine, 12, 155, 235
Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America (CAMERA), 158, 175, 309n64
Communism, 82; anticommunism, 24; and Zionism, 40
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide, 190, 313n20. See alsoGeneva Conventions
Counterterrorism: Israel homeland security industry, 266–267; Israeli counterterrorism experts, 255–256, 261–263
Cowan, Paul, 163
Crossman, Richard, 15–17, 19–22; on Al-Husseini’s support for Hitler, 35; on American frontier mentality and Zionism, 20–21; on
anti-Semitism, 23; on Azzam Pasha speech, 27–28; DP camp visit, 21–23; on Labor Zionism and socialism, 33, 38; on land grab by
Zionists, 33; Palestine Mission: A Personal Record, 15, 23; on partition of Palestine, 37–38; on Weizmann’s testimony, 34; on Western
hypocrisy about immigration of Jewish refugees, 23
Crum, Bartley, 13, 20–39, 59, 62; appointment to Anglo-American Committee, 15–17; on Arab nationalism, 20–21, 27–29, 35; Behind
the Silken Curtain, 15, 16; DP camp visit, 22–23; on European anti-Semitism, 23; on partition of Palestine, 37–38; review of Under-
ground to Palestine, 48; supports Jordan Valley Authority proposal, 44; on Tel Aviv, 30; on Weizmann’s testimony, 34; Wendell
Willkie’s influence, 16–17, 23, 38; on Zionism and the New Jew, 30–33, 38–39; Zionist modernization, 26–27
Darby, John Nelson, 215–216
Darwish, Mahmoud, 197
Dawidowicz, Lucy, 163
Dayan, Moshe, 67, 70–72, 97, 100, 106, 107, 117, 122; eulogy for Roi Rothberg at Nahal Oz, 70–71; on taking the Old City and East
Jerusalem, 108
Dayan, Yael, 106
“Days of Rage” (PBS), 175–176
Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, 6, 50, 84
Deir Yassin massacre, 56–57, 86
Delta Force, The (film), 133
Dichter, Avi, 263
Displaced persons (DPs), 12, 17–19, 47; Arab refugees compared to Jewish DPs, 53; Displaced Persons Act of 1948 (U.S.), 24; DP
camps in occupied Germany, 12, 18, 21–25
Doctorow, E. L., 147
Douglas, William O., 56, 291n90
Du Bois, W. E. B., 16, 40
Dulles, John Foster, 88–89
Eban, Abba, 98–99, 115, 124
Edwards, Dick, 115
Egypt: peace treaty with Israel, 183; Sinai-Suez War, 87–88; Six-Day War, 96–97, 101–104, 110–111, 142; visit by Anglo-American
Committee members, 26–29; Yom Kippur War, 129
Eichmann, Adolf, 91, 98, 182
Ein Karem, 56–57
Einstein, Albert, 49, 57; opposition to Jewish state, 19
Eisenhower, Dwight, and Eisenhower administration, 66, 87–88
El Al Airlines, 90, 126
Elbit Systems, 266
End to Evil, An (Frum and Perle), 241
Epstein, Benjamin, 183
Evangelical Christianity, 232; generation gap in attitudes toward Israel, 276; Israel and Second Coming, 211–213, 219, 220; oppo-
sition to “secular humanism,” 223–224; post-9 / 11 Islamophobia, 252; premillennial dispensationalism, 215–216, 218, 220,
224–226. 229–231, 279, 319n10; prophecy belief, 211–213, 215–218, 220; Six-Day War, 217. See alsoChristian Zionism; Moral Majority
Evans, Mike, 221, 233
Exceptionalism, American, 207, 213, 230, 279; challenges to, 207; Christian Right view of, 221; definition of, 5–6; as force for good,
175; Holocaust memory and, 179; Israel and, 275, 283n5; parallel history with Israel, 3–4; Vietnam War and, 130
Exceptionalism, Israeli, 7, 111, 157, 272, 279
Exodus (film), 60, 63, 74, 83; as “Jewish Western,” 73, 75; soundtrack, 65, 212; whiteness emphasized in casting, 64–65
Exodus (Uris), 4, 6, 58, 62, 83–84; American author and audience, 59; American frontier idiom, 84; Americanization of founding of
Israel, 65; Arabs, treatment of, 85–86; British as enemy, 80–81, 86–87; as fictionalized portrayal of historical event, 62–64, 84; lack
of empathy for Palestinians, 292n6; protagonist of, as “tough Jew,” 72–73, 75–77, 91; rationale for founding of Jewish state, 77; re-
views of, 80–81, 90–91, 93, 296n72; UN partition, 85; Zionist narrative, 59
Falwell, Jerry, 213, 220–221, 222, 231, 232–233; Begin and, 322n57; on Islam, 238, 252; Jabotinsky Award, 233; Listen, America!, 221;
lobbies for U.S. recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel, 234; on occupied territories, 234; Old Time Gospel Hour, 233; support
for Israel during second intifada, 238; support for Israeli attack on Iraqi nuclear reactor, 233
Fanon, Frantz, 113, 120
Fascism, 17, 39, 41, 54, 57, 252
Fatah, 119
Fateful Triangle, The (Chomsky), 177
Feldman, Yotam, 268
Fighting Terrorism (Netanyahu), 242–243
Filkins, Dexter, 241–242
Finkelstein, Norman, 163
Forman, James, 113
Forster, Arnold, 183
Foxman, Abraham, 237–238
Frady, Marshall, 104–105, 121
France: Algeria and, 111; colonialism and, 88, 119; Sinai-Suez War and, 87
Frank, Anne, 63–64
Frank, Gerold, 288n58
Franklin-Trout, Jo, 175–176
Friedman, Thomas, 142, 166–168, 174–175, 267; From Beirut to Jerusalem, 166–172
Friendly, Alfred, 125, 146
From Beirut to Jerusalem (Friedman), 166–172
From Here to Eternity (Jones), 68
From Time Immemorial (Peters), 161–164, 309n64
Frum, David, 241
Gansa, Alex, 258
Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors and Their Descendants, 194
Gaza, 69–72, 196, 267
Gemayel, Bashir, 139, 149
Geneva Conventions, 146, 248
Genocide, 190, 207, 314n22
Gentleman’s Agreement (film), 10
Geyelin, Philip, 145
Geyer, Georgie Anne, 122
Giuliani, Rudy, 244, 245
Glazer, Nathan, 147
Goldberg, J. J., 98
Goldberg, Michelle, 249
Goldhagen, Daniel, 254
Gone with the Wind (film), 59
Gonzales, Alberto, 258, 263
Goodman, Walter, 175–176
Gordon, Howard, 258, 260
Gouri, Haim, 105–106, 108
Graham, Billy, 216, 232
Graham, Stephen, 248
Great Britain: British Mandate for Palestine, 12–15, 21, 26, 37; colonialism, 17, 26–27; negative image, 80–82; restrictions on Jewish
immigration, 12. See alsoAnglo-American Committee of Inquiry; Balfour Declaration
Green, Gerald, 187
Greenfield, Meg, 152
Gruber, Ruth, 62, 64
Guevara, Che, 120
Guide to Days of Remembrance, U.S. Department of Defense publication, 202
Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film), 68, 73
Habash, George, 122–123, 302n75
Haberman, Clyde, 241
Haganah, 22, 46–47, 51, 54, 62, 81, 122
Hagee, John, 223, 234–235, 252
Haj, The (Uris), 164, 310n67
Hajjar, Lisa, 248
Haley, Nikki, 278
Halper, Jeff, 268
Harrison, Benjamin, 216
Harrison, Earl, 12
Hartuv, Ilan, 67
Hazbun, Albert, 92–93
Hazbun, Waleed, 92
Henriksen, Thomas, 247
Hentoff, Nat, 147–148
Hermann, Irwin, 93
Hertzberg, Arthur, 151, 197
Herzl, Theodore, 17, 22, 89, 174
Hillel (student organization), 160–161
Hiroshima, 182, 207
“Historical Appraisal, A” (Hermann), 93
Hitchens, Christopher, 252
Hitti, Philip, 19–20
Ho Chi Minh, 88, 120
Hoffman, Bruce, 241
Holocaust: Americanization of, 199–200; concept of, 181; DP camps in occupied Germany, 12, 18, 21–22; Eichmann trial and, 98;
Exodus and, 91; fears of second Holocaust, 182–185, 213, 237; impetus for a Jewish state, 11, 178; liberation of survivors, 201; “Never
Again” slogan, 191–192, 205; politicization of, 178, 200–202; universal symbol for mass suffering, 191–192. See alsoGathering of
Jewish Holocaust Survivors and Their Descendants; United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Wiesel, Elie
Holocaust (television miniseries), 179, 186–187
Holy Land, popular interest in, 211
Homeland (television series), 258–261
“Homeland,” post-9 / 11 usage, 256–258
Homeland Security, Department of, 239, 255–256, 266
Hourani, Albert, 35–36
Howe, Irving, 147
Human rights: Carter on, 190, 206; partition of Palestine and, 45; Russian pogroms and political Zionism, 216; Universal Decla-
ration of Human Rights, 199; Wiesel on, 195–196
Huntington, Samuel, 243
Husseini, Amin al-, 35, 253, 287n50, 288n62
Hutcheson, Joseph, 13, 29, 34, 37, 41
Ibrahimi Mosque and tomb of Abraham, 109–110
Immigration: Blackstone Memorial and Jews to Palestine, 216; British restrictions on Jewish immigration to Palestine, 12; imperi-
alism and, 19, 27–28, 36; Jewish immigrants break blockade of Palestine, 47–48, 60; Jewish immigrants to Israel from Arab coun-
tries, 55, 65, 67; reluctance to admit Jewish refugees to United States, 24–25, 205. See alsoGreat Britain
Imperialism, American, 114, 119
Imperialism, British, 19, 39, 42, 46, 112
Institute for Arab-American Affairs, 19
International Association of Chiefs of Police, 263
Intifada, first, 123, 137, 165, 166, 170–172, 174–177; Wiesel on, 196–197
Intifada, second, 238, 248, 271; American perceptions of, 243; Christian Right support for Israel, 238; Israeli response as model for
U.S. war on terror, 241–249; Operation Defensive Shield, 244–246
Iraq, 35, 67, 85, 101, 154, 183, 233, 246, 253, 260, 265, 269, 272, 275
Irgun, 47, 51, 54, 57, 62, 81–82, 123; American supporters of, 289n73; Deir Yassin massacre, 56
“Islamofascism,” 252–253
Israel: anticolonial narrative of origins, 80–81, 89, 108–111, 161–164; colonialism, 89, 95, 112–114; diplomacy with newly independent
African nations, 89; hasbara, 153–154; image of invincible victim, 3, 7, 97–98, 127, 131, 137, 150, 154, 165, 178, 213, 221, 240, 269, 277;
invasion of Lebanon (1982), 134–153; Iraqi nuclear reactor attack, 183–184, 233; Operation Thunderbolt, Entebbe rescue, 132–134;
Sinai-Suez War, 87; Six-Day War, 95–110; Tel Aviv, 30, 54; tourism, 90, 212, 231–232, 235; War of Independence, 4, 50, 68, 86, 141;
weapons and defense industry, 266–270, Yom Kippur War, 129, 181, 183, 212
Israel—America’s Key to Survival (Evans), 221, 233
Israel Defense Forces (IDF), 70, 94; admiration of evangelicals, 219; compared to Continental Army of 1776; humane image of, 7,
54, 86, 100, 102, 116, 142, 147, 151, 271; media portrayal of soldiers in Six-Day War, 100, 102, 103–105, 103, 109; military service and
entrepreneurial spirit, 270–271, 273; mobilization for Six-Day War, 96–97, 106; women soldiers in, 105, 273
Jaffa, 30, 1948, 52, 82; Kirchwey’s visit (1948), 54; Nakba and evacuation of Palestinians, 52, 291n90
Jefferson, Thomas, 127
Jennings, Peter, 123
Jerusalem, 32–36, 38, 108, 109, 211; evangelical view of, 216–217, 233; Israeli conquest of East Jerusalem, 232; role in The Late Great
Planet Earth, 217; setting for end of Schindler’s List, 209–210; setting in Left Behind series, 231; U.S. Embassy move, 275; in World
War Z, 278. See alsoTemple Mount
Jewish Agency for Palestine, 17, 22, 34, 37, 40
Jewish Defense League (JDL), 190–191
Jewish Institute for National Security of America (JINSA), 261–262, 265; Law Enforcement Exchange Program (LEEP), 262–263
Joffe, Josef, 254–255
Johnson, Lyndon B., 181
Jones, James, 68
Jordan, 53, 95, 96, 99, 101, 105, 108, 109, 116, 119, 120, 121, 123, 126, 142, 229
Jordan River Valley irrigation project (JVA), 42–44
Juggler, The (film), 77
Kahane, Meir, 190
Kazin, Alfred, 105–106, 108, 147
Keller, Bill, 241
Kennedy, John F., 1, 79
Keys, Barbara, 206
Khalidi, Rashid, 142, 161
Kibbutz: compared to American pioneer past, 30, 61, 162; as symbol of Israel, 30, 31, 32, 33, 72, 111, 187, 270, 274
Kill Artist, The (Silva), 250–251, 326n23
King David Hotel bombing (1946), 61
Kirchwey, Freda, 49–50, 79, 288n60; on Arab refugee question, 54–57; in Ein Karem, 56, 290n88; to Israel (1948), 49–50; partition
vote and plan, 44–45; support for Zionism, 40–42
Kissinger, Henry, 129
Klein, Naomi, 267, 269
Klinghoffer, Leon, 195
Koch, Ed, 194
Kollek, Teddy, 67
Kosygin, Alexei, 98
Kraft, Joseph, 116
Kramer, Stanley, 77
Krauthammer, Charles, 244–245
Kristol, Irving, on the Moral Majority, 235, 237
Kubrick, Stanley, 81
Kushner, Tony, 250
Lab, The (Feldman), 268
LaHaye, Tim, 220–224, 227; Battle for the Mind, 222; The Coming Peace in the Middle East, 22; Left Behind series (authored with
Jerry Jenkins), 224–233. See alsoLeft Behind series
Lamb, David, 146
Laqueur, Walter, 122
Late Great Planet Earth, The (Lindsey), 214–215, 220
League of Nations, Palestine mandate, 12, 15
Lebanon War (1982), 136–140; American media response to, 136–137, 140–146; Christian Zionist support for Israel, 233; civilian suf-
fering in, 139–140; conservative critique of media coverage, 153–160; crisis in image of Israel, 136–137, 146–143, 159–162; and dis-
agreement among American Jews, 147–148, 150; impact on American image of Palestinians, 137–146, 149, 165; Israeli antiwar move-
ment and self-criticism, 147, 150–153; “One Family’s Tragedy,” 144; Operation Peace for Galilee, 139; PLO Research Center looting
by Israeli soldiers, 168; Sabra and Shatila refugee camp massacre, 139, 149; siege of Beirut, 137–139, 142–143
Le Carré, John, 156
Left Behind series (LaHaye and Jenkins), 224–231, 233; antichrist, 228; Armageddon war with Arabs, 230; conversion of Jews at
Masada, 229; Holocaust references, 229; popularity of novels, 224–225; the Rapture, 226; rejection of secular Zionism, 227; UN as
a threat, 228, 230
Lehrman, Hal, 290n88
Lewis, Anthony, 151, 156, 161, 164, 197
Lewis, Flora, 116
Li, Darryl, 267
Liberation (monument), 202–203, 203
Likud (Israeli political party), 153, 154, 185, 232, 234, 242, 261
Lindsey, Hal, 214–220, 224; The Late Great Planet Earth, 214–218, 220, 224; The 1980s, 220; A Prophetical Walk through the Holy
Land, 219–220
Lippmann, Walter, 40
Lipset, Seymour Martin, 147
Listen, America! (Falwell), 221
Lowdermilk, Walter Clay, 42–44
Luce, Henry, 40
Magnes, Judah, binational proposal, 35, 42
Mailer, Norman, 68, 78
Malcolm X, 113
Manifest Destiny. SeeAmerican frontier myth
Mao Tse-tung, 120
Marjorie Morningstar (Wouk), 294n39
Masculinity, American crisis of, 79; tough Jew, archetype of in Exodus, 72–73, 78, 100
Mauldin, Bill, 100, 106
McCarthy, Joseph, 66
McCoy, John J., 205
McDonald, James G., 13, 32
McGovern, George, 206
Meir, Golda (Myerson), 34, 67, 124, 129, 161
Melville, Herman, 211
“Middle East Is Potentially More Dangerous than Vietnam, The” (Laqueur), 122
Middle East Studies Association, 161
Mintz, Alan, 191
Moral Majority, 213, 220–221, 233, 235, 237
Morris, Roger, 153
Mossad: in Exodus, 186; in Homeland, 260; in Munich, 129; Munich Olympic massacre and Operation Wrath of God, 129, 248–249;
in NCIS, 260
Mossadegh, Mohammad, 88
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 130–132
Mueller, Robert, 263
Munich (Spielberg), 249–250
Murrow, Edward R., 69–70
Nahal Oz (kibbutz): Dayan eulogy for Roi Rothberg, 70–71; depiction in Gillenson, “Young Kids on a Tense Border,” 44–53; depic-
tion in Murrow, See It Now, 69; location near Gaza, 69; Uris’s visit and use in Exodus, 68–69, 71–72
Nakba, 49–57, 145, 162
Naked and the Dead, The (Mailer), 68
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 70, 87–88, 96–97, 102
Nation, The, 12, 40, 41, 288n60
Nazism: American comparison of Begin’s political party to, 57; as analogy, 178; Begin on PLO and Arab nations, 179, 183, 184; com-
parison of Israelis to Nazis in Lebanon War, 149, 173, 193; criticism of comparing Israelis to Nazis, 156, 193; Eban on Arabs as Nazi
surrogates, 99; in Exodus, 77, 78, 85. See alsoAnti-Semitism; Holocaust
NCIS (television series), 260–261
Near East Report, 187
Neoconservatives, 153, 155, 157; apocalyptic sensibility, 236; conservative agenda for Israel, 276; criticism of Spielberg and Munich,
250; fears of second Holocaust, 237; Munich Agreement as template, 236–237; relation to evangelicals, 236–238; revival of Amer-
ican power, 131, 156, 236, 241. See alsoJewish Institute for National Security of America (JINSA); Krauthammer, Charles; Kristol,
Irving; Moynihan, Daniel Patrick; Podhoretz, Norman
Netanyahu, Benjamin, 205, 234; AIPAC speech, 212, 205; bond with United States after 9 / 11, 242–243; Fighting Terrorism, 242;
friendship with evangelicals, 234–235
Netanyahu, Jonathan, 132, 134
Neuman, Emanuel, 18–19
New Anti-Semitism, The (Forster and Epstein), 183, 307n44
New Deal, 6, 39, 43–45
New Historians (Israel), 162
New Republic, 12, 40
New York City Police Department, 264
New York Post, 40
New York Times, 12, 40, 45
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 19, 40
Niles, David, 15
9 / 11 Commission Report, 258
1980s, The (Lindsey), 220
90 Minutes at Entebbe (Stevenson), 133–135
Nixon, Richard, and Nixon administration, 88, 127, 129, 183, 233
Nkrumah, Kwame, 58
Novick, Peter, 181–182, 183, 312n6
Obama, Barack, and Obama administration, 1–2; speech in Cairo (2009), 1, 274–275; on unbreakable bond with Israel, 1, 274
Occupied Palestinian territories, 109, 115–118, 122, 142, 154, 155, 162, 165, 168, 170, 172, 178, 183, 185, 218, 232, 235, 243–244, 246,
248, 263, 265, 267–270, 275–276
Olmert, Ehud, 154
One World (Willkie), 16–17
Operation Peace for Galilee, 139. See alsoLebanon War (1982)
Operation Wrath of God, 248–250. See also Munich (Spielberg); Terrorism
“Ordeal of Con Thien, The” (CBS), 104
Oren, Michael, 271
Orientalism, 28, 42, 54–55; stereotypes of Arabs, 76, 164
Oslo Accords, 234, 243, 268
Palestine: Anglo-American Committee visit, 29–35; Arab nationalism in, 35, 36; images of land as barren and empty, 43, 162, 216; as
Jewish homeland, 12–13, 216; Jewish immigration to, 12, 17, 22, 25, 27, 62; Jewish settlement of (1946), 27, 30–32, 43; partition of,
37–38, 39, 40, 45–46, 51; population of, 32–33; Peters’s portrayal of, 162; violence after UN partition vote, 46
Palestine, Land of Promise (Lowdermilk), 43–44
“Palestine—a New State of Mind” (ABC), 123
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 114, 118–119, 168; American opposition to, 152, 154, 156, 158, 159, 160, 161, 193, 195, 251;
Begin identifies as Nazis, 179, 185; Carter proposes peace conference with, 179; Lebanon War (1982) and, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141,
142, 144, 145, 152, 154, 156, 158; negotiations with Israel, 172, 197; Research Center in Beirut, 168; support by ordinary Palestinians,
145; terrorism and, 172, 195. See alsoArafat, Yasser; Fatah
Palestine Mission (Crossman), 15, 23
Palestinians: African American support of, 114; fedayeen and, 90, 115, 118–122; journalists’ comparison to Zionists and New Jews,
122, 124; media portrayal of, 53–54, 70, 118–124, 144–146, 149–151, 165–166; nationalism of, 49, 95, 115, 123, 176; refugees, 46, 47,
50, 53–55, 57, 66, 70, 71, 72, 99, 123, 144, 293n25; as viewed by American public, 50, 53, 54, 57, 72, 84, 118–125, 137, 140–146,
149–151, 161–164, 165–166, 227, 276–277
Partition of Palestine: arguments for, 37–38; film portrayal in Exodus, 83; The Nation’s memorandum to UN, 40, 44; UN vote, 39,
45–46; U.S. attempt to rescind, 46, 51. See alsoUnited Nations (UN)
Peace Now, 147, 152
Pence, Mike, 234
Peretz, Martin, 110–111, 114, 116, 136–137, 151, 154–155
Perle, Richard, 241
Perlmutter, Nathan, 235
Peters, Joan, 161–164
Phillips, William, 13
PM, 12, 40, 48, 50
Podhoretz, Norman, 155–158, 163, 238, 308n46; “J’Accuse,” 155–157; Why We Were in Vietnam, 157
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), 121–123; skyjacking and, 126–127
Porath, Yehoshua, 164
Preminger, Otto, 60, 63–64, 80, 82–83; Exodus film changes to novel, 77, 83, 85–86; filming in Israel, 67, 293n19
President’s Commission on the Holocaust, 179–180, 185–186, 189; partisanship for Israel, 199, 316n40; Wiesel presentation of re-
port, 192
Prisoners of War (television series), 259
Prophetical Walk through the Holy Land, A (Lindsey), 219–220
Proskauer, Joseph, 18
Puritans and Puritanism, 211; parallels with biblical Israel, 5, 42
Rabin, Yitzhak, 94, 108, 165, 213, 234
Randolph, A. Philip, 114
Rapoport, Natan, 202
Reagan, Ronald, and Reagan administration, 127, 134, 152, 213; Bitburg controversy, 188, 316n48; military aid to Israel, 138–139, 183;
Moral Majority, support for, 220; and neoconservative movement, 157–159, 236; on the occupied territories, 154; Religious Right
and, 276; remarks at cornerstone laying for Holocaust Museum, 202; remarks at Days of Remembrance ceremony, 201–202; “Star
Wars” agenda, 321n31
Rebel without a Cause (film), 65
Religious Right, The (Foxman), 237–238
Report of the President’s Commission on the Holocaust, 194
Report on Global Anti-Semitism, 326n28
Reston, James, 40, 96, 104
Rhodesia, 88, 111, 112, 113, 115, 117, 118, 130
Robertson, Pat, 213, 220, 223; conspiracy theories of, 237; criticized by ADL, 237; on the Holocaust, 223; Lebanese radio station
sponsorship, 233; support for Israeli invasion of Lebanon, 233
Robeson, Paul, 16
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 6, 24, 40, 44–45, 79
Roosevelt, Franklin D., and Roosevelt administration, 16, 130, 221; bombing of Auschwitz and, 205
Rosenfeld, Stephen, 128
Rosenwald, Lessing, 18–19
Rostow, Walt, 97
Roth, Philip, 90–91
Rothberg, Roi, 70–71
Rustin, Bayard, 114
Sabra and Shatila massacre, 231, 233
Sahwell, Aziz S., 91
Said, Edward, 138, 156, 164, 176–177, 292n6
Save Soviet Jewry, 190
Schary, Dory, 66
Schindler, Oskar, 208–210
Schindler’s List (Spielberg), 208–210
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 79
Schmidt, Dana Adams, 121–122, 302n74
See It Now, “Egypt-Israel” (CBS), 69–70
Senor, Dan, 269–270, 272
Shane (film), 73
Sharansky, Nathan, 254
Sharon, Ariel, 139, 142, 148–149, 151, 242–244, 245, 254
Shipler, David, 140–141, 147, 166–169, 173–176, 185; Arab and Jew, 166–169, 173–174; “Arab and Jew” (PBS), 175
Shultz, Lilli, 288n60
Silva, Daniel, 250–251; The Kill Artist, 250–251, 326n23
Silver, Abba Hillel, 18
Simon, Merrill, 231
Sinai-Suez War (1956), 87–89, 91
Singer, Saul, 269–270, 272
Six-Day War, 4, 7, 94–110; acquisition of territory during, 95, 98–99, 108–109, 111; American responses to, 94–95, 100, 110–119;
anticolonial narrative, 108–110; colonial expansion argument, 111; foreign press in Israel, 298n18; “How Israel Won the War” (CBS),
100, 104; Lightning out of Israel, 100; preemptive war, 247; Swift Sword, 100; Vietnam War comparison, 101–102, 104, 110–111
Smith, Howard K., 70
Smithsonian Institution: Enola Gay exhibit controversy, 207; The West as America, Reinterpreting Images of the Frontier, 207
South Africa, 111, 113, 115
Spartacus (film), 81
Spielberg, Steven, 208–210, 249–250
SS Exodus, 60–62, 61; American involvement in, 64
Stalin, Joseph, 222
Start-Up Nation (Senor and Singer), 269–272
State Department, U.S. 11, 15; Report on Global Anti-Semitism, 326n28
Stern Gang, 47, 62; Deir Yassin massacre, 56
Stevenson, William, 133
Stone, I. F., 40, 42, 46–49, 123, 147; on Arabs fleeing Palestine in 1948, 51–53; binationalism, support for, 49; changing view of Is-
rael, 49, 112; “The Future of Israel,” 112–113; on the Haganah, 46–47, 62; “Holy War,” 112; to Israel (1948), 49–50; kinship with Jews
of Europe, 47–48; to Palestine with Jewish refugees, 47; on Puritanism and Zionism, 42; review of Anglo-American Committee re-
port, 44; This Is Israel, 51, 53; Underground to Palestine, 47, 48; visit to Palestine (1945), 42
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 113–114; The Movement, 113–114
Sulzberger, Arthur, 40
Sulzberger, C. L., 116
Swaggart, Jimmy, 213
Sword in the Desert, The (film), 80
Syria, 53, 95, 96, 99, 101, 129, 139, 140, 154, 167, 187
Tel Hai, 72
Temple Mount: in prophecy belief, 211, 217, 227, 232; and second intifada, 243
Ten Commandments, The (film), 81
Tender Warrior (Weber), 219
Terrorism: Achille Lauro killing, 195; Entebbe hostage rescue, 132–134; fictional response to, 249–251; Islamic radicalism and, por-
trayed as common enemy, 251–252; Israeli counterterrorism as model, 240, 242, 255; Jewish militias in Palestine, 13, 33, 46; Munich
Summer Olympics massacre, 127–128, 248; Netanyahu on, 242–243; Palestinian, 123, 126–127, 194, 241; September 11, 2001, 8, 239;
skyjacking, 125–126; suicide bombing, 241, 242, 244, 265, 269. See alsoCounterterrorism; War on terror
Thompson, Dorothy, 40
“Those Who Pass between Fleeting Words” (Darwish), 197
Traub, James, 259
Truman, Harry S., 11–12, 23–25, 39, 66, 80; recognition of Israel, 45
Trumbo, Dalton, 81–83
Trump, Donald, 234, 257, 276, 278; Jerusalem as capital of Israel, 275; racial profiling and, 274, 275
Trumpledor, Joseph, 72
Tuchman, Barbara, 108, 163
24 (television series), 260
Underground to Palestine (Stone), 47–48
Unilateral Declaration of Independence (South Rhodesia), 88
United Nations (UN), 15; Arafat address to General Assembly, 129; Christian Right view of, 228; Palestine as British Mandate, 37;
partition of Palestine, 37, 39, 45–46; refugee return resolution (Resolution 194), 55; Security Council resolution condemning Israel,
129–130; United States vetoes resolution on behalf of Israel, 2, 129
United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP), 62, 85
United States: aid to Israel, 2, 129, 138–139, 160, 183, 275; American Revolution as analogy, 4, 47, 87, 88, 112, 271; Days of Remem-
brance of the Victims of the Holocaust, 201, 202; Holocaust consciousness and, 178, 182, identification with Israel after 9 / 11, 239,
241; Lebanon War (1982), media response to, 136–142; Six-Day War, media response to, 99–104; special relationship with Israel,
3–7; Vietnam War and, 130, 134–135; war on terror and, 238–264; World War II and, 41, 42, 68, 80, 106, 130, 149, 178, 181–182,
200–202, 203, 205–206, 208–209, 221, 236. See alsoAmerican frontier myth; Exceptionalism, American
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 178–180; Americanization of Holocaust, 198–199; American soldiers and Jewish sur-
vivors, 203–206, 317n53; bombing of Auschwitz, debate on, 204–205, 207–208, 218–219, 317n54; law enforcement training pro-
gram, 266; opening ceremony, 199; permanent exhibit, 200, 203–204; President’s Commission on the Holocaust, 179–180,
185–186, 189, 190, 192, 194, 199; Reagan’s speech at cornerstone laying of, 202; reviews of opening of, 206–207
Uris, Leon, 6, 58–59, 67–68, 164; The Angry Hills, 68; biography, 67–68; Battle Cry, 68, 78; The Haj, 164, 310n67; idea for Exodus, 66;
Israel visit, 66–71; Jewish American novelists, criticism of, 68, 78–79; “Outstanding Action of the Jewish Underground,” 81; self-
image, 69, 78–79; on the Western, 68. See also Exodus (film); Exodus (Uris)
Vietnamese Declaration of Independence, 88
Vietnam War, 94–95, 101–102, 104, 110–111, 117, 125, 130, 146, 157; American imperialism and, 119; Carter’s view of, 206; compar-
ison to Lebanon War (1982), 146–147, 179; comparison to Six-Day War, 7, 104, 106, 110–111, 116, 124–125, 217; “domino theory”
and, 100; My Lai massacre, 173; Reagan’s view of, 157–158, 201
Wakefield, Dan, 58–59, 293n17
Wallace, Henry, 25, 40, 44, 45–46
Wallace, Mike, 104
Walzer, Michael, 110–112, 114, 147, 247
War of Independence (Israel), 50–51, 55
War on terror, 238–256; Israel as model for U.S., 241–248, 261–265, 269; and popular culture, 248–251, 258–261
Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP), 308n54
Washington Post, 153, 158, 198
Weber, Stu, 219
Weizmann, Chaim, 33–34
Welles, Orson, 215
Welles, Sumner, 40, 46, 79
We Need Not Fail (Welles), 46
White, Theodore, 105
Why We Were in Vietnam (Podhoretz), 157
Wiesel, Elie, 163, 188–190, 191–195, 314n28; criticism of U.S. refusal to bomb Auschwitz-Birkenau, 200, 205, 206; “The Holocaust:
Beginning or End?,” 188–189; on Israel as existentially threatened, 188, 196–197; on Kosovo, 206; Night, 188; Nobel Peace Prize,
195–196, 315n34; on Palestinians, 192; as Presidential Commission chairman, 179, 189, 194; Reagan Bitburg controversy and, 188,
316n38; response to Lebanon War (1982), 193; slogan “Never Again” and, 191–192, 205
Will, George, 149, 241
Willkie, Wendell, 16, 23, 38
Wise, Stephen, 18–19
Wolpert, Stanley, 109
World Trade Center site, 245
World War Z, 278–279
Wouk, Herman, 68, 78; The Caine Mutiny, 68; Marjorie Morningstar, 68, 294n39
Wretched of the Earth, The (Fanon), 120
Xenophobia: American attitudes toward immigrants, 26; 275; in 24 (television series), 260
Yadin, Yigal, 67
Yad Vashem Holocaust memorial, 181, 213, 266
Yom Kippur War, 129, 181
Young, James, 208
Zakaria, Fareed, 252
Zionists and Zionism, 2, 7, 18; alliance with Christian Zionists, 236–237; Americanization of, 16, 20, 21, 39, 72–73; American organi-
zations and, 18–19; Biltmore Program and, 17; depiction in Holocaust, 183; historiography, 162; history of, 18, 216; ideology of New
Jew and repudiation of exile, 30–32, 72–73, 78; liberal framing of, 12, 39–41, 49, 155, 165, 276; narrative of origins of, 59, 72–73, 108,
111, 228; opponents of, 25, 41–42, 194–195. See alsoAmerican Council for Judaism (AJC); Anticolonialism; Haganah; Irgun; New
Jew; Stern Gang
INDEX
Note: Page numbers in italics indicate figures.
Abbot, Abiel, Traits of Resemblance in the People of the United States of America to Ancient Israel, 5, 9
Accuracy in Media (AIM), 158
African Americans: on Israel and South Africa, 113, 115; response to Six-Day War, 111–114
Allon, Yigal, 67
al-Qaeda, 238–239, 242, 244, 251, 252, 254, 262
Alsop, Joseph, 40, 117–118, 301n65
American Council for Judaism (AJC), 18–19, 40; Issues, 93
American Crusade against Lynching, 16
American Friends of Haganah, 64
American frontier myth, 4–5, 48, 207, 211; compared to Zionism, 20, 30, 42, 59, 72–73; Hollywood Western, 5, 68, 230; Manifest Destiny and, 116, 207, 211, 230. See also Exodus (film); Exodus (Uris)
American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), 158–161, 165, 187, 275, 308n54; AIPAC College Guide, 159–160; The Campaign to Discredit Israel, 159–160; Near East Report, 187; Netanyahu’s speech to (2012), 205; Trump’s speech to (2016), 275
American Jewish Committee, 187
American Jewish Congress: Hasbara: Israel’s Public Image, 153–154; on the Moral Majority, 235
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 18
American Jews: Christian Right, relationship with, 235, 238; cultural work on behalf of Israel, 8–9; Holocaust memorialization, 147, 181, 198, 312n6, 312n8; Lebanon War (1982), response to, 147–149, 151; Six-Day War, response to 98, 183; views of Palestinians and first intifada, 197
American Legion, 25
American Zionist Emergency Council (AZEC), 18, 40, 43
Amin, Idi, 131, 132–133, 135
Amir, Yigal, 234
Anemone, Louis, 262
Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, 13–38, 14; Cairo hearings, 26–29; composition of committee, 13; DP camps visit, 21–22; final report, 26, 34, 37; interim report attempted, 23–24; Jerusalem hearings, 33–36; Lausanne, final deliberations, 36–37; Washington D.C., hearings, 17–19. See alsoCrossman, Richard; Crum, Bartley; Hutcheson, Joseph; Lowdermilk, Walter Clay
Angry Hills, The (Uris), 68
Anti-Americanism, 157, 254–255
Anticolonialism, 80–81, 86–88; as U.S. explanation for opposing Sinai-Suez War, 87–88. See alsoGreat Britain
Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith (ADL), 153, 155, 158–161, 175, 183; blacklisting of critics of Israel, 161; Christian Right, relationship with, 235–237; Pro-Arab Propaganda in America, 159–160; sponsorship of American police training program in Israel, 261, 266
Anti-Semitism: in America, 10; accusation of in criticism of Lebanon War news coverage, 155–156; in Europe, 23; global resurgence after Lebanon War, 193, 314n28; immigration laws discriminating against Jewish refugees, 23–25; paradox of pro-Zionist arguments, 23; Podhoretz definition of, 156; postwar attitude changes toward, 25–26
A. Philip Randolph Institute, 114
Arab and Jew (PBS), 175
Arab and Jew (Shipler), 166–169, 173–174
Arab Revolt of 1936–1939, 76
Arabs: Arab Americans and Exodus, 91–92, 296n72; call for humanitarian treatment of, 53; displacement after partition and war, 49–51, 53; refugees, 53–55, 99, 298n13; stereotypes of, 85. See alsoMiddle East
Arafat, Yasser, 119–121, 120, 124; ABC News interview in Beirut (1982), 141; Oslo Accords and, 234; publicly recognized Israel’s right to exist, 172; second intifada in Ramallah, 244; UN General Assembly address (1974), 129
Arendt, Hannah, 57
Aydelotte, Frank, 13
Azzam, Abdul Rahman Hassan (Azzam Pasha), 27–28
Bacevich, Andrew, 248
Balfour Declaration, 12–13, 216, 221
Barak, Ehud, 249
Battle Cry (Uris), 68, 78
Battle for the Mind (LaHaye), 222
Begin, Menachem, 57, 148–149, 152, 156; Christian Right and, 232–233; denounces PLO, 179–180; Holocaust, views of, 183–185, 193, 313n14; Irgun and, 57; Reagan and, 184–185; right-wing government of, 159; visit to United States protested, 57
Behind the Silken Curtain (Crum), 15–16, 38–39, 288n58
Bell, L. Nelson, 216
Bellow, Saul, 147, 163
Ben, Philip, 125
Ben-Gurion, David, 17, 90, 148
Ben-Hur (film, novel), 81, 211
Bennett, Naftali, 269
Berenbaum, Michael, 197–198
Berger, Elmer, 93
Berkeley Tribe, 127
Bernadotte, Folke, 46
Bevin, Ernest, 12, 23–24
Bialkin, Kenneth, 161
Bilby, Kenneth, 32, 290n88
Binationalism, 48–50
bin Laden, Osama, 242, 244, 263
Black Americans in Support of Israel Committee (BASIC), 114–115
Black Panther Party, 113–114; and Fatah, 120
Black Power (Carmichael and Hamilton), 113
Black Power movement, 112–113
Black September Organization, 127, 250
Blackstone, William, 216
Blackstone Memorial, 216
Blitzer, Wolf, 151, 194
Bloomberg, Michael, 244
Boone, Pat, 212–213, 232; Exodus song lyrics, 65, 212–213, 232; Pat Boone Family in the Holy Land (album), 212
Boteach, Shmuley, 253
Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement, 277
Brooks, David, 250
Buber, Martin, 35
Buckley, William F., 134
Bush, George H. W., 129, 194
Bush, George W., and Bush administration, 202, 238–239, 243, 247–248, 254, 255, 261; address to 107th Congress, 251–252, 254; conflation of Islam with fascism, 253; homeland, first use of, 2, 256–257
Buxton, Frank, 13, 21, 30
Caine Mutiny, The (Wouk), 68
Capa, Robert, 51
Carter, Jimmy, 195, 205, 232; addresses National Civil Holocaust Commemoration Ceremony, 188–190, 189; Holocaust museum plan, 180, 185; proclamation for Days of Remembrance, 201; remarks on 30th anniversary of the State of Israel, 179–180, 206; support for Palestinian homeland, 232; on Vietnam, 206. See alsoPresident’s Commission on the Holocaust
Castro, Fidel, 120
Chafets, Ze’ev, 154
Chancellor, John, 136–137, 143, 153, 177, 276
Cheney, Dick, 240
Chomsky, Noam, 147, 177
Christian Coalition, 237
Christian Council on Palestine, 19
Christians United for Israel, 235, 252
Christian Zionism, 211–212, 276; apocalypse, 212, 214–215, 218; Armageddon, 212, 215–218, 220, 224, 226, 230–231, 233; attitudes toward Jews, 221–223; conspiracy theories, 224; on the Holocaust, 221, 223; International Christian Embassy in Jerusalem, 233; Jerusalem as capital of Israel, 234; Jerusalem Conference on Biblical Prophecy, 231; masculine image of Jesus, 219; premillennial dispensationalism, 215–216, 218, 220, 224–226, 229–231, 279, 319n10; restoration of Jews to Zion, 215–216; support for State of Israel, 217, 221–222, 235. See alsoEvangelical Christianity; Falwell, Jerry; Hagee, John; Left Behind series; LaHaye, Tim; Lindsey, Hal
Clinton, Bill, 199–200, 205, 208, 234
Cohen, Richard, 148, 152
Cold War: and evangelicals, 217, 221: and Exodus, 59, 65, 81, 87–89; and liberals, 39, 45, 52, 59; and political alignments, 95, 99, 117–118, 124; during Reagan presidency, 138, 158, 202
Coming Peace in the Middle East, The (LaHaye), 222
Commentary Magazine, 12, 155, 235
Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America (CAMERA), 158, 175, 309n64
Communism, 82; anticommunism, 24; and Zionism, 40
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide, 190, 313n20. See alsoGeneva Conventions
Counterterrorism: Israel homeland security industry, 266–267; Israeli counterterrorism experts, 255–256, 261–263
Cowan, Paul, 163
Crossman, Richard, 15–17, 19–22; on Al-Husseini’s support for Hitler, 35; on American frontier mentality and Zionism, 20–21; on anti-Semitism, 23; on Azzam Pasha speech, 27–28; DP camp visit, 21–23; on Labor Zionism and socialism, 33, 38; on land grab by Zionists, 33; Palestine Mission: A Personal Record, 15, 23; on partition of Palestine, 37–38; on Weizmann’s testimony, 34; on Western hypocrisy about immigration of Jewish refugees, 23
Crum, Bartley, 13, 20–39, 59, 62; appointment to Anglo-American Committee, 15–17; on Arab nationalism, 20–21, 27–29, 35; Behind the Silken Curtain, 15, 16; DP camp visit, 22–23; on European anti-Semitism, 23; on partition of Palestine, 37–38; review of Underground to Palestine, 48; supports Jordan Valley Authority proposal, 44; on Tel Aviv, 30; on Weizmann’s testimony, 34; Wendell Willkie’s influence, 16–17, 23, 38; on Zionism and the New Jew, 30–33, 38–39; Zionist modernization, 26–27
Darby, John Nelson, 215–216
Darwish, Mahmoud, 197
Dawidowicz, Lucy, 163
Dayan, Moshe, 67, 70–72, 97, 100, 106, 107, 117, 122; eulogy for Roi Rothberg at Nahal Oz, 70–71; on taking the Old City and East Jerusalem, 108
Dayan, Yael, 106
Days of Rage (PBS), 175–176
Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, 6, 50, 84
Deir Yassin massacre, 56–57, 86
Delta Force, The (film), 133
Dichter, Avi, 263
Displaced persons (DPs), 12, 17–19, 47; Arab refugees compared to Jewish DPs, 53; Displaced Persons Act of 1948 (U.S.), 24; DP camps in occupied Germany, 12, 18, 21–25
Doctorow, E. L., 147
Douglas, William O., 56, 291n90
Du Bois, W. E. B., 16, 40
Dulles, John Foster, 88–89
Eban, Abba, 98–99, 115, 124
Edwards, Dick, 115
Egypt: peace treaty with Israel, 183; Sinai-Suez War, 87–88; Six-Day War, 96–97, 101–104, 110–111, 142; visit by Anglo-American Committee members, 26–29; Yom Kippur War, 129
Eichmann, Adolf, 91, 98, 182
Ein Karem, 56–57
Einstein, Albert, 49, 57; opposition to Jewish state, 19
Eisenhower, Dwight, and Eisenhower administration, 66, 87–88
El Al Airlines, 90, 126
Elbit Systems, 266
End to Evil, An (Frum and Perle), 241
Epstein, Benjamin, 183
Evangelical Christianity, 232; generation gap in attitudes toward Israel, 276; Israel and Second Coming, 211–213, 219, 220; opposition to secular humanism, 223–224; post-9 / 11 Islamophobia, 252; premillennial dispensationalism, 215–216, 218, 220, 224–226. 229–231, 279, 319n10; prophecy belief, 211–213, 215–218, 220; Six-Day War, 217. See alsoChristian Zionism; Moral Majority
Evans, Mike, 221, 233
Exceptionalism, American, 207, 213, 230, 279; challenges to, 207; Christian Right view of, 221; definition of, 5–6; as force for good, 175; Holocaust memory and, 179; Israel and, 275, 283n5; parallel history with Israel, 3–4; Vietnam War and, 130
Exceptionalism, Israeli, 7, 111, 157, 272, 279
Exodus (film), 60, 63, 74, 83; as Jewish Western, 73, 75; soundtrack, 65, 212; whiteness emphasized in casting, 64–65
Exodus (Uris), 4, 6, 58, 62, 83–84; American author and audience, 59; American frontier idiom, 84; Americanization of founding of Israel, 65; Arabs, treatment of, 85–86; British as enemy, 80–81, 86–87; as fictionalized portrayal of historical event, 62–64, 84; lack of empathy for Palestinians, 292n6; protagonist of, as tough Jew, 72–73, 75–77, 91; rationale for founding of Jewish state, 77; reviews of, 80–81, 90–91, 93, 296n72; UN partition, 85; Zionist narrative, 59
Falwell, Jerry, 213, 220–221, 222, 231, 232–233; Begin and, 322n57; on Islam, 238, 252; Jabotinsky Award, 233; Listen, America!, 221; lobbies for U.S. recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel, 234; on occupied territories, 234; Old Time Gospel Hour, 233; support for Israel during second intifada, 238; support for Israeli attack on Iraqi nuclear reactor, 233
Fanon, Frantz, 113, 120
Fascism, 17, 39, 41, 54, 57, 252
Fatah, 119
Fateful Triangle, The (Chomsky), 177
Feldman, Yotam, 268
Fighting Terrorism (Netanyahu), 242–243
Filkins, Dexter, 241–242
Finkelstein, Norman, 163
Forman, James, 113
Forster, Arnold, 183
Foxman, Abraham, 237–238
Frady, Marshall, 104–105, 121
France: Algeria and, 111; colonialism and, 88, 119; Sinai-Suez War and, 87
Frank, Anne, 63–64
Frank, Gerold, 288n58
Franklin-Trout, Jo, 175–176
Friedman, Thomas, 142, 166–168, 174–175, 267; From Beirut to Jerusalem, 166–172
Friendly, Alfred, 125, 146
From Beirut to Jerusalem (Friedman), 166–172
From Here to Eternity (Jones), 68
From Time Immemorial (Peters), 161–164, 309n64
Frum, David, 241
Gansa, Alex, 258
Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors and Their Descendants, 194
Gaza, 69–72, 196, 267
Gemayel, Bashir, 139, 149
Geneva Conventions, 146, 248
Genocide, 190, 207, 314n22
Gentleman’s Agreement (film), 10
Geyelin, Philip, 145
Geyer, Georgie Anne, 122
Giuliani, Rudy, 244, 245
Glazer, Nathan, 147
Goldberg, J. J., 98
Goldberg, Michelle, 249
Goldhagen, Daniel, 254
Gone with the Wind (film), 59
Gonzales, Alberto, 258, 263
Goodman, Walter, 175–176
Gordon, Howard, 258, 260
Gouri, Haim, 105–106, 108
Graham, Billy, 216, 232
Graham, Stephen, 248
Great Britain: British Mandate for Palestine, 12–15, 21, 26, 37; colonialism, 17, 26–27; negative image, 80–82; restrictions on Jewish immigration, 12. See alsoAnglo-American Committee of Inquiry; Balfour Declaration
Green, Gerald, 187
Greenfield, Meg, 152
Gruber, Ruth, 62, 64
Guevara, Che, 120
Guide to Days of Remembrance, U.S. Department of Defense publication, 202
Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film), 68, 73
Habash, George, 122–123, 302n75
Haberman, Clyde, 241
Haganah, 22, 46–47, 51, 54, 62, 81, 122
Hagee, John, 223, 234–235, 252
Haj, The (Uris), 164, 310n67
Hajjar, Lisa, 248
Haley, Nikki, 278
Halper, Jeff, 268
Harrison, Benjamin, 216
Harrison, Earl, 12
Hartuv, Ilan, 67
Hazbun, Albert, 92–93
Hazbun, Waleed, 92
Henriksen, Thomas, 247
Hentoff, Nat, 147–148
Hermann, Irwin, 93
Hertzberg, Arthur, 151, 197
Herzl, Theodore, 17, 22, 89, 174
Hillel (student organization), 160–161
Hiroshima, 182, 207
Historical Appraisal, A (Hermann), 93
Hitchens, Christopher, 252
Hitti, Philip, 19–20
Ho Chi Minh, 88, 120
Hoffman, Bruce, 241
Holocaust: Americanization of, 199–200; concept of, 181; DP camps in occupied Germany, 12, 18, 21–22; Eichmann trial and, 98; Exodus and, 91; fears of second Holocaust, 182–185, 213, 237; impetus for a Jewish state, 11, 178; liberation of survivors, 201; Never Again slogan, 191–192, 205; politicization of, 178, 200–202; universal symbol for mass suffering, 191–192. See alsoGathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors and Their Descendants; United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Wiesel, Elie
Holocaust (television miniseries), 179, 186–187
Holy Land, popular interest in, 211
Homeland (television series), 258–261
Homeland, post-9 / 11 usage, 256–258
Homeland Security, Department of, 239, 255–256, 266
Hourani, Albert, 35–36
Howe, Irving, 147
Human rights: Carter on, 190, 206; partition of Palestine and, 45; Russian pogroms and political Zionism, 216; Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 199; Wiesel on, 195–196
Huntington, Samuel, 243
Husseini, Amin al-, 35, 253, 287n50, 288n62
Hutcheson, Joseph, 13, 29, 34, 37, 41
Ibrahimi Mosque and tomb of Abraham, 109–110
Immigration: Blackstone Memorial and Jews to Palestine, 216; British restrictions on Jewish immigration to Palestine, 12; imperialism and, 19, 27–28, 36; Jewish immigrants break blockade of Palestine, 47–48, 60; Jewish immigrants to Israel from Arab countries, 55, 65, 67; reluctance to admit Jewish refugees to United States, 24–25, 205. See alsoGreat Britain
Imperialism, American, 114, 119
Imperialism, British, 19, 39, 42, 46, 112
Institute for Arab-American Affairs, 19
International Association of Chiefs of Police, 263
Intifada, first, 123, 137, 165, 166, 170–172, 174–177; Wiesel on, 196–197
Intifada, second, 238, 248, 271; American perceptions of, 243; Christian Right support for Israel, 238; Israeli response as model for U.S. war on terror, 241–249; Operation Defensive Shield, 244–246
Iraq, 35, 67, 85, 101, 154, 183, 233, 246, 253, 260, 265, 269, 272, 275
Irgun, 47, 51, 54, 57, 62, 81–82, 123; American supporters of, 289n73; Deir Yassin massacre, 56
Islamofascism, 252–253
Israel: anticolonial narrative of origins, 80–81, 89, 108–111, 161–164; colonialism, 89, 95, 112–114; diplomacy with newly independent African nations, 89; hasbara, 153–154; image of invincible victim, 3, 7, 97–98, 127, 131, 137, 150, 154, 165, 178, 213, 221, 240, 269, 277; invasion of Lebanon (1982), 134–153; Iraqi nuclear reactor attack, 183–184, 233; Operation Thunderbolt, Entebbe rescue, 132–134; Sinai-Suez War, 87; Six-Day War, 95–110; Tel Aviv, 30, 54; tourism, 90, 212, 231–232, 235; War of Independence, 4, 50, 68, 86, 141; weapons and defense industry, 266–270, Yom Kippur War, 129, 181, 183, 212
Israel—America’s Key to Survival (Evans), 221, 233
Israel Defense Forces (IDF), 70, 94; admiration of evangelicals, 219; compared to Continental Army of 1776; humane image of, 7, 54, 86, 100, 102, 116, 142, 147, 151, 271; media portrayal of soldiers in Six-Day War, 100, 102, 103–105, 103, 109; military service and entrepreneurial spirit, 270–271, 273; mobilization for Six-Day War, 96–97, 106; women soldiers in, 105, 273
Jaffa, 30, 1948, 52, 82; Kirchwey’s visit (1948), 54; Nakba and evacuation of Palestinians, 52, 291n90
Jefferson, Thomas, 127
Jennings, Peter, 123
Jerusalem, 32–36, 38, 108, 109, 211; evangelical view of, 216–217, 233; Israeli conquest of East Jerusalem, 232; role in The Late Great Planet Earth, 217; setting for end of Schindler’s List, 209–210; setting in Left Behind series, 231; U.S. Embassy move, 275; in World War Z, 278. See alsoTemple Mount
Jewish Agency for Palestine, 17, 22, 34, 37, 40
Jewish Defense League (JDL), 190–191
Jewish Institute for National Security of America (JINSA), 261–262, 265; Law Enforcement Exchange Program (LEEP), 262–263
Joffe, Josef, 254–255
Johnson, Lyndon B., 181
Jones, James, 68
Jordan, 53, 95, 96, 99, 101, 105, 108, 109, 116, 119, 120, 121, 123, 126, 142, 229
Jordan River Valley irrigation project (JVA), 42–44
Juggler, The (film), 77
Kahane, Meir, 190
Kazin, Alfred, 105–106, 108, 147
Keller, Bill, 241
Kennedy, John F., 1, 79
Keys, Barbara, 206
Khalidi, Rashid, 142, 161
Kibbutz: compared to American pioneer past, 30, 61, 162; as symbol of Israel, 30, 31, 32, 33, 72, 111, 187, 270, 274
Kill Artist, The (Silva), 250–251, 326n23
King David Hotel bombing (1946), 61
Kirchwey, Freda, 49–50, 79, 288n60; on Arab refugee question, 54–57; in Ein Karem, 56, 290n88; to Israel (1948), 49–50; partition vote and plan, 44–45; support for Zionism, 40–42
Kissinger, Henry, 129
Klein, Naomi, 267, 269
Klinghoffer, Leon, 195
Koch, Ed, 194
Kollek, Teddy, 67
Kosygin, Alexei, 98
Kraft, Joseph, 116
Kramer, Stanley, 77
Krauthammer, Charles, 244–245
Kristol, Irving, on the Moral Majority, 235, 237
Kubrick, Stanley, 81
Kushner, Tony, 250
Lab, The (Feldman), 268
LaHaye, Tim, 220–224, 227; Battle for the Mind, 222; The Coming Peace in the Middle East, 22; Left Behind series (authored with Jerry Jenkins), 224–233. See alsoLeft Behind series
Lamb, David, 146
Laqueur, Walter, 122
Late Great Planet Earth, The (Lindsey), 214–215, 220
League of Nations, Palestine mandate, 12, 15
Lebanon War (1982), 136–140; American media response to, 136–137, 140–146; Christian Zionist support for Israel, 233; civilian suffering in, 139–140; conservative critique of media coverage, 153–160; crisis in image of Israel, 136–137, 146–143, 159–162; and disagreement among American Jews, 147–148, 150; impact on American image of Palestinians, 137–146, 149, 165; Israeli antiwar movement and self-criticism, 147, 150–153; One Family’s Tragedy, 144; Operation Peace for Galilee, 139; PLO Research Center looting by Israeli soldiers, 168; Sabra and Shatila refugee camp massacre, 139, 149; siege of Beirut, 137–139, 142–143
Le Carré, John, 156
Left Behind series (LaHaye and Jenkins), 224–231, 233; antichrist, 228; Armageddon war with Arabs, 230; conversion of Jews at Masada, 229; Holocaust references, 229; popularity of novels, 224–225; the Rapture, 226; rejection of secular Zionism, 227; UN as a threat, 228, 230
Lehrman, Hal, 290n88
Lewis, Anthony, 151, 156, 161, 164, 197
Lewis, Flora, 116
Li, Darryl, 267
Liberation (monument), 202–203, 203
Likud (Israeli political party), 153, 154, 185, 232, 234, 242, 261
Lindsey, Hal, 214–220, 224; The Late Great Planet Earth, 214–218, 220, 224; The 1980s, 220; A Prophetical Walk through the Holy Land, 219–220
Lippmann, Walter, 40
Lipset, Seymour Martin, 147
Listen, America! (Falwell), 221
Lowdermilk, Walter Clay, 42–44
Luce, Henry, 40
Magnes, Judah, binational proposal, 35, 42
Mailer, Norman, 68, 78
Malcolm X, 113
Manifest Destiny. SeeAmerican frontier myth
Mao Tse-tung, 120
Marjorie Morningstar (Wouk), 294n39
Masculinity, American crisis of, 79; tough Jew, archetype of in Exodus, 72–73, 78, 100
Mauldin, Bill, 100, 106
McCarthy, Joseph, 66
McCoy, John J., 205
McDonald, James G., 13, 32
McGovern, George, 206
Meir, Golda (Myerson), 34, 67, 124, 129, 161
Melville, Herman, 211
Middle East Is Potentially More Dangerous than Vietnam, The (Laqueur), 122
Middle East Studies Association, 161
Mintz, Alan, 191
Moral Majority, 213, 220–221, 233, 235, 237
Morris, Roger, 153
Mossad: in Exodus, 186; in Homeland, 260; in Munich, 129; Munich Olympic massacre and Operation Wrath of God, 129, 248–249; in NCIS, 260
Mossadegh, Mohammad, 88
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 130–132
Mueller, Robert, 263
Munich (Spielberg), 249–250
Murrow, Edward R., 69–70
Nahal Oz (kibbutz): Dayan eulogy for Roi Rothberg, 70–71; depiction in Gillenson, Young Kids on a Tense Border, 44–53; depiction in Murrow, See It Now, 69; location near Gaza, 69; Uris’s visit and use in Exodus, 68–69, 71–72
Nakba, 49–57, 145, 162
Naked and the Dead, The (Mailer), 68
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 70, 87–88, 96–97, 102
Nation, The, 12, 40, 41, 288n60
Nazism: American comparison of Begin’s political party to, 57; as analogy, 178; Begin on PLO and Arab nations, 179, 183, 184; comparison of Israelis to Nazis in Lebanon War, 149, 173, 193; criticism of comparing Israelis to Nazis, 156, 193; Eban on Arabs as Nazi surrogates, 99; in Exodus, 77, 78, 85. See alsoAnti-Semitism; Holocaust
NCIS (television series), 260–261
Near East Report, 187
Neoconservatives, 153, 155, 157; apocalyptic sensibility, 236; conservative agenda for Israel, 276; criticism of Spielberg and Munich, 250; fears of second Holocaust, 237; Munich Agreement as template, 236–237; relation to evangelicals, 236–238; revival of American power, 131, 156, 236, 241. See alsoJewish Institute for National Security of America (JINSA); Krauthammer, Charles; Kristol, Irving; Moynihan, Daniel Patrick; Podhoretz, Norman
Netanyahu, Benjamin, 205, 234; AIPAC speech, 212, 205; bond with United States after 9 / 11, 242–243; Fighting Terrorism, 242; friendship with evangelicals, 234–235
Netanyahu, Jonathan, 132, 134
Neuman, Emanuel, 18–19
New Anti-Semitism, The (Forster and Epstein), 183, 307n44
New Deal, 6, 39, 43–45
New Historians (Israel), 162
New Republic, 12, 40
New York City Police Department, 264
New York Post, 40
New York Times, 12, 40, 45
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 19, 40
Niles, David, 15
9 / 11 Commission Report, 258
1980s, The (Lindsey), 220
90 Minutes at Entebbe (Stevenson), 133–135
Nixon, Richard, and Nixon administration, 88, 127, 129, 183, 233
Nkrumah, Kwame, 58
Novick, Peter, 181–182, 183, 312n6
Obama, Barack, and Obama administration, 1–2; speech in Cairo (2009), 1, 274–275; on unbreakable bond with Israel, 1, 274
Occupied Palestinian territories, 109, 115–118, 122, 142, 154, 155, 162, 165, 168, 170, 172, 178, 183, 185, 218, 232, 235, 243–244, 246, 248, 263, 265, 267–270, 275–276
Olmert, Ehud, 154
One World (Willkie), 16–17
Operation Peace for Galilee, 139. See alsoLebanon War (1982)
Operation Wrath of God, 248–250. See also Munich (Spielberg); Terrorism
Ordeal of Con Thien, The (CBS), 104
Oren, Michael, 271
Orientalism, 28, 42, 54–55; stereotypes of Arabs, 76, 164
Oslo Accords, 234, 243, 268
Palestine: Anglo-American Committee visit, 29–35; Arab nationalism in, 35, 36; images of land as barren and empty, 43, 162, 216; as Jewish homeland, 12–13, 216; Jewish immigration to, 12, 17, 22, 25, 27, 62; Jewish settlement of (1946), 27, 30–32, 43; partition of, 37–38, 39, 40, 45–46, 51; population of, 32–33; Peters’s portrayal of, 162; violence after UN partition vote, 46
Palestine, Land of Promise (Lowdermilk), 43–44
Palestine—a New State of Mind (ABC), 123
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 114, 118–119, 168; American opposition to, 152, 154, 156, 158, 159, 160, 161, 193, 195, 251; Begin identifies as Nazis, 179, 185; Carter proposes peace conference with, 179; Lebanon War (1982) and, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144, 145, 152, 154, 156, 158; negotiations with Israel, 172, 197; Research Center in Beirut, 168; support by ordinary Palestinians, 145; terrorism and, 172, 195. See alsoArafat, Yasser; Fatah
Palestine Mission (Crossman), 15, 23
Palestinians: African American support of, 114; fedayeen and, 90, 115, 118–122; journalists’ comparison to Zionists and New Jews, 122, 124; media portrayal of, 53–54, 70, 118–124, 144–146, 149–151, 165–166; nationalism of, 49, 95, 115, 123, 176; refugees, 46, 47, 50, 53–55, 57, 66, 70, 71, 72, 99, 123, 144, 293n25; as viewed by American public, 50, 53, 54, 57, 72, 84, 118–125, 137, 140–146, 149–151, 161–164, 165–166, 227, 276–277
Partition of Palestine: arguments for, 37–38; film portrayal in Exodus, 83; The Nation’s memorandum to UN, 40, 44; UN vote, 39, 45–46; U.S. attempt to rescind, 46, 51. See alsoUnited Nations (UN)
Peace Now, 147, 152
Pence, Mike, 234
Peretz, Martin, 110–111, 114, 116, 136–137, 151, 154–155
Perle, Richard, 241
Perlmutter, Nathan, 235
Peters, Joan, 161–164
Phillips, William, 13
PM, 12, 40, 48, 50
Podhoretz, Norman, 155–158, 163, 238, 308n46; J’Accuse, 155–157; Why We Were in Vietnam, 157
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), 121–123; skyjacking and, 126–127
Porath, Yehoshua, 164
Preminger, Otto, 60, 63–64, 80, 82–83; Exodus film changes to novel, 77, 83, 85–86; filming in Israel, 67, 293n19
President’s Commission on the Holocaust, 179–180, 185–186, 189; partisanship for Israel, 199, 316n40; Wiesel presentation of report, 192
Prisoners of War (television series), 259
Prophetical Walk through the Holy Land, A (Lindsey), 219–220
Proskauer, Joseph, 18
Puritans and Puritanism, 211; parallels with biblical Israel, 5, 42
Rabin, Yitzhak, 94, 108, 165, 213, 234
Randolph, A. Philip, 114
Rapoport, Natan, 202
Reagan, Ronald, and Reagan administration, 127, 134, 152, 213; Bitburg controversy, 188, 316n48; military aid to Israel, 138–139, 183; Moral Majority, support for, 220; and neoconservative movement, 157–159, 236; on the occupied territories, 154; Religious Right and, 276; remarks at cornerstone laying for Holocaust Museum, 202; remarks at Days of Remembrance ceremony, 201–202; Star Wars agenda, 321n31
Rebel without a Cause (film), 65
Religious Right, The (Foxman), 237–238
Report of the President’s Commission on the Holocaust, 194
Report on Global Anti-Semitism, 326n28
Reston, James, 40, 96, 104
Rhodesia, 88, 111, 112, 113, 115, 117, 118, 130
Robertson, Pat, 213, 220, 223; conspiracy theories of, 237; criticized by ADL, 237; on the Holocaust, 223; Lebanese radio station
sponsorship, 233; support for Israeli invasion of Lebanon, 233
Robeson, Paul, 16
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 6, 24, 40, 44–45, 79
Roosevelt, Franklin D., and Roosevelt administration, 16, 130, 221; bombing of Auschwitz and, 205
Rosenfeld, Stephen, 128
Rosenwald, Lessing, 18–19
Rostow, Walt, 97
Roth, Philip, 90–91
Rothberg, Roi, 70–71
Rustin, Bayard, 114
Sabra and Shatila massacre, 231, 233
Sahwell, Aziz S., 91
Said, Edward, 138, 156, 164, 176–177, 292n6
Save Soviet Jewry, 190
Schary, Dory, 66
Schindler, Oskar, 208–210
Schindler’s List (Spielberg), 208–210
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 79
Schmidt, Dana Adams, 121–122, 302n74
See It Now, Egypt-Israel (CBS), 69–70
Senor, Dan, 269–270, 272
Shane (film), 73
Sharansky, Nathan, 254
Sharon, Ariel, 139, 142, 148–149, 151, 242–244, 245, 254
Shipler, David, 140–141, 147, 166–169, 173–176, 185; Arab and Jew, 166–169, 173–174; Arab and Jew (PBS), 175
Shultz, Lilli, 288n60
Silva, Daniel, 250–251; The Kill Artist, 250–251, 326n23
Silver, Abba Hillel, 18
Simon, Merrill, 231
Sinai-Suez War (1956), 87–89, 91
Singer, Saul, 269–270, 272
Six-Day War, 4, 7, 94–110; acquisition of territory during, 95, 98–99, 108–109, 111; American responses to, 94–95, 100, 110–119; anticolonial narrative, 108–110; colonial expansion argument, 111; foreign press in Israel, 298n18; How Israel Won the War (CBS), 100, 104; Lightning out of Israel, 100; preemptive war, 247; Swift Sword, 100; Vietnam War comparison, 101–102, 104, 110–111
Smith, Howard K., 70
Smithsonian Institution: Enola Gay exhibit controversy, 207; The West as America, Reinterpreting Images of the Frontier, 207
South Africa, 111, 113, 115
Spartacus (film), 81
Spielberg, Steven, 208–210, 249–250
SS Exodus, 60–62, 61; American involvement in, 64
Stalin, Joseph, 222
Start-Up Nation (Senor and Singer), 269–272
State Department, U.S. 11, 15; Report on Global Anti-Semitism, 326n28
Stern Gang, 47, 62; Deir Yassin massacre, 56
Stevenson, William, 133
Stone, I. F., 40, 42, 46–49, 123, 147; on Arabs fleeing Palestine in 1948, 51–53; binationalism, support for, 49; changing view of Israel, 49, 112; The Future of Israel, 112–113; on the Haganah, 46–47, 62; Holy War, 112; to Israel (1948), 49–50; kinship with Jews of Europe, 47–48; to Palestine with Jewish refugees, 47; on Puritanism and Zionism, 42; review of Anglo-American Committee report, 44; This Is Israel, 51, 53; Underground to Palestine, 47, 48; visit to Palestine (1945), 42
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 113–114; The Movement, 113–114
Sulzberger, Arthur, 40
Sulzberger, C. L., 116
Swaggart, Jimmy, 213
Sword in the Desert, The (film), 80
Syria, 53, 95, 96, 99, 101, 129, 139, 140, 154, 167, 187
Tel Hai, 72
Temple Mount: in prophecy belief, 211, 217, 227, 232; and second intifada, 243
Ten Commandments, The (film), 81
Tender Warrior (Weber), 219
Terrorism: Achille Lauro killing, 195; Entebbe hostage rescue, 132–134; fictional response to, 249–251; Islamic radicalism and, portrayed as common enemy, 251–252; Israeli counterterrorism as model, 240, 242, 255; Jewish militias in Palestine, 13, 33, 46; Munich Summer Olympics massacre, 127–128, 248; Netanyahu on, 242–243; Palestinian, 123, 126–127, 194, 241; September 11, 2001, 8, 239; skyjacking, 125–126; suicide bombing, 241, 242, 244, 265, 269. See alsoCounterterrorism; War on terror
Thompson, Dorothy, 40
Those Who Pass between Fleeting Words (Darwish), 197
Traub, James, 259
Truman, Harry S., 11–12, 23–25, 39, 66, 80; recognition of Israel, 45
Trumbo, Dalton, 81–83
Trump, Donald, 234, 257, 276, 278; Jerusalem as capital of Israel, 275; racial profiling and, 274, 275
Trumpledor, Joseph, 72
Tuchman, Barbara, 108, 163
24 (television series), 260
Underground to Palestine (Stone), 47–48
Unilateral Declaration of Independence (South Rhodesia), 88
United Nations (UN), 15; Arafat address to General Assembly, 129; Christian Right view of, 228; Palestine as British Mandate, 37; partition of Palestine, 37, 39, 45–46; refugee return resolution (Resolution 194), 55; Security Council resolution condemning Israel, 129–130; United States vetoes resolution on behalf of Israel, 2, 129
United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP), 62, 85
United States: aid to Israel, 2, 129, 138–139, 160, 183, 275; American Revolution as analogy, 4, 47, 87, 88, 112, 271; Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust, 201, 202; Holocaust consciousness and, 178, 182, identification with Israel after 9 / 11, 239, 241; Lebanon War (1982), media response to, 136–142; Six-Day War, media response to, 99–104; special relationship with Israel, 3–7; Vietnam War and, 130, 134–135; war on terror and, 238–264; World War II and, 41, 42, 68, 80, 106, 130, 149, 178, 181–182, 200–202, 203, 205–206, 208–209, 221, 236. See alsoAmerican frontier myth; Exceptionalism, American
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 178–180; Americanization of Holocaust, 198–199; American soldiers and Jewish survivors, 203–206, 317n53; bombing of Auschwitz, debate on, 204–205, 207–208, 218–219, 317n54; law enforcement training program, 266; opening ceremony, 199; permanent exhibit, 200, 203–204; President’s Commission on the Holocaust, 179–180, 185–186, 189, 190, 192, 194, 199; Reagan’s speech at cornerstone laying of, 202; reviews of opening of, 206–207
Uris, Leon, 6, 58–59, 67–68, 164; The Angry Hills, 68; biography, 67–68; Battle Cry, 68, 78; The Haj, 164, 310n67; idea for Exodus, 66; Israel visit, 66–71; Jewish American novelists, criticism of, 68, 78–79; Outstanding Action of the Jewish Underground, 81; self-image, 69, 78–79; on the Western, 68. See also Exodus (film); Exodus (Uris)
Vietnamese Declaration of Independence, 88
Vietnam War, 94–95, 101–102, 104, 110–111, 117, 125, 130, 146, 157; American imperialism and, 119; Carter’s view of, 206; comparison to Lebanon War (1982), 146–147, 179; comparison to Six-Day War, 7, 104, 106, 110–111, 116, 124–125, 217; domino theory and, 100; My Lai massacre, 173; Reagan’s view of, 157–158, 201
Wakefield, Dan, 58–59, 293n17
Wallace, Henry, 25, 40, 44, 45–46
Wallace, Mike, 104
Walzer, Michael, 110–112, 114, 147, 247
War of Independence (Israel), 50–51, 55
War on terror, 238–256; Israel as model for U.S., 241–248, 261–265, 269; and popular culture, 248–251, 258–261
Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP), 308n54
Washington Post, 153, 158, 198
Weber, Stu, 219
Weizmann, Chaim, 33–34
Welles, Orson, 215
Welles, Sumner, 40, 46, 79
We Need Not Fail (Welles), 46
White, Theodore, 105
Why We Were in Vietnam (Podhoretz), 157
Wiesel, Elie, 163, 188–190, 191–195, 314n28; criticism of U.S. refusal to bomb Auschwitz-Birkenau, 200, 205, 206; The Holocaust: Beginning or End?, 188–189; on Israel as existentially threatened, 188, 196–197; on Kosovo, 206; Night, 188; Nobel Peace Prize, 195–196, 315n34; on Palestinians, 192; as Presidential Commission chairman, 179, 189, 194; Reagan Bitburg controversy and, 188, 316n38; response to Lebanon War (1982), 193; slogan Never Again and, 191–192, 205
Will, George, 149, 241
Willkie, Wendell, 16, 23, 38
Wise, Stephen, 18–19
Wolpert, Stanley, 109
World Trade Center site, 245
World War Z, 278–279
Wouk, Herman, 68, 78; The Caine Mutiny, 68; Marjorie Morningstar, 68, 294n39
Wretched of the Earth, The (Fanon), 120
Xenophobia: American attitudes toward immigrants, 26; 275; in 24 (television series), 260
Yadin, Yigal, 67
Yad Vashem Holocaust memorial, 181, 213, 266
Yom Kippur War, 129, 181
Young, James, 208
Zakaria, Fareed, 252
Zionists and Zionism, 2, 7, 18; alliance with Christian Zionists, 236–237; Americanization of, 16, 20, 21, 39, 72–73; American organizations and, 18–19; Biltmore Program and, 17; depiction in Holocaust, 183; historiography, 162; history of, 18, 216; ideology of New Jew and repudiation of exile, 30–32, 72–73, 78; liberal framing of, 12, 39–41, 49, 155, 165, 276; narrative of origins of, 59, 72–73, 108, 111, 228; opponents of, 25, 41–42, 194–195. See alsoAmerican Council for Judaism (AJC); Anticolonialism; Haganah; Irgun; New Jew; Stern Gang
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