Transcript
In this coastal town, complete with bell tower, canals and gondolas, you could almost believe
you are in Venice. As they planned their Vietnam holiday, Grégory, Émilie,
and their two children never envisioned such a location 10,000 km from Europe.
I wasn’t expecting this. A little Italy! Wow!
Is that the Colosseum? Yes. It's Rome!
It's very well done, but you can see they were inspired by the holiday clubs in Greece and Spain.
The French family is visiting the island of Phu Quoc
Developers have built an entire city here based on the Italian model.
Look at that. It’s bizarre. They’ve even recreated Roman ruins. Look at the attention to detail!
Touch the tree and see if it's real!
Located in the middle of the square is a replica of an ancient fountain.
You can't throw any coins into it. I suppose it's not part of the culture.
The family explores the imitation Italian town on scooters. It looks like a movie set.
Not like Vietnam at all.
Welcome to Disneyland! This architectural spectacle cost 2.7 billion euros.
It’s the work of wealthy real estate magnates, backed by the government.
Tourism, a key industry in Vietnam, has grown by 60% in the last 10 years.
In 2025, Phu Quoc Island along with its smaller neighboring islands welcomed over 6 million visitors,
including many Asians and Eastern Europeans.
The family aren’t about to miss out on the island's star attraction... The world's longest cable car ride over the sea.
Ah wow... The cost of construction, which includes a hotel complex,.. What a beautiful view.
... amounted to 410 million euros. A great place.
This 8 km ride crosses idyllic beaches before connecting
the island with a cluster of smaller islands in just 20 minutes.
It's like flying over the islands. Unbelievable, really cool. Vietnam is really varied.
There's a bit of everything, traditional and hypermodern, as we see here.
Very nice! While Phu Quoc presents Vietnam’s highly developed face
to the outside world, in the center of the island a monumental statue of Ho Chi Minh,
father of the nation and founder of the only authorised party, is a reminder that the country is one of the last remaining communist regimes.
Thirty years ago, Vietnam was still very poor and rural. But now it’s booming,
a success story in South East Asia. Economic growth is over 6%
and the country is modernizing in all areas.
We want to build our own Silicon Valley.
It’s a dynamic ((that’s)) transforming the country of over 100 million inhabitants. Vietnam has an increasing number of millionaires...
I like this collection. Can I have it? And a new middle class is emerging.
Thanks to the shrimp farm, I was able to buy this car.
This impressive development is led by the Communist Party, which has ruled the country for half a century.
In 1986, its members decided to liberalize the economy and partially privatize key industries.
It’s this transition to a socialist-oriented market economy that has Vietnam on track to becoming Asia’s next tiger.
Attracted by the new opportunities presented by the economic upswing, children of Vietnamese migrants who
fled the country are now returning. TK is American.
He’s opened a nightclub in Vietnam and is trying to break into the world of e-sports and video games.
So being able to take some of the things that we did really well in the US, bring it to Vietnam. And just kind of innovate the nightlife entertainment industry here.
But not everyone is benefiting from this economic growth. Anyone who dares criticize party politics pays the price.
They beat up my husband and put him in prison.
Because Vietnam is still an authoritarian one-party state in the hands of the all-powerful General Secretary To Lam.
We’re exploring a country where the economic miracle masks the power and influence of the Communist Party.
With a population of 12 million, Ho Chi Minh City is the largest metropolitan area in Vietnam.
And it’s here that the economic boom is most visible. There are dozens of skyscrapers.
And millionaires like Mrs. Thao are unabashedly proud of their achievements.
We can go now. This businesswoman
never travels without an entourage of personal assistants and a chauffeur.
She’s driven through the city in her luxury van… ...between mopeds and street stalls.
Mrs. Thao, who owes her fortune to the coffee industry, is considered the sixth richest woman in the country.
In Vietnam, she even competes with Starbucks.
When I was a child, my parents worked in the gold trade. At that time, we had a high standard of living
and already owned coffee plantations. I knew from early on the potential of this product.
In 2023, Vietnam was home to almost twenty thousand millionaires, double the number 10 years previously.
OK Thank you Come on in.. Thanks to her wealth, she can shop in this luxury shopping center built in 2021.
All the major players are represented here: Bulgari, Van Cleef & Arpels, and Cartier.
Hello Mrs. Thao, we’re delighted to have you back. In Ho Chi Minh City,
more than a dozen of these large shopping malls for the wealthy have sprung up in the last ten years.
They’re coffee leaves. The millionaire has fallen in love with the gold necklace.
Oh my God! I’m, like, very in the coffee industry!
Coffee beans of course... for 75,000 euros. I'm happy, and that's important.
When we're happy, we can spend.
After her luxury shopping spree, Mrs. Thao has an appointment at the huge Ben Thanh Market,
where one of her 65 stores is located. And as with every visit
her employees are queing up to welcome her.
Hierarchy is very important in Vietnam. With her diamonds and haute couture
she look a little out of place in this very cheap market.
In the bustle of vegetable stalls, snack stands, and tourist trinkets, the Coffee Queen finds a couple of admirers.
I think you're very beautiful on TV. I wondered what you looked like in real life. Madame, shall we go to the store?
Hello, how are you? What’s the best-selling product, the one that tourists love?
This is our bestseller. I launched King Coffee in 2017.
In just a few years, I established the brand worldwide in the United States, South Korea, and China.
Vietnam has become the world's second-largest coffee producer after Brazil, and King Coffee is one of its international success stories.
Mrs. Thao's small beans grow 300 km further north, on the highlands of Dalat, with its favorable climate and fertile soils.
When all the berries are red, it's time to harvest. This year's harvest will be good.
But Mrs. Thao doesn’t own this fertile land, because Vietnam, a one-party Communist state,
doesn’t have private land. The land belongs to the state. The entrepreneur leases her land from the government
and could lose everything if she criticizes its policies.
I feel very free in my business activities. I work hard and abide by the law so
that I can contribute to the development of my country.
We Vietnamese are a strong people; we know how to stand together behind our government in difficult times.
Like many Vietnamese, Mrs. Thao is loyal to the Communist Party, which, having won the country's independence,
set about modernizing Vietnam. At its 6th national party congress,
the Communist Party resolved to open up the economy to capitalism, as in neighboring China. This reform became known as Doi Moi
Vietnamese for "renewal."
Since then, the economy has been growing at nearly double-digit rates and foreign direct investment in Vietnam has increased significantly.
...like here in the center of the country, near Nha Trang in Tri Nguyen, where there are huge aquaculture farms.
These developments, promoted by the party, have changed the lives of the local population.
This is the feed for the shrimp. I pour it in and they eat their fill.
Shellfish farming is booming. There are many changes here, more and
more farms and more and more people. There used to be fewer fish farmers.
But what keeps this region alive is shrimp farming. With over a million tons per year,
Vietnam is now one of the world's largest producers of these crustaceans.
Shrimp have made Quang Duy and his family rich. They own a 4-hectare shrimp farm.
Today, they belong to the upper middle class.
Hello honey, did you cook us a tasty lunch? There’s cooked fish with tamarind leaves along with fried eggs,
fried fish, and caramelized shrimp. Great!
We built this house seven years ago. Before that, we lived in a small house.
It wasn't very spacious. Thanks to the shrimp farm, I was able to buy this car.
I bought this scooter for my wife. She rides it and uses it for shopping.
I also bought her this massage chair so she can relax.
Son, will you come and turn it on for me please? A luxury worth 1,500 euros.
In Vietnam, the average salary in 2025 was around 325 euros per month.
I never even dreamed of having such a standard of living. I’m very happy to have a man like him.
He is very attentive, really great.
Quang is reticent about the value of his business. But according to our calculations,
he produces around 25 tons of shrimp per year, with a turnover of almost 150,000 euros.
It’s a fortune that makes the farmer a little nervous…
These are the cameras I’ve installed to monitor the shrimp farming area. There are a lot of them.
I use them to keep an eye on the operation of the tanks
These ponds are a source of wealth for farmers like Quang, but they’re harmful to the environment.
Mangrove forests, home to rare biodiversity, were destroyed to create them.
And that's not all…
The shrimp are fed small granules made of dried algae and plants, but also antibiotics.
20 kilograms per pond, every day. The feed and the excrement saturate the water with
salt, phosphorus, and nitrogen substances that are extremely harmful to marine flora and fauna.
Nonetheless Quang is very proud of his ponds.
Here’s the fan that enriches the water with oxygen, and those are the bubble aerators.
This is intensive farming. That's why I need powerful equipment.
At the international level, Vietnam has committed itself to environmental measures,
but in practice, economic growth in the country often comes at the expense of the environment.
Just like here. In the neighboring port, just a few kilometers away,
small-scale fishermen are concerned.
These pictures are misleading. Although the catch appears abundant...
... wild shrimp and fish in the surrounding waters has been on the decline in recent years.
The catch wasn't good. We're hungry. There aren't enough buyers today.
Normally, we can earn up to 350 euros at this time of year, but at the moment we've only earned 110 euros.
We all depend on the sea here. Some of us have small fish farms, others go out fishing.
Like the other fishermen, 70-year-old Minh has watched helplessly as her village's business has declined.
The old lady knows exactly why.
They feed the fish in the farms, but they give them too much. This produces waste, and over time the smell of the water
has got worse and worse and it’s turning black. Now the water is polluted.
The shrimp and the fish are dying by the thousands.
But those in charge are not specially concerned about the environmental damage. What matters is that the shrimp industry in Vietnam
has created over 3 million jobs in 20 years.
The mantra across the nation is that economic development comes first a strategy that has profoundly changed the country.
Fifty years ago, Nha Trang Bay in central Vietnam was little more than a long, deserted beach dotted with a few buildings.
Today, after the transition to the socialist-oriented market economy, it feels like Miami.
With its many trendy bars and clubs, the city transforms into a huge party zone after dark.
Here we are. We eat here. This dynamic attracts businesspeople
from all over the world, such as TK Nguyen and his brother Dru. They are Americans of Vietnamese descent.
Their parents fled the dictatorship 40 years ago. But their sons decided to come back to do business.
Yeah, I'm so hungry. This is meat Wonton. It's one of the most popular dishes here, especially at night time.
It's so good. I haven’t actually had it in a while so I’m starting to eat. This is actually a pork dumpling, with onions and vermicelli noodles.
We used to do this with our grandma back home. Rolling the dough, filling the meat, pinching it and putting it together, so.
It kind of hits the spot, reminds me a bit of my grandma, she’s actually in Canada but… For you, Grandma!
In the 1980s, TK's parents were among the so-called "boat people"
Vietnamese refugees fleeing oppression and poverty in makeshift boats.
They spent between ten and twenty days on the South China Sea aboard a small boat.
At the time, the whole world was outraged. Some of the refugees found a new home in Europe and the United States.
Home sweet home. TK's parents settled in California. They opened bars and restaurants and made a fortune.
This is my mom here on my graduation day, when I graduated from high school. If you'd told that guy he was going to move back to Vietnam
and live I don’t think he'd have believed you. In the USA TK studied business administration,
and it occured to him that Vietnam could be a land of opportunities. You know when I was first talking to my mom and said,
Mom I’m going to move back to Vietnam, she said, 'What?' Because, she actually left here during really difficult times.
So wait, you are here and you are living this amazing life in the US, but you want to go back to Vietnam?
But Vietnam has changed so much since what she remembered. It's funny, growing up in the US,
I actually found my American dream here in Vietnam, you know. Isn’t it exciting just to be part of the growth
and to see Vietnam continuing to grow. In Nha Trang, TK opened a nightclub
with the financial support of his parents... What's up?! Welcome to Skylight.
...on the 45th floor of this skyscraper.
Hey! The entrepreneur invested 2.5 million euros to transform the former helicopter landing pad into a dance floor.
So, music genius, are you going to get us grooving tonight? To make his business profitable,
TK needs to attract as many customers as possible. Hello, team! ...And uses a very American approach,
motivating staff with good humor and competition. How many people are we expecting tonight?
Shall we bet on it? 650! 900!
Let's say 900. Let’s get to work!
The prices at TK's Club are tailored to the upper class. The equivalent of 10 euros for a cocktail
and an average of 300 euros for a bottle of champagne, which is almost equivalent to an average monthly salary in Vietnam.
People from all over the world come here and just let loose. And you can see, the energy, the music, the DJs, we're outside,
we're under the stars, having a good time, there’s nothing else like it.
TK won his bet tonight. His dance floor is packed.
I’m so excited because we hit our goal! 900 people 936 I think! So we’ll celebrate.
Inspired by the success of his discotheque, TK now has other ambitions.
He’s taken on a new challenge in Ho Chi Minh City.
He’s bought an e-sports club for €2 million, which includes a dozen gamers, i.e., professional video game players.
Here in Vietnam, they are rock stars.
This discipline, which is a hit throughout Asia, is booming in Vietnam. The market has grown
by around 8% per year in recent years. This morning, TK and his team are taking part in a national competition.
Let's go make history. Just have fun! Just have fun! And you are supposed to be here because you guys are fucking champions.
Right? Let's go!
His team’s up against another Vietnamese team and the crowd is exilirated. We've got to win.
We're going to win today. So we remain in first place. In groups of five, they play the
world-famous video game League of Legends. The game is broadcast live in the stadium and also on the internet.
Millions of fans follow the game. Let’s go It's 2-1. One more.
It's got to end. I don't want any more games. The winning team takes home €25,000.
But for TK, the owner of the club, the annual income from broadcasting rights and sponsorship deals amounts to several hundred thousand euros.
Tonight, it's his team who wins the cup.
To celebrate their victory, TK has prepared a surprise for them: a bus tour through the city, worthy of soccer world champions.
Make some noise for the coach, long live the coach!
TK knows that e-sports can be big business, and he thinks big.
Okay, we're ready, you guys. The next day, after a few hours of sleep,
he gathers his entire staff for an even crazier project. This time he wants to build a stadium in
Ho Chi Minh City dedicated exclusively to e-sports. We want to establish Vietnam as an e-sports hub for Southeast Asia,
and in order to do that, we need to have arenas and places where we can attract not only players,
but also the fans. The project will cost millions of euros.
TK is planning a partnership with a large local company, and for this he needs the go-ahead from the communist party.
He’s already obtained an initial stamp of approval. So this is really like one of the biggest honours that we have here.
It's a certificate, we’re being recognised by the Prime Minister of Vietnam himself.
You know, every time you do something new, things don’t really move until the government gets behind it.
In Vietnam, the Communist Party is all-powerful. It’s the only political organization permitted under the constitution.
It has over 5 million members, but the real power is concentrated in the Central Committee,
which consists of around 200 men and women.
At its head is General Secretary To Lam. He sets the political agenda.
To steer the economy, he relies on powerful industrialists—the oligarchs.
They control the country's key industries, exemplified by FPT, the market leader in new technologies and telecommunications,
headquartered in the capital Hanoi.
Which corridor are you using? 50-year-old Chu Ha is number three in this huge Vietnamese digital company.
Are you leaving tomorrow morning? I'll be in Malaysia tomorrow, unless I have to fly to the US.
I start at 4.30 or 5 am. It’s very early.
I want to prepare my busy days by physical sports.
Prepare the day for full energy and a happy day.
This powerful woman optimizes every minute of her busy schedule. Her golf course is located directly below her office.
You can put my cart in the trunk of the car and finish the file by tomorrow. I'll go take care of a client in Japan.
Chu Ha not only sits on the group's board of directors, but also heads the highly strategic software subsidiary.
She studied in the US and today her client base includes Boeing and Microsoft as well as the Vietnamese government.
In 2023, this multinational company generated sales of over 2 billion euros.
It's a private company, but the Communist Party retains a very strong hold on it. To understand this, it helps to attend a management meeting.
Okay, let's start. The heads of all the subsidiaries have assembled for this video conference,
led by Mr. Binh, FPT CEO, seen here at the bottom right of the screen.
Mr. Binh is considered one of Vietnam's most powerful oligarchs. He's believed to be a member of the Communist Party—but most notably,
he's the son-in-law of a regime founder and former commander-in-chief of the People's Army.
With his influence and state support, Binh founded FPT in 1988.
Today, his fortune is estimated at around half a billion euros.
Although the boss is a communist, he uses American management methods to increase productivity.
The goal of today's meeting is to compare the results of the individual subsidiaries and nominate the employee of the month.
Congratulations again to FPT Software! With a profit of 102%, it’s the fastest growing unit.
Well done!
Chu Ha is the winner of this competition.
The top boss has assigned her a new task: to develop and manage a huge corporate university complex.
This area- we want to build the new Silicon Valley in Vietnam.
We want to attract young talent, IT talent, to our company. Chu Ha was inspired by the Google campus.
The site has programming rooms and attracts
the country's most qualified engineers as well as foreign delegations looking for inspiration.
Ah, Japan.
This state-of-the-art university attracts Vietnam's best students. At the end of their studies, FPT retains the most talented among them.
Every year, 40% of the best-performing students
come to the internship in FPT Software.
Future engineers pay €1,000 per semester for their studies,
almost double the average monthly wage. Although it looks like an American-style campus,
people here never forget to celebrate the great of Vietnam.
The FPT has designed its curriculum to train future model employees who will contribute to the country's economic growth.
These graduates will strengthen the rapidly growing Vietnamese middle class.
We want our people to be strong, not only strong intellectually,
but strong physically. So we teach our students Vietnamese Kung Fu at the university.
All students practice Vovinam Viet Vo Dao, the national martial art. With these lessons, FPT is implementing the party's doctrine.
The party wants a disciplined people marching in unison, spurred on by the capitalist boom,
but under constant surveillance by the army and police.
The country has over 170 political prisoners. One of them is Nguyen Trung Ton, a pastor.
He was sentenced to 12 years in prison for his work in an organization that championed individual freedoms and human rights.
In order to approach his family, we had to evade surveillance by the regime.
We make arrangements via encrypted messages. And meet secretly.
Mrs. Lanh, his wife, agreed to speak openly despite the risks and threats to her family.
When the police picked him up, they read out the indictment. He was accused of attempting to overthrow the people's government,
but my husband is an ordinary citizen who wants his country to develop and its people to be less unhappy.
In 2017, her husband was violently arrested.
Armed men stopped his car and took him away. They stripped him and beat him constantly during a 400 km drive.
They confiscated his phone and stole his money. They beat his naked body with a baton.
They beat him so hard that his knee was dislocated. My husband screamed.
He prayed to God to save him.
After the beating, Nguyen Trung Ton was put on trial. It was a travesty of justice, staged by the authorities.
Although defendants have a right to a lawyer, they rarely have access to the files to prepare their defense.
The trials are short and the sentences extremely harsh.
The pastor was sentenced to 12 years in prison. If he is ever released,
he will have to spend another three years under house arrest.
When I saw him in prison, he had lost a lot of weight. His teeth were broken and he couldn't eat anything.
But the prison did not allow him to see a doctor for treatment. So I sent him a blender so that he could eat something.
Ms. Lanh wanted to talk to us so that the world could see the true face of the regime.
Even though she is aware of the consequences.
Here is a photo of the people who are harassing us. Here they are very close to my daughter.
They monitor us and bully us. They’ve even thrown trash cans into our well to pollute the water.
Such relentless pressure is forcing most regime opponents to flee abroad.
Vietnamese exile held a demonstration in Paris to express their anger... …over a meeting taking place a few meters away,
between Emmanuel Macron and To Lam, who was president at the time.
Michel Tran Duc is a member of Viet Tan, an underground organization in Vietnam.
The movement, which campaigns for democracy, is classified as terrorist by the Vietnamese government.
We’re here to protest against his visit because we believe he should not be received in Paris.
His belongs in court for all the serious human rights violations he’s committed in Vietnam.
This is a music teacher, this is a person who’s helped other political prisoners,
these are people defending expropriated farmers. We’re defending our homeland Vietnam!
Michel is organizing something here that would be unthinkable in Vietnam: open criticism of the regime.
We’re here to represent the voices of all those who are imprisoned, all those who cannot speak out,
all those who do not dare to speak out there. Hello, hello
What is the situation at the moment? Not good.
This activist dared to criticize the economic development. Were you harassed?
I was interrogated four times. Michel calls him from our offices via encrypted channels.
Four times in one month, that's a lot! What did they want from you? They kept asking me the usual questions.
Do I have contact with organizations abroad or with the media?
After several years in prison, this environmental activist is now under house arrest.
He had denounced an environmental disaster, the scandal surrounding the Taiwanese Formosa factory.
Over several months, this steel mill in the center of the country had discharged 300 tons of chemicals into the sea.
Dead fish were found along a 200 km stretch of coastline.
How is the house arrest going? Are you allowed to leave the house? I'm not allowed to leave my community without permission,
otherwise they'll send me back to prison. Is your house being monitored by security forces?
Yes, I believe I’m being watched by plain clothes officers. The local government has installed a camera not far from my house.
The party controls public opinion and prohibits any questioning of its political decisions.
Everyone in this country knows that it’s better to submit.
And that includes TK, the Vietnamese-American businessman, and the other expats he trains with at this exclusive sports club
in Ho Chi Min.
So from here I slide and block?
This muscle-building sport also helps him maintain his fighting spirit. He’s focussing on his next big project:
the construction of an e-sports stadium. To finance it, he has to fight for the approval of wealthy Vietnamese investors.
And tonight, he has the opportunity to do just that. The country's largest conglomerate, Vingroup, is organizing a major event.
One of its subsidiaries manufactures electric cars.
And has launched a new model on the market.
TK is planning a meeting with the heads of Vingroup. To optimize his chances, he’s trying to keep a cool head…
You can’t think about it, you gotta go. You just gotta go.
… with the help of an 8-degree cold ice bath.
When you’ve really got to get centred, connecting your mind, body and soul, to stay zen, or at least try to.
He’s preparing to immerse himself in Vietnamese high society.
It's party time! Are you ready.
It promises to be a great evening. The brand has spared no expense in the launch of its electric car.
Hello, hello,
It’s a handpicked guestlist. Hello
...TK takes to it all like a duck to water.
He has his sights set on this man, one of the Vingroup managing directors. Thank you.
The golden boy will try to sell him his stadium project. I want to talk to you about talking to the group
about my idea for an arena for e-sports you know what I mean? Ah, we're actually building a project called the VIN Arena.
It will be a sports complex, which will also have e-sports. But, where. In Hanoi?
Ocean Park in Hanoi. But we could still talk about putting a bit of money in and you put in some money and we put this all together.
TK's audacity has paid off! With his bicultural dexterity, he's rewriting the social rules in this conservative country.
TK is a very special person, a special individual here in Vietnam. You know, in Vietnam,
for many people you should not talk like close friends immediately at the first meeting. TK, on the other hand, when he comes in,
he puts in his energy, he puts it into the room. What he’s doing is very new.
For people like TK, who can profit from the country's enormous economic development, Vietnam is a paradise.
I'm really excited for the future of Vietnam, about what’s going on here. It’s just the beginning. And then step by step.
There’s only one condition: to never openly criticize the decisions of the Communist Party.
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