2024-04-04

What are the main arguments of the Indian Marxist historians like Romila Thapar to say the Islamic empire was benevolent with Hindus? - Quora

What are the main arguments of the Indian Marxist historians like Romila Thapar to say the Islamic empire was benevolent with Hindus? - Quora

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Romila thapar

Bipan Chandra⤴️

Harban mukhia⤴️

In "Communalism and the writing of Indian history", for instance, Romila Thapar, Harbans Mukhia and Bipan Chandra, professors at the JNU in New Delhi, the Mecca of secularism and negationism in India, denied the Muslim genocide by replacing it instead with a conflict of classes : "Muslims brought the notion of egalitarianism in India", they argue. The redoubtable Romila Thapar in her "Penguin History of India", co-authored with Percival Spear, writes again : "Aurangzeb's supposed intolerance, is little more than a hostile legend based on isolated acts

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Glad to answer. Read thoroughly!!!

Marxist history writing in India could not become as ridiculous as is the case of the Soviet or Chinese writings. But this was only due to different circumstances. In India too, the Marxist history writing (as also the writing on other social science subjects) would inevitably have reached the same ridiculous state had there been no check on it of an independent press, democracy, competing political parties and the presence of writers and scholars holding various viewpoints. Only because of communist monopoly, the social science books of the Soviet Union (and 

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She is a Hindu hater and communist. Most people here think Romila Thapar is a left wing historian and academic. She is known to be scholar on ancient Indian history and has written many books on it. In her first work, Aśoka and the Decline of the Maurya published in 1961, she praises Ashok the favourite posterboys of Chacha Nehru and his Communists clowns.

So basically she's a rice bag convert on a payroll who takes pride in abusing Hinduism and mocking deities to support her Jihadi/ Marxist agents. There are certain interesting or comical things she does bring out in her books.

Now here's why s

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So there is Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan, fighting against the Islamic hordes, laid down his life and his descendants continued the fight for centuries.

After him, Delhi is captured by Islamic invaders, temples are destroyed, his people who are hindus massacred and forcefully converted and a Islamic state is declared.

Now a historian comes and says, that this has nothing to do with Islamic jihad and these invaders are secular. That the Samrat and his men and women were only fighting for territory and their contribution do not match that of Islamic invaders.

How will you feel?

If this was done to mali

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Others may call her a historian, but she actually is not, as per her works and words. A historian is objective and puts forward findings, discoveries and evidences based on facts. Her entire narrative is based on an already built-up British theory that chiefly emanated through Oxford (known for the Boden-Professorship), Max Mueller, Sir Jones and others. It is surprising that the history of Ancient India has been brought from England as created by the British, rather than the researches and evidences already existing within India itself. Her reliance over the alien narratives are not only intr

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I will assume you are talking about Mr. D N Jha's claim, the then president of Indian History Congress, in his presidential address to the Congress in 2004. I wouldn't presume to argue and debate a claim by an eminent scholar like Mr. Jha simply on grounds of him being a man of Marxist leanings. It is a claim, and like all claims has its own merits and demerits. Mr. Jha undoubtedly did his fair share of research before presenting his hypothesis, and the subsequent endorsements and criticisms this theory received deal with issues I am neither qualified nor arrogant enough to delve into.

As far a

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From a neutral and academic standpoint, you fail to realise the scope and observational nature of Marxist historiography.

Dialectical observations, or dialectic materialism as a whole is not concerned with the the perceived “glory” of a nation. It is based on Marxian theories on economics. Dialectical historians view economy as being the infrastructure of society, whilst culture and other organelles of society form a superstructure. They also focus on class struggles and the proletariat rather than religion, or territorial conquests, or any of the like.

Various perspectives in the Indian social 

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  1. India is a country governed by the procedure established by law and not by the dictates of men or by any party.
  2. It is true that the left liberals have advanced their theories and accounts for long and obviously under the patronage of the then governments.
  3. It is necessary to discover and academically refute their false accounts with historical evidence and architectural analysis. That is the right way.
  4. In India, even a Pakistani woman who smuggled herself is given the protection of the law, is not tortured or subjected to ill treatment. Then how can we put respected academics to jail without crimi
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Mughals are not regarded very highly by entire Indian subcontinent people, nor Hindus.

  • Prior to Mughals, we had 300 years of Muslim rule in Delhi immediately after the Ghaznavis and Ghorid plunderers and looters.
  • The first 200 years of Delhi Sultanate was very busy in destroying and pillaging Buddhist monasteries, Buddhist temples, libraries, stupas and other Buddhist iconic institutions, few Jain libraries and temples, temple destruction was far too low compared to Buddhist and even Jain structures.
    • There should be strong reasons for virtually cleaning out entire Buddhist markers in India.
  • Prior
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Marxist historians were allowed to dominate Indian History studies by the Congress party for political reasons.

The successive Congress party adminstration needed historians to write Indian history that

(1) suggests that Hinduism like Islam and Christianity is a foreign import,

(2) reports about the killing of millions of Hindus, destruction of Hindu temples and forcible conversion of Hindus by Islamic invaders in the period 1200 - 1700 ce are exaggeration, ( you could read the post given below to get an idea of what was suppressed)

Pradip Gangopadhyay
 · 2y
Did Muslims and Hindus live in harmony on the Indian sub-continent before the British arrived?
I would say that Hindu-Muslim relationship was bad. The 1202 storm campaign of Muhammad Ghori resulted in the destruction of hundreds of Hindu temples. There is no doubt ( in spite of the efforts of secular historians) that Nalanda was destroyed by the Muslim invaders. The common Hindus were forced to pay Jizya tax. According to some estimates Muslims killed 80 million Hindus in their long 600 year rule. Their rule can be summed up by this quote: "If the revenue collector spits into a Hindu's mouth, the Hindu must open his mouth without hesitation" -- Qazi Mughisuddin legal officer of Sultan Alauddin Khilji (REF:ELLIOT and DOWSON, The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians; The Muhammadan Period ( 1876-77)). There was also forced conversions of Hindus by Muslims. An infamous example of a forcible conversion attempt was Aurangzeb's attempt to convert Kashmiri Pundits to Islam in the 1670s. Kashmiri Pundits were saved by the Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur who was executed by Aurangzeb for defending the rights of non-Muslims to live in India. Another example would be 16th century Varanasi. Muslim clergy made it impossible for Hindus to live peacefully in Varanasi. Sri Madhusudan Saraswati met Akbar and told him of the plight of Hindus. Akbar told him that he should form his own forces to resist the Muslim clergy. It is Akbar's advice that led to the birth of Naga Sannyasis. Will Durant, the famous historian summed it up like this: "The Islamic conquest of India is probably the bloodiest story in history. It is a discouraging tale, for its evident moral is that civilization is a precious good, whose delicate complex of order and freedom, culture and peace, can at any moment be overthrown by barbarians invading from without or multiplying within." Any other civilization would have been destroyed if they had suffered 80 million casualties. I am adding some more materials to show the agony faced by Hindus during Muslim rule. Here is an example of what Muslim historians said about Alauddin Khilji’s rule Besides this system of espionage among the Moslems, great and small, the Sultan devised special measures against his Hindu subjects. The Hindu was to be so reduced as to be left unable to keep a horse to ride on, to carry arms, to wear fine clothes, or to enjoy any of the luxuries of life. He was taxed to the extent of half the produce of his land, and had to pay duties on all his buffaloes, goats, and other milch-cattle. The taxes were to be levied equally on rich and poor, at so much per acre, so much per animal. Any collectors or officers taking bribes were summarily dismissed and heavily punished “with sticks, pincers, the rack, imprisonment, and chains.” The new rules were strictly carried out, so that one revenue officer would string together twenty Hindu notables and enforce payment by blows. No gold or silver, not even the betel nut, so cheering and stimulative to pleasure, was to be seen in a Hindu house, and the wives of the impoverished native officials were reduced to taking service in Moslem families. Revenue officers came to be regarded as more deadly than the plague; and to be a government clerk was a disgrace worse than death, insomuch that no Hindu would marry his daughter to such a man – a state of affairs that showed their feeling against the power that ruled them. All these new enactments were promulgated without any reference to the legal authorities. Ala-ad-din held that government was one thing and law another, and so long as what he ordered seemed to him good he did not stop to inquire whether it was according to law. One day, however, he saw the learned kadi of Biana at court, and addressing him said he had some questions to ask to which he required truthful replies. “The angel of my fate seems to be at hand,” cried the kadi in alarm, “since your Majesty wishes to question me on matters of religious law.” The Sultan promised not to kill him, and a curious conversation ensued. Ala-ad-din wished first to know the legal position of Hindus, and the kadi replied: “They are called payers of tribute, and when the revenue officer demands silver from them, they should, without question and with all humility and respect, tender gold. If the officer throws dirt (or spits) into their mouths, they must unreluctantly open their mouths wide to receive it. By doing so they show their respect for the officer. The due submission of the non-Moslems is exhibited in this humble payment and by this throwing of dirt into their mouths. The glorification of Islam is a duty, and contempt of the Religion is vain. God holds them in contempt, for He says ‘keep them under in subjection.’ To keep the Hindus in abasement is especially a religious duty, because they are the most inveterate enemies of the Prophet.” The Sultan said that he did not understand a word of the learned man’s argument, but he had taken his measures to reduce the pride of the Hindus, and had succeeded in making them so obedient that “at my command they are ready to creep into holes like mice.” “O Doctor,” he went on, “thou art a learned man, but hast no experience of the world. I am an unlettered man, but I have seen a great deal. Be assured then that the Hindus will never become submissive and obedient till they are reduced to poverty. I have therefore given orders that just sufficient shall be left to them from year to year of corn, milk, and curds, but that they shall not be allowed to accumulate hoards of property.” So far the law and the Sultan were not at variance. When they spoke of the punishment of corrupt revenue officers, there was still not much difference; but when the Sultan touched upon the delicate question of his own claim upon war-booty and upon the public treasury, ……………. History of India edited by Professor A. V. Jackson There is a fascinating exchange of letters between Anundpal (Raja of Delhi) and Sultan Mahmud of Gizhnevy about temple destruction. The question as to why temples were being destroyed by Islamic invaders was asked by Raja of Delhi, Anundpal in the year 1011 ce to the most famous (or infamous) of Islamic invaders Sultan Mahmud of Gizhnevy on the eve of the destruction of the temple of Tahnesur. ‘The Raja’s brother, with two thousand horses was also sent to meet the army, and to deliver the following message:- “My brother [Anundpal] is the subject and tributary of the King, but he begs permission to acquaint his Majesty, that Tahnesur is the principal place of worship of the inhabitants of the country: that if it is required by the religion of Mahmood to subvert the religion of others, he has already acquitted himself of that duty, in the destruction of the temple of Nagrakote. But if he should be pleased to alter his resolution regarding Tahnesur, Anundpal promises that the amount of the revenues of that country shall be annually paid to Mahmood; that a sum shall also be paid to reimburse him for the expense of his expedition, besides which, on his own part, he will present him with fifty elephants, and jewels to a considerable amount.” Mahmood replied, “The religion of the faithful inculcates the following tenet: ‘That in proportion as the tenets of the Prophet are diffused, and his followers exert themselves in the subversion of idolatry, so shall be their reward in heaven;’ that, therefore, it behoved him, with the assistance of God, to root out the worship of idols from the face of all India. How then should he spare Tahnesur?’ History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India by John Briggs Translated from the Original Persian of Mahomed Kasim Ferishta Then there is this terrifying incident that occurred in 1441 ce. Sooltan Mahmood [Khiljy], however, marched on within a short distance of Kalpy, before he shaped his course towards Chittoor. After having crossed the Bunas river, he sent on detachments of light troops to lay waste the country. The main body continued to advance slowly, and was engaged every day either in taking prisoners or in destroying temples, and in building musjids in their stead. Sultan Mahmood now attacked one of the forts in the Koombulmere district, defended by Beny Ray, the deputy of Rana Koombho of Chittoor. In front of the gateway was a large temple which commanded the lower works. This building was strongly fortified, and employed by the enemy as a magazine. Sooltan Mahmood, aware of its importance, determined to take possession of it at all hazards; and having stormed it in person, carried it, but not without heavy loss; after which, the fort fell into his hands, and many Rajpoots were put to death. The temples was now filled with wood, and being set on fire, cold water was thrown on the stone images, which caused them to break, the pieces were given to the butchers of the camp, in order to be used as weights in selling meat. One large figure in particular, representing a ram, and formed of solid marble, being consumed, the Rajpoots were compelled to eat the calcined part [lime] with pan, in order that it might be said that they [Hindus] were made to eat their gods. Sooltan Mahmood having reduced this fort, which the kings of Guzerat, notwithstanding frequent and long sieges, had never been able to effect, caused public thanksgiving to be made, at which every person in camp was required to attend. History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India, History of the kings of Malwa by John Briggs Translated from the Original Persian of Mahomed Kasim Ferishta

(3) Buddhism is far superior t

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I was intrigued by this question and wanted to answer it. However, I didn’t know much about DD Kosambi so I had to do a bit of research about him and I got to know more about him through my friends on social media and through Internet in general. As I write this answer, I’m currently reading a book related to the topic in question. I’m reading Arun Shourie’s Eminent Historians: Their Technique, Their Line, Their Fraud which is an exegtical work on Marxist historiography in India. I’ve referred to it while writing this answer. I received inputs from my friends Hamsanandi (ಹಂಸಾನಂದಿ) and Udipi Sh

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When and where? Such claims should be able to identify in some specific way when this carnage happened. For instance, I find this on a Wikipedia page:

The reign of Aurangzeb witnessed one of the strongest campaign of religious violence in the Mughal Empire's history. Popular historian Matthew White claims an estimated 4.6 million people were killed under his reign.[84] Aurangzeb banned Diwali, re-introduced jizya (tax) on non-Muslims,[85] led numerous campaigns of attacks against non-Muslims, forcibly converted Hindus to Islam and destroyed Hindu temples.[86][88][89]

I haven't confirmed these st

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There are many reasons behind why I and many others loathe Marxists. One of the primary ones is that in the Indian context, their ideology is diametrically opposed to the very existence of an Indian state (only as long as they're not in power of course).

Remember that Marxist ideology is rooted in an emotional appeal that "we must feel bad for people who are poor or oppressed", and that leads to "their poverty is a result of them being oppressed by those more powerful than them". This further leads to the government or certain institutions being deemed the "chief oppressor", as power is concent

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Thankyou for A2A.

Yes. Our History books to be rewritten. No doubt in that.

  1. Our History books not includes the details of Indian kings before the invasion of Islamic Kings, sufficiently.
  2. These books do not say informations of South Indian kingdoms, there are some informations provided just for the name sake only. If the Mauryan empire and Mughal empire could reach upto Deccan, Why do not they believe the informations of Southern Kings crossing the Ganges, Inscribing on the Himalayan Rocks?. Why the Southern emperors influenced the SouthEast Asia for few centuries are not glorified in our text boo
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Who will do the rewriting? Are there successors of P.N.Oak, Baburao Patel, Diwan Germani Das available to take up the task? Does Sudarhana Rao who said that that Ramayana and Mahabharata are historical accounts get a chance? Will Balusa Jagathayya and Bhaskara Yogi who claim that there were never any communal riots in India and that Hindus never lost a war get an official backing for propagating their brand of history?

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Yes.They need an overhaul. Who white washed is immaterial. We have to rewrite, refine our Glory and hand over correct History to our Generation next. We have lost our original path ie the Hindutva,the foundation of this great Civilization, in the Jungle of pseudo-Secularism.Hinduism is either suppressed or wrongly interpreted. Inspite of Many Glorious principles like “Vedammulamidam Jagath", “Ahimsa Paramo Dharma",”Vasudhiaka Kutumbakam",”Paropakara Punyaya",”Ekam Sat Vipra Bahuda Vadanti",”Yatranariyastu Poojyanthe",”Dharmo Rakshati Rakshitaha",”Satyamev Jayathe",”Yogakshemam Vahamyaham" etc.

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Some of us like minded bibliophiles at the ISRO Satellite Centre had formed a book club in 1982 and ran it for about 4 years. We had bought about 150 books in that period on assorted subjects in all. We shared these books equally when I left ISRO in 1986. I read Romila Thapar's book on Ancient India together with Perceval Spear's book on India from medieval times to modern times as a companion volume, about 37 years ago. Obviously my memory is rather hazy regarding fine details now on her wonderful book.

The fact that Professor Romila Thapor has left wing orientation in her historical understan

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I am a firm believer that all castes were united somewhat till the British found it an advantage to use the few temple and warrior people to enforce their empire. I am located in Malaysia where they used the Sri Lankan Tamils who were few to control the population. They did this all over their empire. We have two races here named Ibans and Bidayuhs who look the same, have the same food habits and culture but who hate each other; the British developed the rivaly amonst them. The British were worried the Budayuh and Ibans would get together to run them out. And gave them both beer to weaken them

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What is true is that Hindus don’t have a tradition of history telling, like they do in the West and in China. For Hindus, history and myth are the same. That needs to be understood.

A thousand years ago, there weren’t even 100 million people living in India. How is it possible that 100 million Hindus were genocided?

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Marxism came to India not from the usual suspects, but from the Jesuit missionaries, who realized early that while it was useful to convert Hindu to Christianity, not everyone would be amenable to it. So they propagated the halfway house of Marxism and gave them the role of “keepers of new knowledge”, that is western narratives on “Hinduism” and Hindu history. “Intellectual sepoys”, as it were, in order to deracinate the Hindu!

They have been true to their colonial masters. If things had gone well, and colonial rule had been perpetuated, these Marxists would have had great personal benefits as 

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They are made for each other, supportive of each other, follow the same principles in different ways, and choose to kill each other only when alone, and there is no one else around.

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Marxist history is the interpretation of history through the lens of Marxism, a socio-economic and political theory that was developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 19th century. Marxism views history as a progression of class conflict, with the working class eventually overthrowing the ruling class and establishing a socialist society.

Marxist history has been used to interpret Indian history in a number of ways. Some Marxist historians have argued that Indian history is a history of class conflict, with the working class (the peasants and the lower castes) being exploited by the ru

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I wouldn't call that as true. Generally what happens in India is that local leaders get cocky and start nickling and diming their human capital resources. Then talented human capital summon a foreign leader, rally under him and he establishes da Desi EMPIRE for the next couple hundred years.

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Marxist historians generally means those who are influenced by Marxist ideas and who sees this world as a class struggle. They see everything as class struggle starting from the beginning of the world. And they have another strategy of writing false history or re-writing history.

There were no Marxist historians in the past (before Indian independence except in communist party ). In India, they were mostly given chances to work in academia post independence. These Marxist were supported and established by left universities who gained huge fundings and support from Soviet Union (who claims to be

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They are wrong. They don't have the special eyes and vision to notice,

How good those invaders are.

How many temples are developed by those Muslim rulers.

How many Muslims converted and adopted in to Hinduism.

How many Muslims lived like Ram and Sita. One man one woman.

How they helped girl children, women to live in a dignified manner.

How kashi, ayodhya, madhura, somanath temples etc are developed in a grand manner.

Especially education. How could we forget that! How well educated they are and how much they tried to educate Hindus. So many schools and libraries they built.

Hindus unnecessarily got s

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On the contrary ,the brutality of Tippu against hindus ,only certain excerpts are appended under:

“”According to historian Lewis B. Boury, the devastation Tipu Sultan inflicted on the southern part of India was harsher and more barbaric than the atrocities performed against the Hindu inhabitants in India by the infamous Mahmud of Ghazni, Alauddin Khalji, and Nadir Shah.

Tipu Sultan’s 17-year reign, according to Sandeep Balakrishna, author of ‘Tipu Sultan: The Tyrant of Mysore,’ was indeed a unified image of military, economic, and religious torment for the Hindu population. Tipu had declared Tip

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A common misconception is that Mughals were able to establish a stable and prosperous empire in entire India. Modern history purposefully hides the struggle mughal had to face throughout entire existance against Hindu armies. There were only 6 prominent Mughal rulers in that period - Babur to Aurangzeb.

Babur could not simply attacked and conquer, he failed four times. Only fifth time could bring him enough success. However, apart from capturing Delhi and part of north-western India, we don’t hear much about him. Babur did not face any united Indian army (like any coalition of Kings that happen

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They can justify and defend themselves as their opinion. Behind them were their political masters. They write as per their command. Even the Britishers distorted our history.

So, instead of putting them in jail, we can rewrite our history which is true.

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ISlamic invasions of India started from the time Islam was born in the 7th century. By the 12th century, Islamic rule was established in the Rajput city of Rai Pithora (today, a part of Delhi), where they destroyed a huge complex of temples and observatories to create what is today better known as the Qutab Minar complex. From this base, they sent out expeditions as far East as Bengal from the 12th to 15th centuries, looting and raping, and plundering our temples, with each temple having wealth that was more than all the Islamic kingdoms of the world put together at any time.

There were constan

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Right of conquest was a thing back then. When Hindus conquered other kingdoms and wiped out the local culture to instate their culture, they too had the right of conquest. It’s somewhat ridiculous to look back now and pretend right of conquest wasn’t a thing. People of all nations lauded their monarchs for conquering.

And unfavorable attitudes towards genocides in conquest didn’t arise until the World Wars happened. Where do you think the saying ‘All is fair in war’ comes from? Literally everyone thought back then that to dominate a lesser people and stamp your mark was a good thing. And as alw

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There were genocides several times on indian territory for more than 1000 years. It was the harshest, bloodiest truth of our country's history.

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They will go to jail only if they break the law. The fact that their work is no longer highly regarded or respected is punishment enough for these authors.

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I must thank Frederic Truong for inspiring me to answer this question even though he has already answered the same question.

The issue is not Romila Thapar, but the issue is India’s past. Nations are relatively new and artificial constructs created by bringing disparate tribes, ethnicities, and peoples together in the last two centuries.

History is used (or abused, depending on one's point of view) as one of the tools to justify such constructs, with each nation having its own narrative which it believes to be accurate. In fact, all these narratives embellish history to suit their needs. Indian 

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