2022-04-03

Please Look After Mom - Wikipedia

Please Look After Mom - Wikipedia

Please Look After Mom

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Please Look After Mom
Cover of Please Look After Mom.jpg
English Paperback Reprint Cover
AuthorKyung-sook Shin
Original title엄마를 부탁해
TranslatorChi-young Kim
CountrySouth Korea
LanguageKorean
Genrenovel
PublisherChangbi
Publication date
2008
Published in English
2011
AwardsMan Asian Literary Prize
Please Look After Mom
Hangul
엄마를 부탁해
Revised RomanizationEommareul butakhae
McCune–ReischauerŎmmarŭl put'akhae

Please Look After Mom (Korean: 엄마를 부탁해) is a novel by South Korean author Kyung-sook Shin. It sold a million copies within 10 months of release in 2009 in South Korea, is critically acclaimed internationally and the English translation by Chi-young Kim won the 2011 Man Asian Literary Prize.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The novel has been adapted as a stage play and musical.[8]

As of April 2012, the book has sold two million copies and the publisher has printed a 10,000-copy special edition to commemorate the achievement.[9] The book was also chosen by Oprah to be one of her "18 Books to Watch for in April 2011[10] and by Amazon as one of its "Best Books of the Month: April 2011".[11]

Plot[edit]

When sixty-nine-year-old So-Nyo is separated from her husband among the crowds of the Seoul subway station, her family begins a desperate search to find her. Yet as long-held secrets and private sorrows begin to reveal themselves, they are forced to wonder: how well did they actually know the woman they called Mom? The novel explores the loss, self-recrimination, and in some cases, self-discovery caused by the mother's disappearance. The novel also considers themes related to the self-sacrifice of mothers in general (and in Korea in particular), the relationship between memories of the past and realities of the present, and the chameleonic aspects of identity.[12]

Style[edit]

The style of Please Look After Mom is a bit unusual, as Julie Hunt noted in booklist, "Composed almost entirely in second-person narration, the writing is sharp, biting, and intensely moving."[13]

Characters[edit]

  • Park So-nyo - mother of four children
  • Hyong-chol - So-nyo's oldest son
  • Chi-hon - So-nyo's eldest daughter
  • Yu-bin - Chi-hon's boyfriend
  • Yun Chin Hyong-chol's daughter
  • Yun Kyun - So-nyo's brother in law
  • Hong Tae-hee: a director of an orphanage whom she donated to

Stage play cast[edit]

Reception[edit]

The book was also chosen by Oprah to be one of her "18 Books to Watch for in April 2011[14] and by Amazon as one of its "Best Books of the Month: April 2011".[15]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "South Korean novelist announced as first woman to win Man Asian Literary Prize" Archived 2012-03-22 at the Wayback Machine Man Asian Prize homepage 15 March 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-24
  2. ^ Maslin, Janet (March 30, 2011). "A Mother's Devotion, a Family's Tearful Regrets". The New York Times.
  3. ^ "Kyung-sook Shin". Man Asian Literary Prize. 2012-03-15. Archived from the original on 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2013-12-22.
  4. ^ "Press Release: Kyung-sook Shin's "Please Look After Mom" American Debut Celebration". Koreanculture.org. Retrieved 2013-12-22.
  5. ^ "Please Look After Mom: an Interview With Kyung-sook Shin". Sampsonia Way Magazine. 7 June 2011. Retrieved 2013-12-22.
  6. ^ "Kyung-sook Shin wins Man Asian literary prize". BBC News. 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2013-12-22.
  7. ^ "South Korean woman wins Man Asian Literary Prize". CNN. 16 March 2012. Retrieved 2013-12-22.
  8. ^ "[PREVIEW] Please Look After Mom". HanCinema. 3 February 2010. Retrieved 2013-12-22.
  9. ^ "Please Look After Mom Sells 2 Million Copies" Archived 2012-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Chosun Ilbo. 24 April 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-24
  10. ^ "O Magazine". naver.com. Oprah.com. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  11. ^ "18 Books to Watch for in April 2011". naver.com. Amazon. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  12. ^ "Please Look After Mom Study Guide & Plot Summary". bookrags.com. Bookrags. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  13. ^ "Please Look After Mom Bilingual Set". hanbooks.com. Hanbooks. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  14. ^ "O Magazine". naver.com. Oprah.com. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  15. ^ "18 Books to Watch for in April 2011". naver.com. Amazon. Retrieved 10 December 2013.

External links[edit]

Please Look After Mom by Shin Kyung-sook | Goodreads

Please Look After Mom by Shin Kyung-sook | Goodreads
Please Look After Mom
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Please Look After Mom
by Shin Kyung-sook, Chi-Young Kim (Translator)
 3.86  ·   Rating details ·  32,245 ratings  ·  5,520 reviews
An international sensation and a bestseller that has sold over 1.5 million copies author's Korea, Please Look After Mom is a stunning, deeply moving story of a family's search for their missing mother - and their discovery of the desires, heartaches and secrets they never realized she harbored within.

When sixty-nine year old So-nyo is separated from her husband among the crowds of the Seoul subway station, and vanishes, their children are consumed with loud recriminations, and are awash in sorrow and guilt. As they argue over the "Missing" flyers they are posting throughout the city - how large of a reward to offer, the best way to phrase the text - they realize that none of them have a recent photograph of Mom. Soon a larger question emerges: do they really know the woman they called Mom?

Told by the alternating voices of Mom's daughter, son, her husband and, in the shattering conclusion, by Mom herself, the novel pieces together, Rashomon-style, a life that appears ordinary but is anything but.

This is a mystery of one mother that reveals itself to be the mystery of all our mothers: about her triumphs and disappointments and about who she is on her own terms, separate from who she is to her family. If you have ever been a daughter, a son, a husband or a mother, Please Look After Mom is a revelation - one that will bring tears to your eyes. (less)
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Hardcover, 237 pages
Published April 5th 2011 by Knopf (first published November 5th 2008)
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Richard I got it in digital format via my local public library.
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Cavak I suppose that's one way of looking at it. She was barely coherent though, so I wouldn't say it was as intentional as that.…more
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LISTS WITH THIS BOOK
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Fiction by Korean Authors and/or Containing Korean Characters
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Please Look After Mom by Shin Kyung-sookThe Vegetarian by Han KangHuman Acts by Han KangPachinko by Min Jin Lee82년생 김지영 by Cho Nam-Joo
Korean literature in English (fiction and nonfiction)
262 books — 180 voters


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 Average rating3.86  ·  Rating details ·  32,245 ratings  ·  5,520 reviews

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JV (semi-hiatus)
Aug 10, 2019JV (semi-hiatus) rated it liked it
Shelves: contemporary, 2019, asian-lit
"How far back does one’s memory of someone go? Your memory of Mom?"
An international bestseller, Please Look After Mom is a melancholic read that chronicles the life of a loving, selfless mother marred with sacrifice, poverty, sadness, and loneliness. When sixty-nine-year-old Park So-nyo went missing in Seoul Subway Station, her family's desperate attempt to find her leads them towards questioning their own notion about how well they know "Mom". Told from four different perspectives, each showing the vulnerabilities and conscience of the characters, Kyung-sook provides an insightful look at Korean culture and family dynamics whilst exploring universal themes such as tradition, yearning, familial love, duties and responsibilities, and above all, motherhood. Like memories that ebb and flow, these four narratives take us into a journey down memory lane — unearthing the pieces that was once lost in the past and conjuring them to form an intricate puzzle that reminds us of "Mom", "Dad", or the ones we hold dear in our heart.
"How unfair is it that all she did was sacrifice everything for us, and she wasn’t understood by anyone?"
This book is a sheer reminder to appreciate, look after the ones we truly love, and to never ever take anyone for granted. Sometimes, it's the smallest gesture, the minuscule ones, or even the irrelevant things that bring someone glee, laughter, or even a smile to their faces. It's the little things that count the most. One might think that you know your mother well, but if you dig deeper, you'll realise that your Mum is an individual too with all her perks, quirks, and painful experiences. The narrative is quite an odd one as it is mostly told in the second person, which one might find confusing, distracting or frustrating to follow, well, for me, it was all three! It took me quite a bit of time to get involved with the unusual narrative and the slow-moving plot didn't help. My mind began to wander and the story wasn't gripping enough. It leans quite a bit on the schmaltzy side, so that might put some readers off. However, for those who like reading family dramas with a little bit of mystery, this might be your cup of tea.
"Life is sometimes amazingly fragile, but some lives are frighteningly strong."
(less)
flag179 likes · Like  · 52 comments · see review
Ruthie Jones
Apr 08, 2011Ruthie Jones rated it it was amazing
Shelves: wip-comps, nook-book
Powerful and unforgettable! I actually believe this book has changed me or at least opened my eyes to my own level of participation (and shortcomings) in my relationships.

This amazing story will rip you to shreds and force you to face difficult questions about your own relationships--not just with your mom but with all those people who claim a piece of your life and heart: "Who are these people who love me so much?" "Why do I take their very existence for granted?" "Do any of these people really know me?" These are hard questions, and this short book is a warning to you to ask these questions when you still have a chance to answer them! You might think you have a strong and open relationship with your mom, dad, sister, spouse, etc., but you can always do more. This story makes you realize that you should take the time to know those you love and also allow them to know you!

"All the relationships in the world are two-way, not determined by one side." ~ page 132 (less)
flag164 likes · Like  · 8 comments · see review
Jordan Ferguson
Jun 30, 2011Jordan Ferguson rated it it was ok
This is not the sort of book I read, and I’d be lying if I said the Korean name on the cover didn’t play a part in getting me to crack the spine; I tend to give passes to stories I think are lame when they come from Asian countries, it’s just where my own cultural preferences lie. Even still the story, about a family dealing with the disappearance of their mother in a Seoul subway station, would normally have been a little too ‘old lady book club’ for me. But one detail of the plot, a minor point highlighted on the jacket description, pulled me in: as the family gathers to make missing person flyers to distribute, the missing mother’s children realize they have no recent photos of her. How heartbreaking is that?

So that little detail got me in the door, since so much of my own [never finished] creative work is concerned with our inability to ever really know another person, and whether that deficiency is really a deficiency at all, or instead an impossible standard we’ve all been convinced to aspire to? PLAM deals with these concerns by the shovelful, as the other family members look back on their relationship with their mother/wife, re-examining shared moments under the colored light cast by her absence.

Shin’s big gamble with the book is her narrative technique, primarily telling the story through second-person voice [when your mother disappeared, you stood outside the station and handed out flyers with your brother and his wife]. It’s a risky move, creative writing teachers usually brandish flaming swords to discourage students from using due to the difficulty in maintaining consistency, but Shin keeps it engaging about 75 per cent of the time.

But 75 per cent is not 100 per cent [I rock math!] and unfortunately the book suffers from its shifting perspectives. Similar to Egan’s ‘Visit From the Goon Squad,’ the problem with the shifting voices is if you like one narrator, you might not ever hear them again. This isn’t as much of a deficiency in PLAM as in ‘Goon Squad,’ only because none of the narrators are that exceptional: I probably preferred the writer daughter to the oldest son, but neither of them are exactly vivd or colorful, a fact I might attribute to the somewhat flat prose of Asian authors when translated to English.

PLAM isn’t a bad book, by any means, but I think it might have more to say about the mother/daughter relationship than the mother/son. Ultimately, it’s a book about the moment when children start to see their parents as individuals, something other than ‘Mom’ or ‘Dad.’ It’s a story worth telling, but I think it would have resonated better with me in a story written by an native English speaker. There were many times, moments related to Korean holidays or family memorial altars, where the significance just whooshed past my head, and despite it’s book club-friendly subject matter, I can see it being a hard sell to those members of my clientele. The prose lacks the florid prose that typically fills such books. And that’s a shame, since I think there’s a lot that crowd could get out of it, but they’re a stubborn bunch in my experience.

All in all, the book’s a fine introduction to a new voice from a place we don’t hear very much from in North America, and the push the book seems to be getting would suggest Kyung-Sook Shin is an author we’ll be hearing from for a few more books yet. (less)
flag76 likes · Like  · 16 comments · see review
Elaine
Feb 19, 2012Elaine rated it it was ok
Shelves: 2012
Wow, that was bizarre and bad. What starts out as an interesting family novel turns into an extended hagiography of "Mom", a woman so amazingly selfless and nurturing that puppies, ducklings, fields and orphans spring into worshipful life around her -- only her callous children and faithless husband don't see the value of this woman, who secretly feeds the poor, delivers the baby of a man who stole from her, sleeps in the cold, and donates her old-age mite to orphans. She is so selfless that -- despite being plagued (literally) by a host of illnesses from mysterious stomach trouble to cancer to (apparently) Alzheimer's -- she never even agrees to take medicine or go to the hospital. She is Super-Mom, the epitome of "never mind, I'll just sit in the dark", and so annoyingly perfect and cloyingly abject that if she were your Mom, you'd be speaking as sharply to her as her children and husband do. But never fear, in Shin's world, these children will rue for eternity those sharp words. Even the perfect 2nd daughter is racked by endless guilt and wants to stick her head in a dirt hole b/c she failed to plant a persimmon tree in the spot that Mom told her to (really).

Speaking of the 2nd daughter, one of the most gratingly retrograde and black/white aspects of this book is that the only person in the family who is kind to Mom (so kind she buys her a mink coat with her first paycheck!) is the 2nd daughter, a stay-at-home Mom to 3 children, so selfless in her own right that she wears mis-matched socks and collapses in motherly exhaustion. This book does not deal in nuance! By contrast, the careerist, not-married, older daughter is -- you guessed it -- mean to Mom, and Dad!, drinks too much, and therefore is to blame for most things in the world.

A final complaint -- and in a book so thematically irksome, this is really trivia -- the family structure and timeline do not hold together. There are supposedly 5 children, but the two younger sons are almost invisible and the repeated depictions of family life when the protganists are children never involve the younger children. The eldest son is said to be over 50, yet the eldest daughter (the middle child of the 5) is said to be in her thirties -- this could work, except that they are repeatedly described as being young children together. Similarly, the elder and younger daughter are apparently close in age, but the childhood scenes never involve any interaction between the sisters. When the three oldest have moved to Seoul, Mom is described as having nothing to live for back in the countryside, which is odd as presumably she had two young children back at home. This just seems sloppy in the extreme.

So why two stars and not just one? Well, I did enjoy learning a bit about life in the Korean countryside. Especially the loving descriptions of meals -- I always enjoy those. (less)
flag69 likes · Like  · 32 comments · see review
Henk
Mar 25, 2021Henk rated it liked it  ·  review of another edition
Bit sweet and repetitive but an interesting dive into post-war Korean society and the heavy burden placed on women
’I don't like or dislike the kitchen. I cooked because I had to. I had to stay in the kitchen so you could all eat and go to school. How could you only do what you like? There are things you have to do whether you like it or not.' Mom's expression asked, What kind of question is that? And then she murmured, 'If you only do what you like, who's going to do what you don't like?”

The abject poverty and harsh life after the war and under the military junta (with a curfew just mentioned in an offhand manner) is the core subject of this book. The mother is lost in Seoul station and the children and her husband reflect on how little they actually know who Mom actually is. She is the core of the family, taking care of everyone in a selfless manner. An ironclad work ethic and zealous devotion to the education of her children reminded me of my own (grand)parents and the you perspective adds to the recognition one feels while reading.

Food, with shortages as root cause, takes a prominent role as well. Sometimes I felt the saintliness of mom was being taken a bit too far, and the regret of the ones around her a bit sweet and overtly convenient. But how well do we in general know our loved ones and how much time do we really spend on those who we tend to take for granted?

Chapter 4 starts of very confusing in my opinion
Who is the narrator and who is the you?
And the epilogue is rather unnecessary to drive the already clear message of the book home. Still an interesting enough read to gain a better understanding of the harsh post-war conditions in Korea. (less)
flag61 likes · Like  · 4 comments · see review
Ahmad Sharabiani
Jan 03, 2020Ahmad Sharabiani rated it really liked it
Shelves: literature, korean, adult, novels, asia, fiction, 21th-century
Please Look After Mom, Shin Kyung-sook
When sixty-nine-year-old So-Nyo is separated from her husband among the crowds of the Seoul subway station, her family begins a desperate search to find her. Yet as long-held secrets and private sorrows begin to reveal themselves, they are forced to wonder: how well did they actually know the woman they called Mom? The novel explores the loss, self-recrimination, and in some cases, self-discovery caused by the mother's disappearance. The novel also considers themes related to the self-sacrifice of mothers in general (and in Korean in particular), the relationship between memories of the past and realities of the present, and the chameleonic aspects of identity.

عنوانها: ‏‫مادر‮‬م را به تو می‌سپارم؛ لطفا مراقب مامان باشین؛ نویسنده: شین‌کیونگ سوک؛ تاریخ نخستین خوانش: روز چهارم ماه ژانویه سال 2014 میلادی

عنوان: ‏‫مادر‮‬م را به تو می‌سپارم؛ نویسنده: شین‌کیونگ سوک؛ مترجم: علی‌اکبر قاضی‌زاده؛ تهران: کتابسرای تندیس؛ 1392؛ در 246 ص؛ شابک: 9786001820908؛ موضوع: داستانهای نویسندگان کره جنوبی - سده 21 م

عنوان: لطفا مراقب مامان باشین؛ نویسنده: شین کیونگ سوک (کیونگ سوک‌شین)؛ مترجم: مهدی سجودی‌مقدم؛ تهران: مهر اندیش‏‫‬، 1397؛ در 293 ص؛ شابک: 9786006395371؛

هنگامیکه سو-نیو شصت و نه ساله در ایستگاه متروی سئول از همسرش جدا شد؛ خانواده ی وی جستجوی ناامیدانه ای را برای یافتن او آغاز کردند؛ و...؛ نقل از متن لطفا مراقب مامان باشین: (1 - هیچکس نمیداند: یک هفته است که مامان گم شده. خانواده جمع شده اند در خانه ی برادر بزرگ ترت، هیونگ ـ چول، نظراتشان را روی هم میریزند. تصمیم میگیرند آگهی درست کنند و در آخرین جاهایی که مادر رفته، پخش کنند. اولین چیزی که باید انجام داد، هر کسی هم در آن اتفاق نظر دارد، این است که متن آگهی تهیه شود. البته آگهی یک اقدام مرسومِ قدیمی در گرفتاریهایی از این دست است. اما معمولاً خانواده یک شخص گم شده اقدامات کمی را میتوانند انجام بدهند؛ حتی وقتی شخص گم شده کسی نباشد جز مادرتان. همه ی کاری که میتوانید انجام دهید این است که گم شدنش را گزارش کنید، منطقه را بگردید، و از رهگذرها بپرسید که آیا کسی را شبیه او دیده اند یا نه. برادر کوچک ترت، که یک لباس فروشیِ آنلاین دارد، میگوید که چیزهایی درباره گم شدن مادر در نِت پُست کرده، شرح داده که کجا گم شده؛ عکسش را گذاشته و از مردم خواسته اگر کسی او را دیده، با خانواده تماس بگیرد. تو میخواهی جاهایی را که حدس میزنی رفته باشد، دنبالش بگردی، اما تو که میدانی او چطور است: تنهایی نمیتواند در این شهر جایی برود. هیونگ ـ چول نوشتن آگهی را به عهده تو میگذارد، چون که تو کارت نوشتن است. شرمنده میشوی، انگار داری کاری را انجام میدهی که از عهده اش برنمیآیی. مطمئن نیستی که نوشته ات چقدر میتواند در پیدا کردن مادر موثر باشد. وقتی تاریخ تولد مامان را مینویسی 24 ژوئیه، 1938، پدرت آن را تصحیح میکند، میگوید که او در 1936 دنیا آمده. ثبت رسمی میگوید که در 1938 متولد شده، اما ظاهراً در 1936 متولد شده. اولین بار است که چنین چیزی را میشنوی. پدرت میگوید آن وقتها همه اینکار را میکردند. چرا که خیلی از بچه ها بیشتر از همان سه ماهه اول تولدشان دوام نمیآوردند، مردم تا زمانی که ثبت رسمی شوند، چند سالی همانطور سر میکردند. بعد وقتی میخواستی ازنو به جای «38» بنویسی «36»، هیونگ ـ چول میگوید که باید بنویسی 1938، چون که تاریخ رسمی همان است. تو فکر نمیکنی وقتی داری فقط یک آگهی خانگی درست میکنی، چنین دقتی ضروری باشد و مثل آن نیست که در یک اداره دولتی باشی. اما از سرِ حرف شنوی مینویسی «38»، درحالیکه هنوز تردید داری 24 ژوئیه هم حتی تاریخ تولد واقعی باشد. چند سال پیش مادر گفت: «ما مجبور نیستیم تولدم رو جداگانه جشن بگیریم.» تولد بابا یک ماه قبل از تولد مامان است. تو و خواهر برادرهایت معمولاً برای تولدها و مراسم دیگر میرفتید به خانه پدر و مادرتان در چونگاپ. در مجموع اعضای درجه اول خانواده بیست ودو نفر میشدید. مامان این را دوست داشت وقتی که همه بچه ها و نوه ها جمع میشند و توی خانه سروصدا راه میانداختند. از چند روز قبل که بچه ها برسند، مامان باید کیمچیِ تازه درست میکرد، میرفت فروشگاه تا گوشت گوساله بخرد، و مسواک و خمیردندان اضافه ذخیره کند. روغن کنجد و دانه های بوداده و خام کنجد و پریلا را توی هم میریخت، و به این ترتیب میتوانست به هرکدام از بچه ها، موقع رفتن، یک کوزه از آن بدهد. درحالی که منتظر بود تا خانواده برسند، به وضوح در جنب و جوش بود، وقتی با همسایه ها و آشنایان حرف میزد، حرفها و رفتارهایش غرور و مباهاتش را آشکار میکرد. مامان بطری هایی در اندازه های مختلف را به فصلش از آب آلو یا توت فرنگی وحشی پر میکرد و در انبار نگه میداشت. کوزه های مامان که خیال داشت بفرستد برای فامیل در شهر، تا لبِ لب پر بودند از ماهی شوریده قرمه شده کوچک یا پوره ماهی کولی یا گوشت صدفِ قرمه شده. وقتی شنید که پیاز برای سلامتی آدم خوب است، آب پیاز هم میگرفت، و قبل از رسیدن زمستان هم آب کدوتنبل را با شیرین بیان دم میکرد. خانه مادرت مثل یک کارخانه بود؛ انواع سسها و پوره ی حبوبات و سبوس برنج را درست میکرد، و مصرف یک سال خانواده را تدارک میدید. از آنجاییکه بچه ها به ندرت میرفتند به چونگاپ، این مامان و بابا بودند که میآمدند به سئول. و تولد هرکدامشان را با شام در بیرون جشن میگرفتید. البته مامان میگفت: «جشن تولد منو با جشن تولد پدرتون بگیرید.» میگفت از آنجایی که تولد هردوی آنها توی تابستان داغ است، و ضمناً فقط دو روز بعدش مراسم آباواجدادی دارند، جشن تولد جداگانه برایشان گرفتن زحمتی برای آنها خواهد بود. اوایل، خانواده از پذیرش چنین چیزی امتناع میکرد، اما موقعیکه با اصرار مامان روبرو شدند، و مامان از آمدن به شهر هم خودداری کرد، چندتایی از شما رفتید خانه اش که با او جشن بگیرید. بعد همگی شروع کردید به اینکه هدیه تولد مامان را در روز تولد بابا به او بدهید. و سرانجام، به طور کامل، روز تولد واقعیِ مامان کنار گذاشته شد. مامان، که خودش دوست داشت برای هرکسی در خانواده جوراب بخرد، توی کمدش یک عالمه جوراب داشت که بچه هایش دیگر نمیبردند و همین طور هم اضافه میشد
نام: پارک سوـ نیو
تاریخ تولد: 24 ژوئیه 1938 - 69 ساله؛
مشخصات ظاهری: کوتاه قد، موهای فردارِ فلفل نمکی، گونه های استخوانیِ برجسته، آخرین بار با پیراهن آبی آسمانی، ژاکت سفید، و دامن پلیسه دار بژ آخرین محلی که دیده شده: ایستگاه متروی سئول)؛ پایان نقل از متن. ا. شربیانی (less)
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Monica Kim: musings of monica 
Jan 31, 2019Monica Kim: musings of monica rated it really liked it
Shelves: 2019
**spoiler towards the end!
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I have so many dreams of my own, and I remember things from my childhood, from when I was a girl and a young woman, and I haven't forgotten a thing. So why did we think of Mom as a mom from the very beginning? She didn't have the opportunity to pursue her dreams, and all by herself, faced everything the era dealt her, poverty and sadness, and she couldn't do anything about her very bad lot in life other than suffer through it and get beyond it and live her life to th ...more
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Karen Ng
Mar 28, 2011Karen Ng rated it it was amazing  ·  review of another edition
Shelves: powerful-narrative-poignant, aging, asia, translated, korea-korean-literature
Wow....wait, I need to capitalize this: WOW...This story took me through an emotional roller coaster that reminded me of all my personal shortcomings in the relationship department with my own family and my Mom. The last time I was this wrecked was when my father passed away of cancer 2 years ago.

The story begins when the 70-year old mother of a family disappears from a Seoul train station. The family, 5 grown children and her husband, is desperate to find her and yet, on the other hand, are blaming themselves and each other for not spending more time or paying more attention to her. The book is divided into 4 major sections with 4 narrative voices: the oldest daughter, the oldest son, the husband and the mom herself, with a shorter epilogue again narrated by the oldest daughter. A second person narration is heavily used in the book..in all except for the personal narration of Mom. It takes a little getting used to but then ultimately one would start to identify with the voice:

"You were the one who always hung up first. You would say, "Mom, I'll call you back," and then you didn't. You didn't have time to sit and listen to everything your Mom had to say..."

"Mom was the kitchen and the kitchen was Mom. You never wondered, did Mom like being in the kitchen?"

As the story unfolds with each person's narration, we understand a little more about Mom, her love for all, her everyday life, her relationship with each of her children, her relationship with her husband and her husband's demanding older sister. We come to know that her children and her husband know very little of her, except that she was always there for them, taking care of them. When Mom's voice starts narrating at the end, we get the complete picture, almost...

It's no coincidence that the Korean word for "death" is a homonym for the number 4 (same in Chinese). This is a very sad story to read, yet I can't stop reading, especially toward the end. The translation is great, leaving Shin's original writing style unchanged. I would highly recommend this book to anyone who loves his/her Mom. (less)
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Jill
Mar 21, 2011Jill rated it it was amazing
Shelves: asian-literature, best-of-2011
Those who have traveled in Southeast Asia – and Korea in particular -- will know right away that the number 4 (pinyin sì) is considered unlucky because it sounds like “death” (pinyin sǐ). Why, then, did Korean author Kyung-sook Shin carefully craft a novel from four different viewpoints?

The answer is that the members of this family are unlucky, or at the very least, careless. Through years as a family, none of them ever really knew Mom or understood the sources of her strength. And now she has d ...more
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Helly
Aug 11, 2018Helly rated it it was amazing
Well, the first thing I did after reading this book is ask my parents to go and get their full body medical checkup. It is quite terrible how we tend to neglect the people who invest their life and money on us and by the time the realisation Dawns upon us, it is too late.

Shin's novel speaks to the reader from the second person narrative, reminding her/him how all of us are in the same place and still have a chance to rectify our mistakes while there is time.

Highly urge you to read this and make sure you take care of your parents. (less)
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Zainab
Mar 05, 2022Zainab rated it it was amazing
Namjoon doing the Lord's work by recommending good books (less)
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Clare Cannon
Jul 14, 2011Clare Cannon rated it really liked it  ·  review of another edition
Shelves: adults

A beautiful story about the small but heroic sacrifices made by a Korean mother for her family, and the lack of recognition her family gave her until the day she goes missing on the city subway.

The second person narratives - while a little disconcerting at times - allow each of her children, her husband, and finally the mother herself to share their own experience of her disappearance, and the memories it recalls about their lives before.

The mood is sombre, reflective, and would be heavy if not for the bitter-sweet discoveries each one makes of their deeper love for their mother, and their renewed desires to be better people to live up to her generosity and self-giving. Sadder moments are lifted up by others that are more profound, making the overall story a worthwhile read. www.GoodReadingGuide.com (less)
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April (Aprilius Maximus)
Jan 23, 2019April (Aprilius Maximus) added it  ·  review of another edition
Shelves: dnf
DNF at 50% - Honestly just couldn't get into it :( (less)
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saïd
Jan 31, 2022saïd rated it liked it  ·  review of another edition
Shelves: 1_fiction, hangeul
In my review of the translation I said that the mother character felt too perfect, unrealistically so... but maybe that was the point? Well, having now read the original novel in Korean, I can comfortably say that it was indeed the point. This novel is blatant guilt-tripping and I honestly kind of love it. "Defiant" probably isn't the first adjective most people would think of if asked to describe this novel, but it really sort of is. It's taking the stereotypical mother figure—endlessly selfless, caring, nuturing, supportive—and snatching her away, forcing the (Korean) reader to notice how integral to daily life women's "invisible" work really is. Shin Kyungsook is unrepentantly manipulating her audience and, honestly, I'm into that. (less)
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Emma
Apr 06, 2021Emma rated it really liked it
4.25/5 Stars

Such a heart-wrenching and eye-opening book!

Please Look After Mom is a beautiful novel which explores the hidden world of the mother figures in our lives. So-nyo gets lost at Seoul central station and so her husband and her adult children start looking for her all around the city in order to bring her back home. What they are not prepared for is the realization that spins their world off its axis: their mother, the woman who raised and cared for all of them, is a person and as such she has secrets, passions, and fears like everyone else.
The point of view changes throughout the story and so we get different glimpses and perspectives about So-nyo and the people who know her.

I believe this is a novel that hits differently depending on what stage of life you find yourself in. I'm no mother, but since I am someone's daughter this book still spoke to me. This feels like a book that keeps on giving and I'm definitely curious to pick it up again in the future and to have the chance to see things from another perspective. (less)
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Mizuki
May 12, 2013Mizuki rated it it was ok
I really, really don't like this book.

Although I don't mean to say it's a badly written book, it isn't. But I dislike how the author sets up this Mother character as some sort of 'ideal mother'---she is tireless, selfless, all-giving, she puts her family above her own self, she never complained even when FOR YEARS no one appreciated her sacrifice, her whole life is nothing but taking care of her husband and her family.

Over and over and over I was told how GREAT this mother is, how everyone came to realize how important she is after she disappeared from the train station.

The more I read the book, the more I felt like this book serves as a 'guilt trap', the author created the most flawless, selfless mother and pushed her before us, so that we are obligated to feel sorry for her.

I hate being guilt-trapped into feeling sorry for anyone, I hate it a great deal.

But what disappointed me the most is, the author never challenged the belief that an 'ideal' mother should be selfless, giving, tireless and thinks nothing but caring for her husband and children. She never questions this kind of 'Mother=Madonna=Long-Suffering-Martyr' stereotype. In the book, the mother is being described as having no desire of her own, she has nothing outside of her family. She is just someone else's wife, someone else's mother, NOTHING MORE; and this problematic fact is not challenged or even being put into question. That pisses me off so badly. (less)
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Syndi
May 06, 2019Syndi rated it liked it  ·  review of another edition
This is a very depressing read. When the mother went missing, none that closed to her, her family, knows basic information about her. Birth date, picture, what the mother likes, her habit. And what most important her loneliness inside her heart. The children taking her for granted, husband who is too timid to express his love and devotion.

I don not like the writing. Its too much description that I found annoying.
Well I never think I would say this when I finish reading it: I am glad I finish this book.

3 stars (less)
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Lisa (Remarkablylisa)
Jul 03, 2020Lisa (Remarkablylisa) rated it really liked it
Shelves: july-2020, asian-books
I really enjoyed reading all the different perspectives of this book and seeing how the one person in the family that gave up so much to take care of everyone. It's really good for immigrant children to learn perspectives and feelings of others. (less)
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Aldrin
May 03, 2011Aldrin rated it really liked it  ·  review of another edition
Oskar Schell, the lead character in Jonathan Safran Foer's 2005 novel, Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close, uses a rather quaint metaphor to describe something that makes him feel sad: "heavy boots," as in, "I desperately wish I had my tambourine with me now, because even after everything I'm still wearing heavy boots, and sometimes it helps to play a good beat," "It gave me heavy boots that she had nightmares, because I didn't know what she was dreaming about and there was nothing I could do to help her," and "I got incredibly heavy boots about how relatively insignificant life is, and how compared to the universe and compared to time, it didn't matter if I existed at all." If Oskar were to read Please Look After Mom, the English language debut by South Korean author Kyung-sook Shin, with all its sentences weighed down by multiple characters' if-onlys and should-haves, he would no doubt have pairs and pairs of heavy boots to last him a season or two.

Incidentally, what frequently supports Please Look After Mom's penchant for supplying its reader with Safran Foeresque leaden ankle-high shoes is a different sort of footwear: blue plastic sandals, as in, "[M]om was wearing blue plastic sandals, one of which was cutting into her foot near her big toe, and a piece of flesh has fallen off, creating a groove, perhaps because she'd walked so far." After being left behind on a subway platform in Seoul, the missing title character has since been seen by people in various places, walking seemingly aimlessly in her injurious slippers.

The curious thing about the blue plastic sandals is that they weren't the articles covering Mom's feet when she went missing. They were, however, the shoes she was in years ago when she traveled from the countryside to the city in the middle of winter to personally deliver an urgent requirement for her son's law school application. It was just one of Mom's countless acts of selflessness, just one of the many remembrances her husband and children realize too late now that they can only wait and look for Mom, lost, possibly gone.

Please Look After Mom is at once a portrait of motherhood and a diorama of nuclear family dynamics certainly not exclusive to Korean culture. This combined picture is assembled from the distinct perspectives of daughter, son, husband, and Mom. Mom's disappearance opens a floodgate of memories about the absent matriarch, and these recollections and belated observations are all too often coupled with the most piercing of regrets.

The elder of two daughters, an accomplished novelist, regrets her mostly arctic disposition towards her mother. The eldest son, a successful real estate agent, regrets falling short in his promise to his mother to be a successful prosecutor. The husband and father regrets all but ignoring his wife and mother to his five children. The mother herself, in the novel's devastating, if muddled, conclusion, owns up to her own shortcomings, not the least of which are her being illiterate and her hidden relationship with another man. Wading through their grandly sentimental confessionals, rendered in shifting narrative vantage points and voices presumably to underscore each of the central characters' image of a steadfast, affectionate, and long-suffering woman, can be painful or cloying or both.

It can also be eye-opening. The book's epigraph is appropriately a dictum from a Franz Liszt nocturne: "O love, so long as you can love." And one of its less teary lines is an affirmation: "Life is sometimes amazingly fragile, but some lives are frighteningly strong." It can be enlightening, and it can lead one to think even better of that singular person who can make one's heavy boots lighter.

—
Originally posted on Fully Booked .Me.

"군인이 시어머니, 며느리, 딸을 동시에 성폭행"

"군인이 시어머니, 며느리, 딸을 동시에 성폭행"


"군인이 시어머니, 며느리, 딸을 동시에 성폭행"

[한국전쟁, 민간인 학살의 기록] 전라남도 함평 ④
정찬대 <커버리지> 기자 |
 기사입력 2015.12.03

공포의 5중대, 그리고 권준옥 대위

해보면 소재지에 중대본부를 꾸린 국군 제11사단 20연대 2대대 5중대는 불갑산 토벌 작전을 위해 함평 지역 소개 작전을 진행했다. 명령 계통은 최덕신 준장(11사단장), 박기병 대령(20연대장), 유갑열 소령(2대대장), 권준옥 대위(5중대장)였다. 특히, 권 대위는 함평 지역 민간인 집단 총살 사건을 직접 명령한 장본인이기도 하다.

월야지서 토벌 중대장이었던 오정인 씨는 2006년 12월 '진실·화해를 위한 과거사 정리위원회'(진실화해위) 조사에서 "권준옥 대위가 중대 작전 회의에서 대대에서 내려온 공문을 보며 '공산주의자라고 의심되는 사람은 무조건 50명씩 죽이라'고 명령했다"고 진술한 바 있다. 5중대는 죄 없는 민간인을 학살한 뒤 농기구 등을 노획 무기의 전과로 보고하기도 했다.


월야면 정산리 장교 마을 강영주(당시 27세·현재 작고) 씨가 팔에 관통상을 입은 채 불구가 됐고, 강 씨 등에 업힌 두 살배기 아들 안종필 군은 엉덩이에 네 발의 총탄을 맞고 극적으로 살아났다. 강 씨의 맏이 종탁(당시 7세) 군을 포함해 22명은 현장에서 목숨을 잃었다. 장교뿐 아니라 동촌, 죽림 마을(계림리)까지 포함하면 이날 첫 학살지에서만 150여 명가량이 숨졌다. 그리고 이튿날 남산뫼 학살로 200명 이상이 억울한 죽임을 당했다.


▲ 한국전쟁 당시 함평 지역 소개 작전을 벌인 5중대의 중대본부 막사가 있던 문장꽃무릇시장 입구. 오랜 시간이 지난 뒤 현재는 2층 건물이 들어서 있다. ⓒ커버리지(정찬대)

▲ 함평에서 만난 안종필(67·월야면 예덕리) 씨는 어머니 등에 업힌 채 4발의 총상을 입고 기적처럼 살아났다. 당시 어머니는 팔에 관통상을 입었고, 형은 그 자리에서 숨졌다. ⓒ커버리지(정찬대)




이밖에도 월야면 외치리에선 세대별로 줄을 세운 뒤 장남만 골라 총살시켰으며, 해보면 상곡리(모평 마을)와 쌍곡리(쌍구룡) 등지에서도 무차별적인 학살이 이뤄졌다. 여기에 1951년 2월 20일(음력 1월15일) 불갑산 토벌을 위한 '대보름 작전'이 전개되면서 수백 명의 민간인이 빨치산으로 분류돼 한스런 죽음을 맞이했다.


이에 앞선 12월 2일, 5중대는 월야면 계림리 시목 마을 앞 한새들녘에서 장성방면 길을 확보하던 중 마을 뒷산에 매복한 빨치산과 전투(한새들전투)를 벌이다 하사 김영광과 일병 김추길을 잃는다. 실제 이들의 호적 사망 기록을 보면 '서기 1950년 12월2일 오전 함평 전투 지구에서 전사'라고 표기돼 있다.


국군과 빨치산 간의 유격전은 3일과 4일에도 이뤄진다. 3일은 전사자 수습 과정에서, 4일은 전사한 병사들의 시체를 반군이 난도질한데 대한 보복 차원에서다. 그리고 5일 해보초등학교(해보면 금덕리)에서 전사자를 화장한 권 대위는 중대원들 앞에서 "너희들의 죽음을 헛되지 않도록 하겠다"고 다짐한다.


붉게 달아오른 장작더미가 흰 연기를 내뿜으며 장사(葬事)를 지내는 동안 멀리 월악산에서 게릴라전 승리를 자축이나 하는 듯 허공에 쏴대는 총성과 풍악소리가 요란했다.



그리고 화장 다음 날인 6일부터 이듬해 1월 23일까지 40여 일간 5중대에 의한 본격적인 '인간 사냥'이 시작되는 것이다. 권 대위가 연대 병기장교로 방출되고, 이영오 중위가 신임 중대장으로 부임한 이후까지다. 특히, 불갑산 인근 동삼면(월야·해보·나산면)이 큰 피해를 봤다.


▲ 1950년 12월 2일 계림리 시목 마을에서 국군과 빨치산 간 유격전(한새들전투)으로 2명의 국군이 목숨을 잃었다. 실제 이들의 호적사망 기록을 보면 '함평 전투 지구에서 사망'한 것으로 표기돼 있다. ⓒ커버리지(정찬대)

 
권 대위의 만행은 학살에만 그치지 않았다. 부녀자를 강간하고 겁탈하는 등 반윤리적 행태도 빈번하게 이뤄졌다. 군인들은 순찰 중 젊은 여자가 지나가면 가만 두지 않았고, 가정집을 급습해 부녀자를 강간하고 반항할 경우 그 즉시 사살하기도 했다. 어떤 집은 시어머니와 며느리 그리고 그의 딸이 한꺼번에 몹쓸 짓을 당하기도 했다.

작전 중 외모가 출중한 여자를 만나면 중대본부로 끌고 와 겁탈한 것은 물론 뚜쟁이(중개인)까지 둬가면서 매일 밤 여자를 공급받았다는 얘기도 전해온다.


실제 남산뫼 학살 당시 젊은 여자나 처녀들은 군인들이 욕보인다는 소문에 급히 머리를 올리거나 이웃집 아기를 안고 나간 경우도 있었다. 또한 남산뫼 현장에서 한 여성을 중대본부로 끌고 가려하자 이를 막아선 그녀의 아버지를 군인들이 총살시켰다는 증언도 있다.



▲함평에서 만난 장종석(69세) 씨는 해보면 모평마을(일명 모평사건)에서 발목에 총상을 입고 평생 거동이 불편하게 지내왔다. 당시 4살이었던 장 씨는 논바닥을 울면서 기어갔고, 외할머니가 그런 장 씨를 붙들기 위해 다가오다 변을 당했다. 7살 외삼촌도 그 자리에서 목숨을 잃었다. ⓒ커버리지(정찬대)월야면 학도연맹 선전부장이던 이녹범 씨는 2006년 12월 진실화해위 조사에서 "박기병 대령(연대장)이 해보 중대본부에 불시에 방문했는데, 권준옥 대위가 중대막사에 젊은 여자와 함께 있다 발각돼 입창 조처를 받은 바 있다"고 말해 이 같은 주장을 뒷받침하고 있다.






학살의 주동자인 권준옥 대위는 6·25전공으로 충무무공훈장을 받고, 1961년 중령으로 예편했다.

특이한 점은 예편 뒤 그가 권준옥이란 이름을 버리고 권영구로 개명한 사실이다. 양민 학살 피해자들로부터 협박과 위협을 받고 개명했다는 얘기도 있지만, 정확하진 않다.

퇴임 후 낚시 가게를 운영하던 그는 1990년 63세의 나이로 사망한 것으로 전해진다.

산으로 산으로, 처참한 산중 생활

주민들은 군경의 무자비한 총검을 피하고자 불갑산에 모여들었다. 함평, 영광뿐 아니라 인근 장성에서도 수많은 이들이 이곳으로 왔다.

불갑산은 이들에게 유일한 도피처였던 셈이다. 몇몇 생존자들은 불갑산 대보름작전이 있기 전까지 대략 6만 명 내외가 산에 모였다고 했다.

산중 생활은 결코 만만치 않았다. 추위와 배고픔에 시달려야 했고, 무엇보다 공포감에 하루하루를 떨어야만 했다. 여기에 일부 증언에 따르면 빨치산의 감시도 있었던 것으로 전해진다.


▲ 1950년 12월 6일 이른 아침, 5중대 군인들은 동촌 마을 주민들을 마을 앞 들머리로 불러내 '앞으로 나란히'를 시켜 줄 세운 뒤 그대로 총살했다. ⓒ커버리지(정찬대)앞서 소개한 장재수 씨는 "대보름작전이 있기 전 대부분의 빨치산 병력은 산을 빠져나갔다"고 했다. 그는 그러나 "빨치산이 주민들을 방패막이로 삼기 위해 마지막까지 산을 못 내려가게 했다"고 전했다.




장 씨는 또 "대보름작전 때 용천사를 사수하기 위한 함호대(소대 규모의 작은 부대)가 불갑산에 남아있었다"며 "다만, 이들은 민간인들 때문에 총도 제대로 못 쏘고 했지만, 군인들은 인정사정없이 포를 쏘고 난리가 아니었다"고 회고했다.


월야면 외치리 정길진(91세) 씨는 짐꾼으로 산에 올랐다가 빨치산에 발목이 잡혀 산중 생활을 하게 됐다.

그는 "빨치산이 보급 투쟁한 뒤 식량을 이고 따라오라고 해 불갑산에 들어갔다가 이들에게 붙잡혀 산을 내려올 수 없었다"고 말했다.

함평에서 만난 정태진(74세) 씨도 "빨치산에 한번 붙들리면 나올 수 없었다. 감시가 워낙 심했다"고 비슷한 증언을 내놓았다.

정태진 씨는 "부락별로 급식을 했는데, 주먹밥 수준으로 식사를 때웠다"며 산중 생활의 어려움을 토해내기도 했다. 그러면서 "짚이나 가마니를 땅에 깔고, 위에는 소가죽이나 거적때기를 씌워 한 겨울을 보냈다"며 "참으로 비참한 생활을 했다"고 당시 기억을 끄집어냈다.


▲ 전남 함평 월야면 동촌 마을에서 바라본 불갑산 모습(사진 가운데). 불갑산은 한국 전쟁 당시 인민유격대 전남총사령부 산하 불갑지구사령부가 들어섰던 곳으로 그만큼 민간인들의 피해 또한 컸다. ⓒ커버리지(정찬대)
어렵게 산을 빠져나온 이들도 무사하진 못했다. 군경의 보복 학살이 기다리고 있었던 것이다. 각 마을에는 경찰의 밀대(세작)가 주민들 사이에 숨어있었다. 이들은 마을 동향을 파악한 뒤 입산자나 좌익 분자로 의심되는 사람을 파출소에 신고했다.




불갑산을 빠져나온 정태진 씨 부친도 1951년 3월 20일(음력 2월 13일) 자수를 위해 마을을 찾았다가 밀대의 신고를 받고 출동한 경찰에 의해 목숨을 잃었다. 정 씨 부자는 대보름작전이 있기 직전 산을 내려와 영광에서 숨어 지냈다. 이후 자수를 하기 위해 고향을 찾았다가 변을 당한 것이다. 다행히 정 씨는 아직 어리다는 이유로 살아남았다.

2022-04-01

“한·일 연구자 40여명 10년 걸려 ‘재일조선인단체 사전’ 냈죠” : 한겨레

“한·일 연구자 40여명 10년 걸려 ‘재일조선인단체 사전’ 냈죠” : 학술 : 문화 : 뉴스 : 한겨레

“한·일 연구자 40여명 10년 걸려 ‘재일조선인단체 사전’ 냈죠”

등록 :2022-03-22 
강성만 기자 사진
강성만 기자

[짬] 민문연 이용창 연구실장


사전 집필에 참여한 조한성(왼쪽부터) 민문연 선임연구원, 이용창 연구실장, 이명숙 선임연구원, 권시용 선임연구원. 강성만 선임기자

“사전 색인 작업만 두 달가량 걸렸어요. 인명이 5400여명, 단체가 2800여개인데요. 앞으로 <친일인명사전> 증보개정판을 내거나, 새로 독립운동가 서훈 신청을 할 때 활용할 수 있을 겁니다.”


민족문제연구소(소장 임헌영·이하 민문연)는 최근 1895년부터 1945년까지 일본에서 발족한 조선인단체 551곳의 연혁과 활동을 담은 <재일조선인단체사전 1895~1945>(공동편찬위원장 히구치 유이치, 미즈노 나오키, 김광열)를 냈다. 2012년에 한국과 일본 연구자들이 함께 편찬 작업에 착수했으니 꼬박 10년이 걸렸다. “국내의 재일조선인 연구자 9분과 일본 연구자 29분이 참여했어요. 일본은 재일조선인 전문 연구자와 함께 지역을 연구하는 분들도 여럿 참여했죠. 사전 내용의 65%는 한·일 연구자들이, 나머지는 민문연 편찬팀 연구원들이 나눠 썼죠.”







<재일조선인단체사전 1895~1945> 표지.민문연 동료 연구원 다섯과 함께 이번 사전 편찬 실무를 이끈 이용창 연구실장의 설명이다. 중앙대 사학과에서 ‘동학천도교단의 민회 설립운동’ 논문으로 박사 학위를 받은 이 실장은 2004년부터 민문연 상근연구원으로 활동해왔다.

지난 21일 서울 용산구 청파로 민문연 사무실에서 이 실장을 만났다.

1200쪽이 넘는 이 사전은 민문연이 창립 이후 네 번째로 펴낸 일제 시기 전문 사전이다. 가장 먼저 <일제협력단체사전-국내 중앙편>(2004년)을 냈고 이어 <친일인명사전>(2009), <일제식민통치기구사전-통감부·조선총독부편>(2017)을 발간했다.

“<친일인명사전>을 낼 때 일본과 중국 쪽 조선인 사회 동향이 궁금했어요. <친일인명사전>은 지금도 객관성이나 치밀함에서 인정을 받고 있지만 상대적으로 해외와 국내 지역 쪽 조사가 미흡했거든요. 1945년 기준으로 일본에만 조선인 2백만 이상이 살았어요. 그 시절 일본에 조선인 조직이 뭐가 있었고 활동은 어땠고, 또 일제는 어떻게 통치했고 여기에 조선인들은 어떻게 대응했는지 조사하고 싶었어요.” 왜 <재일조선인단체사전>을 냈냐는 질문에 이 실장이 내놓은 답이다. 그는 이 사전 편찬이 일본 역사 왜곡에 대한 한·일 시민사회 연대를 위한 공동작업의 의미도 크다고 했다. “2천년대 들어 친일인명사전 편찬위가 본격적으로 활동할 무렵 일본에서도 역사 왜곡 문제가 불거졌어요. 그때 한국과 일본 시민과 지식인들이 공동 대응을 고민하다 함께 사전을 만들면 좋겠다는 생각을 하게 되었죠.”

사전은 유학생 모임이나 친목·상조 단체에서 독립운동이나 친일 성향 조직까지 재일조선인들이 만든 다양한 단체를 망라했다. 1927년 서울에서 창립한 좌우합작 독립운동단체인 신간회 일본 지회만 해도 교토와 나고야, 도쿄, 오사카까지 네 곳을 따로 살폈고 천도교와 불교, 기독교 등 국내 종교 단체와 연결된 조직들도 포함했다. 친일파 박춘금이 1921년 도쿄에서 만든 ‘상애회’와 1937년 중일전쟁 무렵 일본 관 주도로 결성돼 강제동원 노동자를 통제·억압하는 수단으로 활용한 ‘협화회’도 본부와 각 지부를 나눠 살폈다.

상애회 오사카본부 편을 보면 이 지역 방적 공장 조선인 여공 100명이 상애회 추방을 요구하며 15일간 파업을 했다는 내용이 나온다. 방적 공장 자본과 밀착한 일부 상애회원들은 조선인 여공들에게 공포의 대상이었단다. 홋카이도와 효고 현 등 각 지역 협화회 편에는 일본 치안 당국이 조선인을 옥죄는 데 협화회를 활용한 구체적인 방식 등이 담겼다.



민문연 4번째 ‘일제 시기 사전’

일본 연구자 29명 등 집필 참여

재일 조선인단체 551곳 살펴



“사전 색인 인명만 5400여명

친일인명 사전 개정판 내거나

추가 서훈 때 활용 가능할 것”



이 사전 편찬으로 일본 강점기에 관해 새롭게 알게 된 내용이 있는지 묻자 이 실장은 이렇게 답했다. “보통 재일조선인 하면 핍박받은 것만 생각하잖아요. 그런데 이번에 보니 각 분야에서 매우 다양한 조직과 인물들이 존재했더군요. 천도교만 해도 11개 단체나 됩니다. 무정부주의 단체도 여럿이고 여성단체나 소비조합도 있어요. 주거가 힘든 조선인들이 ‘차가인 조합’을 만들어 비슷한 처지의 일본인들과 함께 주거 문제로 투쟁도 했어요.” 이런 말도 했다. “조선인들은 그 시절 일본에서 조선말을 쓰고 조선옷을 입고 조선풍습을 따르며 살았어요. 조선인의 정체성을 지키며 조선인으로 산 거죠.”

사전은 용어나 관점 통일이 중요한데 두 나라 연구자들이 함께해 어려움이 있었을 수도 있겠다고 하자 그는 “일본 연구자들도 사전 편찬 취지에 동의하는 분들이라 사건이나 인물에 대한 시각차는 없었다”고 했다. “사실 가장 치열하게 논의한 대목은 사전 제목입니다. 재일조선인 연구자 중에는 재일조선인 대신 일본에서 재일 한국인과 조선인을 가리키는 말인 ‘자이니치’나 ‘재일코리안’을 쓰자는 분들도 있었죠. 하지만 두 용어가 우리한테는 낯설어 재일조선인이라고 하고 대신 책 표지에 한자로 제목을 병기했죠.”





앞줄 왼쪽에서 시계 방향으로 이용창 민문연 연구실장, 조한성 선임연구원, 권시용 선임연구원, 이명숙 선임연구원. 강성만 선임기자사전은 551개 단체마다 조직의 성격을 보여주는 한 줄 설명을 달았다. 예컨대 1922년 결성된 흑우회는 ‘도쿄에서 결성된 조선인 최초의 아나키스트 사상 단체’라고 되어 있다. 민문연이 친일 단체로 보는 상애회 설명은 ‘내선융화·친일 단체’이다. “일본 집필자 중에는 상애회를 친일 단체가 아니라 내선융화 단체로 봐야 한다는 의견도 있었죠. 일본에 살면서 일본 문화 속에 동화되는 것을 목표로 삼은 단체라는 것이죠. 우리는 상애회가 한국과 일본 정신의 결합을 추구했다는 점에서 친일로 봤고요. 상애회 한 줄 설명에는 이런 의견차가 반영됐죠.”

사전 집필자들은 모두 원고료를 받지 않았단다. “돈이 문제가 아니라 꼭 해야 하는 작업이라는 생각으로 참여하셨죠. 일본 연구자 중에는 수십 꼭지를 쓰신 분도 있어요. 사실 출간이 예상보다 늦어져 필자분들이 책은 나오는 거냐며 걱정하셨어요. 민문연이 출간 약속을 지켜 그분들에게 신뢰를 줄 수 있어 자부심을 느낍니다. 사전이 나오자 일본 필자분들이 너무 좋아하셨어요.”

이 실장은 애초 한국판과 함께 내려고 했던 일본판 출간도 고민하고 있다고 했다. “한국어와 일본어 원고가 들어오는 대로 교차 번역을 했어요. 그런데 한국어를 일본어로 고쳤을 때 용어도 다르고 문맥도 달라져 당장은 일본어판 출간이 힘들겠다는 생각이 들더군요. 좀 더 논의해 결정하려고요.”

마지막으로 개정판을 낸다면 어떤 부분을 보완하고 싶은지 물었다. “이번 사전을 보면 홋카이도 등 지역 협화회 설명도 주로 일본 중앙정부 쪽 자료에 많이 의존하고 있어요. 앞으로 지역 관청이나 언론사 그리고 민간 쪽 자료도 더 찾아 보완하고 싶어요. 문화예술 단체도 보완이 필요한 것 같아요. 연극이나 영화, 문학 관련 조선인 단체들이 많았는데요. 이들이 예술만 한 게 아니라 사상운동과도 연결되어 있어요. 이런 점을 잘 짚어야죠.”

강성만 선임기자 sungman@hani.co.kr

Putin’s philosophers: Who inspired him to invade Ukraine? | Opinions | Al Jazeera

Putin’s philosophers: Who inspired him to invade Ukraine? | Opinions | Al Jazeera



OPINIONOPINION,
Opinions
Putin’s philosophers: Who inspired him to invade Ukraine?

To understand the war in Ukraine, we can turn to the men who likely helped built the Russian President’s geopolitical vision.


Santiago Zabala
Professor of philosophy at Pompeu Fabra University

Claudio Gallo
Former La Stampa foreign desk editor and London correspondent
Published On 30 Mar 202230 Mar 2022

Alexandr Dugin’s Fourth Political Theory, and the book of the same name he published in 2009, inspired many in the contemporary European populist far-right, from Le Pen to Salvini, and undoubtedly inspired Putin, write Gallo and Zabala [Wikimedia commons]


Who would have imagined that news of the pandemic – which is not over – would be replaced with news of a new war in Europe? If we are to go by the shock expressed by so many in the media over Russian President Vladimir Putin’s decision to launch an all-out invasion of Ukraine, the answer is not many.

Actually, there was little reason to be surprised. Just as many scientists and institutions had been warning that a new influenza pandemic was imminent years before COVID-19, many political scientists and journalists, from John Mearsheimer to Pepe Escobar, have long been warning that if NATO continues expanding towards Russia’s borders, a deadly confrontation in Ukraine could be on the cards.

If the world took these warnings seriously, the horrific consequences of both events could have perhaps been limited. But over a month into the conflict, it feels counterproductive to talk about what could have been or discuss the origins of or motivations behind the war. Nevertheless, it is vital to understand why we ended up here because understanding this could be key to resolving it. So who could help us understand?

Before we start naming names, we must understand that Putin’s longer-term motivations for invading Ukraine are much more important for our purposes than the acts and events that eventually led him to give the order for this “special military operation”. While NATO’s continued efforts to encircle Russia, despite many warnings from the Kremlin, appear to be the immediate trigger that led Putin to invade, there were also deeper philosophical and ideological motivations behind this invasion – motivations only certain Russian thinkers can help us understand. Of course, after seeing the devastation the invasion has brought upon the Ukrainian people, none of these motivations can justify Putin’s actions – but they can help us understand the many dimensions of the global geopolitical struggle between Russia and the West, and help us come up with recipes for its resolution.

Vladislav Surkov, or “Putin’s Rasputin” as Soviet-born British journalist Peter Pomerantsev once called him in an article for the London Review of Books, is the thinker most widely cited as the ideological mastermind behind Putin’s politics and thus the Ukraine invasion. A long-term councillor to the Kremlin, Surkov was the main ideologist behind the doctrine of Russian “sovereign democracy” that has been guiding the Kremlin since at least 2006. An authoritarian brand of mild liberalism that gives a lot of control over the economy to the state, Surkov’s sovereign democracy presents itself as an alternative to decadent Western liberalism. A staunch supporter of the “there is no Ukraine” narrative, Surkov is more a political consensus organiser than a philosopher, but he is undoubtedly someone who played a primary role in the development of the ideological and philosophical framework that paved the way for Putin’s invasion.

In the eyes of many of Putin’s critics, however, it is the ideas of Ivan Ilyin not Surkov, that guides the Kremlin’s geopolitical ambitions and that paved the way for the invasion. The philosopher, who died in exile in Switzerland in 1954, was the main ideologue of the Russian anti-communist White Movement whose devotees emigrated out of Russia in the wake of the Bolshevik revolution. Ilyin opposed Bolshevism and advocated for a form of Christian authoritarianism similar to that of the Francisco Franco regime in Spain. Echoing renowned Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky, Ilyin believed Russia had a duty to preserve its traditional autocracy and resist Western liberalism.

Over the years, Putin showed his admiration for Ilyin in several ways. In 2004, he facilitated the philosopher’s posthumous repatriation by ordering his remains to be moved from Switzerland to the Donskoy Monastery in Moscow. In 2014, he recommended his regional governors read Ilyin’s book, Our Side, alongside Justification of the Good by Vladimir Solovyov and Philosophy of Inequality by Nicholas Berdyaev. The thing that tied together these three authors, who all had very different visions for the future of Russia, was their adherence to the “Russian Idea” – a set of concepts expressing the historical uniqueness, special vocation and global purpose of the Russian people and, by extension, of the Russian state. And this is no coincidence – if you read through the speeches Putin gave over the years that included quotes from Ilyin, you will see that the Russian President’s interest in the philosopher had always been tied to the “Russian Idea”.

While it is clear that both Surkov and Ilyin influenced Putin in different ways over the years, neither thinker can be credited with building the ideological foundations of the Kremlin’s current geopolitical stance and ambitions alone.

So is there a figure who in their thought marries Putin’s authoritarian ideological vision with a philosophy that puts Russia at the centre of the historical stage, and can be seen as the architect of a world vision that required the invasion of Ukraine to materialise?

There certainly is, and his name is Alexandr Dugin.

Dugin, who was born in Moscow in 1962, is not only a philosopher, political analyst and strategist but also one of the leading organisers of the ultra-nationalist National Bolshevik Front and the Eurasia Party. These political organisations combine Neo-paganism, Slavic Nativism, and Eastern Orthodox traditions under Dugin’s “Fourth Political Theory”, which integrates elements of liberal democracy, Marxism, and fascism in a new ideology designed to counter liberalism and its individualist denial of mysticism and traditions. “We are all,” he once wrote, “against liberal postmodernity.”

Dugin’s Fourth Political Theory, and the book of the same name he published in 2009, has inspired many in the contemporary European populist far-right, from Marine Le Pen in France to Matteo Salvini in Italy, and undoubtedly inspired Putin. Nevertheless, the work by Dugin that inspired the Russian president the most, and perhaps guided his decision to invade Ukraine was his earlier book, Foundations of Geopolitics.



Soon after its publication in 1997, the book, which outlined how Russia could reassert itself on the international stage after the collapse of the Soviet Union, became mandatory reading in Russian military universities.

In the book, Dugin argues that to return to its former might, Russia must ensure that “Atlanticism” – the liberalism, free markets and democracy representing North America and Western Europe – loses its influence over “Eurasia” – the territories once governed by the Soviet Union, which needs to stand for hierarchy, tradition and a strict legal structure.

What is most intriguing is perhaps how Dugin suggests Russia should push Atlanticism out of Eurasia and regain its global influence. He argues that to achieve this goal Russia must “destabilise internal political processes in the US”, encourage Britain’s exit from the European Union and begin the annexation of Ukraine.

Whether Dugin’s theories literally inspired Putin to interfere – if he interfered at all – in the US presidential election and the Brexit referendum in 2016, or encouraged him to invade Ukraine in February, is impossible to ascertain. Nevertheless, it is hard to deny the Russian state’s actions in the past few years have been in line with Dugin’s philosophy, ideology and geopolitical vision for building a Great Russia.

It is stunning how similar Dugin’s – and perhaps Putin’s – view of a world spatially divided between different cultures is to the one portrayed by Samuel Huntington in the Clash of Civilizations (1996). The difference is that the American social scientist bet on Islamic civilisation becoming the main challenger to the West. Dugin, however, is betting on a new world order in which Russia is the one countering Western civilisation as the leading Eurasian power.

While NATO’s expansion certainly played a role in provoking Moscow to embark on an all-out invasion of Ukraine, it was likely the aforementioned philosophers who put the Kremlin on a path that runs contrary to the predictions Francis Fukuyama made in The End of History (1992).

We will see in the following months what will come out of the dangerous vision of Putin’s philosophers. A peaceful solution to the conflict between the West and Russia, however, is becoming more elusive with every passing day as the conflict in Ukraine further radicalises both sides. Indeed, there is little indication that either party is willing to enter into good faith negotiations.

It seems as if it was only yesterday that The New York Times’s Thomas Friedman was celebrating the wonders of globalism in his book, The World is Flat.

Today, however, the bitter judgement Canadian historian Quinn Slobodian made in his 2018 book, Globalists: The End of Empire and the Birth of Neoliberalism, rings truer than all else: “The legitimacy crises that have plagued the WTO since its creation suggest that ordoglobalism as a distinct strain of neoliberalism may have overreached. If the goal was to fine-tune the rules to prevent disruptive demands for social justice or redistribution, then victory is nowhere in sight.”

The views expressed in this article are the authors’ own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeera’s editorial stance.

Santiago Zabala
Professor of philosophy at Pompeu Fabra University
Santiago Zabala is ICREA Research Professor of Philosophy at the Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona. His latest books are 'Being at Large. Freedom in the Age of Alternative Facts' (2020) and 'Why Only Art Can Save Us' (2017). His webpage is www.santiagozabala.com.

Claudio Gallo
Former La Stampa foreign desk editor and London correspondent
Claudio Gallo is a former La Stampa foreign desk editor and London correspondent. He previously wrote for AsiaTimes, Enduring America, and RT.com. His main interests are Middle East politics and Western philosophy.

외교부, ‘한일 간 군사협력은 불가, 안보협력은 중요’ < 외교 < 정부정당 < 기사본문 - 통일뉴스

외교부, ‘한일 간 군사협력은 불가, 안보협력은 중요’ < 외교 < 정부정당 < 기사본문 - 통일뉴스
외교부, ‘한일 간 군사협력은 불가, 안보협력은 중요’
윤 당선인측도 ‘한미일 공동군사훈련은 차원 다른 문제’
기자명 김치관 기자   
입력 2022.03.31 16:04  댓글 1
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외교부는 31일 한미일 안보협력은 중요하지만 군사협력은 불가하다는 입장을 밝혔다. 사진은 한미 외교장관 모습. [자료사진 - 통일뉴스]
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“한일 간 군사협력은 양국 간 신뢰회복과 이에 대한 국민적 공감대 형성이 선행되어야 가능하다는 우리 정부의 기본 입장에 변화가 없습니다.”

최영삼 외교부 대변인은 31일 오후 정례브리핑에서 “미국과 일본 정부가 최근 한·미·일 3국 군사훈련을 한반도 수역에서 하자고 거듭 제안해왔으나 한국 정부가 이를 수용하지 않은 사실이 30일 확인됐다”는 전날 [한겨레] 보도 관련 질문에 이같이 답했다.

최 대변인은 “우리의 유일한 군사동맹은 미국”이라며 한일 간 군사협력은 불가하다는 입장을 밝히면서도 “다만, 북한의 핵·미사일 위협대응을 위한 한·미·일 3국 간 안보협력이 중요하다는 인식은 공유하고 있다”고 답했다.

미국과 일본이 지난 2월 12일 호놀룰루 한미일 외교장관 회담과 지난 11일 한미일 외교차관 전화협의 당시 한미일 군사훈련을 거듭 제안한 명분도 북한의 미사일 발사 등 군사동향이었다.

즉, 미국과 일본은 북한 군사도발에 맞서는 한미일 군사훈련을 제안했지만 우리 정부는 3국간 ‘안보협력’은 중요하지만 일본이 참여하는 3국 공동군사훈련은 불가하다는 입장을 고수한 셈이다.

한편, 윤석열 대통령 당선인 측 김은혜 대변인은 이날 정례브리핑에서 관련 질문을 받고 “한미일 공동군사훈련은 한미일 안보협력과는 차원이 다른 문제”라며 “공동군사훈련이라고 하면 안보협력이 아닌 군사훈련 단계에 들어가는 거다”고 선을 긋고 “새 정부에서는 한미일 간에 실질적이고 효과적으로 안보협력을 이뤄낼 수 있는 방안을 검토하지 않을까 그렇게 생각한다”고 답했다.

일각에서는 김태효 외교안보분과 인수위원이 과거 논문에서 ‘한반도 유사시 일본 자위대의 후방 구조활동을 허용해야 한다’고 주장했는가 하면, 지소미아(GSOMIA·한일군사정보보호협정) 밀실처리를 주도한 전력 등을 들어 윤석열 정부가 들어서면 한일 간 군사협력이 추진될 가능성을 우려하는 시각도 있다.

윤 당선인도 후보 당시 TV토론에서 “한미일 동맹이 있다고 해서 유사시에 (자위대가) 들어올 수 있는 것이지만, 꼭 그것을 전제로 하는 것은 아니다”는 발언으로 곤욕을 치른 바 있다.


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곽태환 2022-04-01

김치관국장이 잘 정리해 줘서 감사드린다. 잘 아시다싶이 한일 간 근본문제가 해결되지 않고 있는 것이 현실이다. 한일관계의 정상화를 이룬 다음에 한미일 3국간 군사안보협력을 기대 해 볼수 있다. 더욱이 미국이 자국의 군사이익에 따라 한미일 간 3자 군사훈련을 생각할수 도 있다. 그렇지만 그것 아직 시기 상조이다. 그 전에 한일 간 근본문제부터 해법을 모색하여야 한다. 더욱이 현재 독도 영유권 문제, 과거 역사 청산문제등 근본문제 해결이 최우선이다. 필자는 미국이 일본을 한반도문제 해법을 모색할때 일본을 끌어드리고자하는 미국의 구상은 비 현실적이고 아주 나쁜 구상(bad idea)임을 인식하고 한일 간 근본문제해결을 위해 일본을 설득작업부터 먼저 하길 촉구한다.

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[단독] 美 '대북 맞대응 훈련’ 거절···“윤 당선인에게 보낸 메시지”[그렇군] - 경향신문

[단독] 美 '대북 맞대응 훈련’ 거절···“윤 당선인에게 보낸 메시지”[그렇군] - 경향신문

美 '대북 맞대응 훈련’ 거절···“윤 당선인에게 보낸 메시지”
박성진 안보전문기자
입력 : 2022.03.28 

북에 보낸 강력한 경고 메시지 반감
미, ‘윤 선제타격’ 안보정책에 선 긋기
북과 협상 여지 남겨 훈련 거절한 듯



육군 미사일사령부가 24일 북한의 대륙간탄도미사일(ICBM) 발사에 대응해 동해상에서 현무 2 미사일을 발사하고 있다. 국방부

미군이 한국군의 연합훈련 요청을 이례적으로 거부했다. 북한의 대륙간탄도미사일(ICBM) 도발 발사에 대한 맞대응 실사격 훈련에서다.


합참 관계자는 28일 “한국 측이 주한미군 측에 당초 계획한대로 맞대응 실사격을 함께 해줄 것을 요청했지만, 폴 러캐머라 주한미군사령관 겸 한미연합군사령관이 펜타곤(미 국방부) 지시를 이유로 거절한 것으로 알고 있다”고 밝혔다.


북한이 지난 24일 신형 ICBM ‘화성-17형’(한·미는 화성-15형으로 판단)을 발사하자 한국군은 지상·해상·공중 합동 타격훈련으로 맞대응했다. 이날 동원된 화력은 현무-II 지대지 미사일 1발, 에이태킴스(ATACMS·전술지대지유도탄) 1발, 해성-II 함대지미사일 1발, 공대지 합동정밀직격탄(JDAM) 2발 등이었다. 다음날인 25일에는 서욱 국방장관의 현장 지휘로 F-35A 28대를 동원한 ‘엘리펀트 워크’ 훈련으로 맞대응 수위를 높였다.


두 맞대응 훈련은 한국군 단독으로 실시됐다. 5년 전인 2017년 9월 북한의 ‘화성-12형’ 발사 때 한·미가 연합타격훈련을 실시했던 것과 대비된다. 당시에는 주한미군이 한국군과 함께 에이태킴스를 발사했다. 당초 주한미군 에이태킴스 전력은 이번 맞대응 실사격훈련에도 5년 전처럼 참여하기로 계획돼 있었으나, 미측은 북한의 ICBM 발사를 앞두고 갑작스럽게 이를 취소했다.


군 관계자는 “북한의 ICBM 발사 보름 전부터 한·미 연합전력이 맞대응 실사격을 준비하고 현장에서 대기했는데, 막상 실제로 사격한 날에는 미측이 빠져 의아하게 생각했다”며 “자세한 이유는 모르겠지만 주한미군사령부, 인도태평양사령부, 펜타곤 간에 조금씩 입장 차이가 있었던 것 아닌가 싶다”고 말했다. 그러면서 “한·미간에 이견이 있거나 북한의 무력 시위에 대한 확고한 의지가 흔들리거나 하는 건 아니다”라며 “아직 미국 내부에서 방향성을 확실히 정하지 못한 것으로 보인다”고 했다.


코끼리 행진에 비유되는 ‘엘리펀트 워크’ 역시 마찬가지다. 엘리펀트 워크는 다수의 전투기가 짧은 간격의 밀집 대형으로 잇달아 이륙하기에 앞서 열을 지어 활주로를 이동하는 것을 말한다. 한국 공군은 미 공군이 참여하지 않아 비행장 활주로 위에서 단독으로 ‘코끼리 걸음’을 했다. 결과적으로 북한 도발에 한국군 홀로 맞대응하는 것처럼 보이는 모습이 연출됐다.


‘빛샐 틈 없다’던 동맹인 미측의 연합훈련 참여 거부는 실사격과 엘리펀트 워크 등 북한에 공개적으로 보낸 강력한 군사적 경고메시지의 효과를 크게 반감시켰다. 김준락 합동참모본부 공보실장은 이날 브리핑에서 “우리 측 단독으로 하기로 정책 결정이 이뤄진 사안”이라고 말했다.


북한 ICBM 발사에 맞대응한 시간도 논란거리다. 북한의 ICBM이 발사대를 떠난 시각은 지난 20일 오후 2시 34분이었고, 한국군이 맞대응 미사일을 쏘기 시작한 시간은 오후 4시 25분으로, 북이 ICBM을 발사하고 111분이 지난 시점이었다. 이는 5년 전 한·미가 6분 만에 대응 사격한 것과 견주면 시간적으로 크게 늦다. 이는 아마도 북한이 5년 전과는 달리 미사일을 고각으로 발사해 ICBM인지 준중거리탄도미사일(MRBM)인지를 구분하는데 상당한 시간이 걸린 때문인 것으로 추정된다. 군은 북의 MRBM 발사일 경우 굳이 맞대응 실사격을 할 이유가 없는 사안으로 판단하고 있다.



공군 F-15K 전투기가 24일 북한의 대륙간탄도미사일(ICBM) 발사에 대응해 동해상에서 발사한 합동직격탄이 표적에 명중하고 있다. 국방부

미국의 맞대응 훈련 거절은 미측이 북한과의 협상 여지를 남겨둔 때문인 것으로 보인다. 앞서 미국은 윤석열 대통령 당선인이 안보정책과 관련해 주장했던 것을 일부 받아들이지 않았다. 미 의회조사국은 지난 18일 내놓은 ‘한국의 새로운 대통령 선출’ 제목 보고서에서 “(윤 당선인이) 여러 이슈에서 미국과 더 강하게 공조할 것”이라고 전망하면서도 “(윤 당선인이 말한) 한국의 선제타격 주장은 미국의 입장과 다르다”고 선을 그었다. 보고서는 “미국은 과거 남북 군사 충돌이 있으면 종종 한국에 군사 대응은 자제하라고 압력을 가했는데 이는 윤 당선인 공약과 상충할 수 있다”고 덧붙였다.


이런 분위기는 조지프 디트라니 전 미 국무부 대북담당 특사가 지난 24일(현지시간) 자유아시아방송(RFA)과 가진 인터뷰에서도 읽혀진다. 디트라니 전 특사는 인터뷰에서 북한이 협상에 복귀할 수 있도록 국제사회가 제재 완화를 검토해야 한다고 주문했다. 그는 “미국과 유엔이 북한의 핵실험과 미사일 발사를 중단하겠다고 한 모라토리엄과 맞바꿀 수 있는 로드맵을 제시해야 하고, 대북제재 완화도 준비해야 한다”면서 “긴장이 고조될수록 판단 착오가 발생해 우발적 충돌이 발생할 가능성도 커진다”고 경고했다. 윤 대통령 당선인을 향해서는 북한에 “포용성을 보여달라”고 당부했다.




앞서 문재인 대통령은 북한의 ICBM 발사를 모라토리엄 ‘파기’라고 말했으나, 미국 등 외국 언론은 모라토리엄 ‘종료’ 또는 ‘철회’라는 결이 다른 표현을 사용하고 있다.

Russia wants to 'create North and South Korea in Ukraine,' Ukrainian military official says | CBC News

Russia wants to 'create North and South Korea in Ukraine,' Ukrainian military official says | CBC News

Russia wants to 'create North and South Korea in Ukraine,' Ukrainian military official says

Zelensky signals openness for compromise ahead of peace talks in Turkey
Thomson Reuters · Posted: Mar 27, 2022 2:50 AM ET | Last Updated: March 28



Warning: This photo gallery contains an image of a dead body. Above, a Ukranian soldier stands atop a Russian tank captured after fighting with Russian troops in the village of Lukyanivka outside Kyiv on Sunday. (Marko Djurica/Reuters)Show next image (2 of 13)
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Russia wants to split Ukraine into two, as happened with North and South Korea, Ukraine's military intelligence chief said on Sunday, vowing "total" guerrilla warfare to prevent a carve-up of the country.

After more than four weeks of conflict, Russia has failed to seize any major Ukrainian city and signaled on Friday it was scaling back its ambitions to focus on securing the Donbas region of Eastern Ukraine, where Russian-backed separatists have been fighting the Ukrainian army for the past eight years.


A local leader in the self-proclaimed Luhansk People's Republic said on Sunday the region could soon hold a referendum on joining Russia, just as happened in Crimea after Russia seized the Ukrainian peninsula in 2014.

Crimeans voted overwhelmingly to break with Ukraine and join Russia — a vote that much of the world refused to recognize.


"In fact, it is an attempt to create North and South Korea in Ukraine," Kyrylo Budanov, the head of Ukrainian military intelligence, said in a statement, referring to the division of Korea after the Second World War.

He predicted Ukraine's army would repel Russian forces.

No reason to trust Russian rhetoric, says UN ambassador Bob Rae

"In addition, the season of a total Ukrainian guerrilla safari will soon begin. Then there will be one relevant scenario left for the Russians, how to survive," he said.

Ukraine's foreign ministry spokesperson also dismissed talk of any referendum in Eastern Ukraine.

"All fake referendums in the temporarily occupied territories are null and void and will have no legal validity," Oleg Nikolenko told Reuters.
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Ukraine open to neutrality, says Zelensky

However, President Volodymyr Zelensky said on Sunday that Ukraine is willing to become neutral and compromise over the status of the Donbas region as part of a peace deal.

Zelensky took his message directly to Russian journalists in a video call that the Kremlin pre-emptively warned Russian media not to report, saying any agreement must be guaranteed by third parties and put to a referendum.

"Security guarantees and neutrality, non-nuclear status of our state. We are ready to go for it," he said, speaking in Russian.

Zelensky later said in his nightly video address that he would insist on the "territorial integrity" of Ukraine in any talks.

In a call with Russian President Vladimir Putin on Sunday, Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan agreed to hold talks this week in Istanbul and called for a ceasefire and better humanitarian conditions, his office said. Ukrainian and Russian negotiators confirmed that in-person talks would take place.


Moscow says the goals for what Putin calls a "special military operation" include demilitarizing and "denazifying" its neighbour. Ukraine and its Western allies call this a pretext for unprovoked invasion. Ukraine has described previous negotiations, some of which have taken place in Russian ally Belarus, as "very difficult."